THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 

Ex  libris 

Katharine  F.  Richmond 

'and 
Henry  C.  Fall 


e^£ -••»•« '••^i- 


THE 


FIRST   REGIMENT 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  VOLUNTEERS 


GREAT    REBELLION: 


CONTAINING    THE   STORY  OF  THE   CAMPAIGN;    AN  ACCOUNT  OF 

THE  "  GREAT  UPRISING  OF  THE  PEOPLE    OF  THE  STATE," 

AND  OTHER  ARTICLES  UPON  SUBJECTS  ASSOCIATED 

WITH  THE  EARLY  WAR  PERIOD;    MAP  OF  THE 

ROUTE  OF  THE  REGIMENT;    TABLES; 

BIOGRAPHIES;  PORTRAITS  AND 

ILL  US  TRA  TIONS. 


BY 


REV.  STEPHEN  G.  ABBOTT,  A.  M., 

Chaplain   of  the  Regiment. 


KEENE : 
SENTINEL   PRINTING  COMPANY,  PRINTERS. 

1890. 


COPYRIGHTED,  1890, 
BY  S.  G.  ABBOTT. 


TO    THE 


SURVIVING  VETERANS    OF   THE   FIRST   REGIMENT 


IN  THE  GREAT  REBELLION,  TO  THE  MEMORY  OF  THEIR  COMRADES 

WHO  SLEEP  IN  SOLDIERS'  GRAVES,  AND  TO  THE 

FAMILIES  AND  FRIENDS  OF  BOTH, 

THIS  VOLUME  IS  AFFECTIONATELY  INSCRIBED 

BY   THE    AUTHOR. 


PREFACE. 

As  the  author  of  this  volume  I  have  aimed  to  pre- 
serve, for  future  reference,  a  truthful  account  of  the 
position  New  Hampshire  occupied  in  the  early  period 
of  the  Great  Rebellion.  As  to  my  success,  I  invoke 
the  charitable  criticism  of  those  who  were  contempora- 
neous with  those  times. 

The  following  historical  errors  should  be  corrected. 

Owing  to  a  similarity  of  names  the  word  Senator  is 
found  in  connection  with  Edward  Ashton  Rollins,  on 
page  261.  On  page  269  Lafayette  should  be  substi- 
tuted for  Washington — a  mistake  of  a  correspondent. 
An  examination  of  the  papers  of  Miss  Dorothea  Dix, 
mentioned  on  page  268,  proves  that  she  was  born  in 
New  Hampshire. 

By  the  advice  of  judicious  friends,  I  have  secured 
various  articles  from  able  writers  on  subjects  germane 
to  the  early  period  of  the  war,  which,  it  is  believed,  will 
add  interest  to  the  book  and  do  honor  to  the  State. 

These  writers  have  been  left  to  treat  their  subjects, 
respectively,  from  their  own  stand-points,  as  to  matter 
and  manner,  without  interference  by  the  author. 

I  have  secured  as  many  portraits  as  practicable,  of 
the  officers  of  the  regiment,  and  of  New  Hampshire 
men  who  were  prominent  actors  at  home  and  in  Con- 
gress during  the  service  of  the  First  Regiment,  and  of 
those  whose  names  receive  special  mention  in  the  work. 


8  PREFACE. 

To  such  of  these  as  are  living  and  to  the  friends  of 
those  deceased,  I  wish  to  express  sincere  thanks  for 
their  contributions. 

I  have,  by  permission,  made  free  use  of  "New 
Hampshire  in  the  Rebellion,"  by  Maj.  Otis  F.  R. 
Waite,  and  also  of  Capt.  Ira  McL.  Barton's  sketch  in 
the  Adjutant  General's  Report.  Both  these  articles 
were,  however,  originally  taken,  principally,  from  my 
manuscript. 

It  would  be  impracticable  to  mention  by  name  the 
many  comrades  and  others  who  have  cheerfully  given 
me  aid  and  encouragement  in  preparing  this  history. 
I  have  met  only  with  kind  responses  to  all  appeals  for 
help.  Besides  those  whose  names  appear  at  the  head 
of  various  articles,  Gen.  A.  D.  Ayling  is  entitled  to 
many  thanks  for  copies  of  records  and  other  services  ; 
and  Col.  William  H.  D.  Cochrane  for  assistance  on  the 
tables.  I  desire  especially  and  gratefully  to  acknowl- 
edge the  untiring  and  enthusiastic  interest  taken  in  this 
work  by  Hon.  A.  S.  Batchellor  of  Littleton. 

To  all  who  have  rendered  me  assistance,  I  desire  to 
express  my  profound  gratitude. 

With  all  its  imperfections  I  commit  this  unpretending 
volume  to  the  public,  hoping  it  may,  at  least,  rescue 
from  oblivion  the  memory  of  the  heroic  services  of  our 
brave  New  Hampshire  boys  who  first  sprang  to  the 
front  when  our  liberties  were  assailed. 

S.  G.  A. 


CONTENTS. 


I — NEW  HAMPSHIRE 13 

II — THE  RELATION  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  MEN  TO 
THE    EVENTS  WHICH    CULMINATED   IN  THE 

WAR    OF  THE  REBELLION 20 

III — THE  POLITICAL  SITUATION  AT  THE  OUTBREAK 

OF  THE  WAR 38 

IV — THE  UPRISING  OF  THE  PEOPLE 43 

V — THE  STORY  OF  THE  CAMPAIGN 100 

VI — THE  WAGON  TRAIN 181 

VII — THE  EMINENT  SONS  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  IN 

THE  REBELLION 191 

VIII — THE  IRISH  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  IN  THE  CIVIL 

WAR 225 

IX — THE  WOMEN   OF   NEW  HAMPSHIRE    IN   THE 

REBELLION 256 

X — THE  CLERGY  AND  CHURCHES  OF  NEW  HAMP- 
SHIRE   IN    THE    REBELLION 290 

XI — THE  REGIMENTAL  BAND 295 

XII — BIOGRAPHIES 297 

XIII — THE  MATERIAL  PROSPERITY  OF  THE  NORTH 

DURING  THE  WAR  PERIOD 357 

POEM 371 

XIV — STATISTICAL  TABLES 374 

TABLE     I — ORIGINAL  ROSTER      .    .         375 
II — SURVIVING  VETERANS  .         419 
III — DECEASED  VETERANS   .         438 
IV — SERVICES  IN  OTHER  OR- 
GANIZATIONS    ....         452 


PORTRAITS. 


CHAPLAIN  STEPHEN  G.  ABBOTT Frontispiece. 

PAGE. 

Gov.  ICHABOD  GOODWIN Facing  13 

Gov.  NATHANIEL  S.  BERRY "       28 

Gov.  FREDERICK  SMYTH "       46 

COL.  MASON  W.  TAPPAN "       60 

LIEUT. -CoL.  THOMAS  J.  WHIPPLE  ......  "       84 

PRESIDENT  LINCOLN  ...   * 101 

MAJ.  AARON  F.  STEVENS Facing  108 

COL.  W.  H.  D.  COCHRANE 119 

COL.  CHARLES  P.  STONE 128 

SURGEON  ALPHEUS  B.  CROSBY Facing  132 

ADJT.  ENOCH  Q.  FELLOWS "       156 

GEN.  N.  P.  BANKS 164 

PAYMASTER  MOSES  K.  HAZELTON Facing  180 

LUTHER  CRAWFORD  LADD 194 

CAPT.  IRA  McL.  BARTON Facing  204 

HON.  JOHN  P.  HALE "       228 

HON.  EDWARD  H.  ROLLINS "       252 

GEN.  JOHN  A.  Dix "       276 

GEN.  JOHN  G.  FOSTER "       300 

COL.  HENRY  O.  KENT "       324 

EDWIN  T.  BALDWIN "       348 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


THE  UPRISING  OF  THE  PEOPLE  .    .  ^ 44 

FORT  SUMTER  BEFORE  BOMBARDMENT 52 

FORT  SUMTER  AFTER  BOMBARDMENT 62 

OFF  FOR  THE  WAR 112 

MASSACHUSETTS  SIXTH  IN  BALTIMORE 121 

CHAPLAIN  PREACHING  TO  SOLDIERS 125 

ROUTE  OF  THE  FIRST  REGIMENT  (Map) 130 

CHAPLAIN'S  TENT 136 

ON  PICKET 144 

CONFEDERATE  FLAG 147 

HARPER'S  FERRY 171 

THE  LADD  MONUMENT 196 


•<^s  x*   ^  &--+•  ^      S  ^~ 


Q  (D  Kl  ^  [B  ©  E)    (S(S)© 


f*  JVEW  flAMFSSHRS  2859'  6O- 


CHAPTER  I. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

The  remark  attributed  to  Daniel  Webster  that  "•  New 
Hampshire  is  a  good  State  to  emigrate  from  "  contains 
the  highest  compliment  he  could  have  given  to  his 
native  State,  as  nuggets  of  gold  successively  taken  from 
the  mine  indicate  its  value.  The  highest  encomium  we 
can  give  New  Hampshire  is  that  she  makes  men  for 
the  world.  While  fulsome  praise  of  one's  own  State 
would  be  in  bad  taste,  it  is  well  that  generations  to 
come  should  find  in  the  records  of  history  reminders  of 
their  inheritance  from  the  fathers.  New  Hampshire  is 
but  a  little  one  among  her  sister  States,  but  the  history 
of  her  men  and  deeds  is  interwoven  with  that  of  the 
Nation.  Her  diversified  surface,  her  rugged  soil,  her 
rigorous  climate,  her  mineral  resources,  her  rivers  and 
lakes,  her  facilities  for  the  pursuit  of  the  various  indus- 
tries, together  with  her  institutions  for  mental,  moral 


1 4  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

and  religious  training,  demand  in  her  population  men 
and  women  of  stalwart  character.  This  standard  she 
has  honored  in  the  past,  maintains  in  the  present,  and 
will  perpetuate  in  the  future.  The  mature  manhood  of 
the  present  requires  but  like  emergencies  to  develop 
the  patriotism  and  power  which  have  so  grandly  char- 
acterized the  sons  of  New  Hampshire  in  the  past  history 
of  the  Nation  ;  and  the  children  of  our  schools  give 
ample  assurance  that  these  qualities  are  not  in  the 
process  of  decay. 

In  every  emergency  of  the  Nation,  New  Hampshire 
has  done  her  whole  duty.  In  the  first  battles  for 
freedom  from  the  British  yoke  many  of  her  sons  stood 
and  fell.  At  the  bloody  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  1444 
of  the  American  troops  were  from  New  Hampshire, 
besides  325  in  the  Massachusetts  Regiments  from  the 
same  State,  enough  certainly  to  entitle  her  to  recog- 
nition on  the  tablets  and  in  the  memorials  instituted  to 
perpetuate  the  memory  of  that  occasion,  although  "  the 
American  troops  were  mainly  from  Massachusetts  ! 

New  Hampshire  was  conspicuous  on  land  and  water 
in  the  War  of  1812.  She  responded  nobly  in  the 
persons  of  her  prominent  citizens  in  the  War  with 
Mexico,  and,  as  will  hereafter  appear,  she  did  not  go 
back  on  her  previous  record  in  the  stormy  times  of  the 
44  Great  Rebellion."  She  was  represented  by  her 
soldiers  in  a  large  percentage^  of  the  ^2^8^engagementS 
by  land  and  water  during  the  war,  and  it  is  safe  to  say 
that  no  battle  in  which  New  Hampshire  veterans  were 
engaged,  was  lost  by  default  of  their  bravery. 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 5 

Familiarity  with  the  representatives  of  the  learned 
professions,  with  the  literature  of  the  Commonwealth, 
and  with  the  prevalence  of  general  information,  will 
remove  all  fear  that  the  ability  and  patriotism  of  the 
State  died  with  the  fathers,  or  that  their  children  will 
not  be  equal  to  any  emergencies  that  may  arise  in  the 
future.  Notwithstanding  the  incessant  draft  that  has 
been  made  by  other  States  upon  the  able  men  of  New 
Hampshire,  she  has  retained  enough  to  maintain  a 
noble  record  of  uninterrupted  prosperity  and  progress. 
God  save  the  Commonwealth  of  New  Hampshire. 


Appended  to  this  brief  sketch  is  a  list  of  the  honored 
men  who  have  ably  represented  all  the  interests  of  the 
State  as  her  chief  magistrates,  and  to  whose  wise  and 
patriotic  administration  the  perpetuity  and  prosperity  of 
the  State  are  largely  indebted. 

Presidents  and  Governors  of  the    Province  of  New 

Hampshire,  and  Commanders-in-Chief  of  the  Military 

Forces  from   1680  to  the  retirement  of  Governor  John 

Wentworth  and  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution  : 

John  Cutt,  President,  1680 

Richard  Waldron,  President,  1681 

Edward  Cranfield,  Lieut.  Governor,  1682 

Walter  Barefoote,  Deputy  Governor,  1685 

Joseph  Dudley,  President,  1686 

Edmund  Andrews,  Governor,  1687 

Simon  Bradstreet,  Governor,  1689 

John  Usher,  Lieut.  Governor,  1692 


1  6  FIRST  NE  H*  HAMPSHIRE. 

William  Partridge,  Lieut.  Governor,  1697 

Samuel  Allen,  Governor,  1698 

Earl  of  Bellemont,  Governor,  r^99 

William  Partridge,  Lieut.  Governor,  1699 

Joseph  Dudley,  Governor,  1702 

John  Usher,  Lieut.  Governor,  1702 

George  Vaughan,  Lieut.  Governor,  I7I5 

Samuel  Shute,  Governor,  1716 

John  Wentvvorth,  Lieut.  Governor,  I7I7 

William  Burnet,  Governor,  1728 
Jonathan  Belcher,  Governor, 
David  Dunbar,  Lieut.  Governor, 

Benning  Wentworth,  Governor,  J741 
John  Wentworth,  Governor, 


Presidents  and  Commanders-in-Chief  of  the  Militia 
of  the  State,  from  1784  to  the  formation  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  1792  : 

Meshech  Weare, 

John  Langdon, 

John  Sullivan,  1786 

John  Langdon,  1788 

John  Sullivan,  I7^9 

Josiah  Bartlett,  I79° 

Governors  of  New  Hampshire  and  Commanders-in- 
Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  same,  from  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  in  1792,  to  the  present 
time  : 

Josiah  Bartlett,  1792-94 

John  T.  Gilman,  1794-1805 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSPIIRE.  1 7 

John  Langdon,  1805-09 

Jeremiah  Smith,  '  1809-10 

John  Langdon,  1810-12 

William  Plummer,  1812-13 

John  T.  Oilman,  1813-16 

William  Plummer,  1816-19 

Samuel  Bell,  1819-23 

Levi  Woodbury,  1823-24 

David  L.  Morrill,  1824-27 

Benjamin  Pierce,  1827-29 

John  Bell,  1829-30 

Matthew  Harvey,  1830-31 
Joseph  M.  Harper,  1831 

Samuel  Dinsmoor,  1831-34 

William  Badger,  1834-36 

Isaac  Hill,  1836-39 

John  Page,  1839-42 

Henry  Hubbard,  1842-44 

John  H.  Steele,  1844-46 

Anthony  Colby,  1846-47 

Jared  W.  Williams,  1847-49 

Samuel.  Dinsmoor,  1849-52 

Noah  Martin,  1852-54 

Nathaniel  B.  Baker,  1854-55 

Ralph  Metcalf,  1855-57 
William  Haile,                                          •   1857-59 

Ichabod  Goodwin,  1859-61 

Nathaniel  S.  Berry,  1861-63 

Joseph  A.  Gilmore,  1863-65 

Frederick  Smyth,  1865-67 


1 8  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIHE. 

Walter  Harriman,  1867-69 

Onslow  Stearns,  1869-71 

James  A.  Weston,  1871-72 
Ezekiel  Straw,                                          '   1872-74 

James  A.  Weston,  1874-75 

Person  C.  Cheney,  1875-77 

Benjamin  F.  Prescott,  1877-79 

Natt  Head,  1879-81 

Charles  H.  Bell,  1881-83 

Samuel  W.  Hale,  1883-85 

Moody  Currier,  1885-87 

Charles  H.  Sawyer,  1887-89 

David  H.  Goodell,  1889- 
The    following    were    the    Commander-in-Chief  and 

O 

Officers  of  the  Military  Staff  of  the  State  at  the  outbreak 

of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  : 

GOVERNOR : 
Ichabod  Goodwin. 

GOVERNOR'S  AIDES-DE-CAMP — WITH  RANK  OF  COLONEL  : 
Clement  March,  Portsmouth, 

Albert  L.  Jones,  Portsmouth, 

Bradbury  P.  Nilley,  Manchester, 

Joseph  W.  Robinson,  Concord, 

Abiel  Rolfe,  Penacook, 

Henry  W.  Rowell,  Littleton, 

A.  Herbert  Bellows,  Concord. 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL  : 

Joseph  C.  Abbott,  Manchester. 

ASSISTANT    ADJUTANT-GENERAL  : 

Henry  O.  Kent,  Lancaster. 


FIR S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  1 9 

AIDS. 

Otis  Wright,  Nashua, 

Gilbert  Hills,  Amherst, 

Isaac  W.  Farmer,  Manchester. 

COMMISSARY  GENERAL  : 

William  O.  Sides,  Portsmouth. 


CHAPTKR    II. 

BY  WILLIAM  F.  WHITCHER. 

THE  RELATION  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  MEN  TO  THE  EVENTS 
WHICH  CULMINATED  IN  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBEL- 
LION. 

In  any  just  consideration  of  the  relation  sustained  by 
New  Hampshire  to  the  political  events  which  culminated 
in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  the  fact  that  there  are  two 
New  Hampshires  must  not  be  left  out  of  the  account. 
There  is  the  smaller  New  Hampshire,  that  triangular 
geographical  division  of  Northern  New  England  lying 
between  Maine  and  Vermont,  that  political  entity  which, 
as  one  of  the  members  of  the  American  Union,  never 
faltered  in  its  loyalty  or  allegiance  when  that  Union  was 
threatened,  and  which  in  the  quarter  century  preceeding 
the  great  military  struggle  that  broke  out  in  1861, 
)  sent  to  the  councils  of  the  Nation  such  men  as  Isaac 
Hill,  Levi  Woodbury,  Henry  Hubbard.  Franklin  Pierce, 
Charles  G.  Atherton,  Edmund  Burke,  Ira  A.  Eastman, 
John  P.  Hale,  Harry  Hibbard,  James  Bell,  Mason  W. 
Tappan  and  Daniel  Clark.  There  is  the  larger  New 
Hampshire  which  knows  no  state  lines,  but  extends  to 
every  section  of  the  country  where  men  of  New  Hamp- 
shire blood  and  birth  and  training  have  found  fields  of 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  2 1 

honorable  activity  and  exalted  usefulness,  and  which 
has  furnished  the  nation' with  men,  among  whom  Daniel 
Webster,  Lewis  Cass,  Amos  Kendall,  John  A.  Dix, 
Nathan  Clifford,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Horace  Gre'eley, 
John  Wentworth,  James  W.  Grimes,  Henry  Wilson, 
Zachariah  Chandler  and  William  Pitt  Fessenden  stand 
out  with  marked  .prominence.  During  the  twenty-five 
or  thirty  years  previous  to  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumpter  the 
attitude  of  New  Hampshire  was  at  no  time  unimportant, 
as  the  very  mention  of  these  names  abundantly  proves, 
and  the  attitude  of  her  sons  was  in  more  than  one 
instance  the  dominant  influence  and  determining  factor 
in  great  political  crises.  An  illustration  of  this  is  fur- 
nished by  the  great  nullification  contest  of  1832  with 
which  the  period  in  question  opens.  That  contest 
between  union  and  disunion  was  the  logical  outcome  of 
two  conflicting  theories  of  constitutional  interpretation 
which  had  long  before  borne  fruit  in  the  Alien  and 
Sedition  laws,  and  in  the  famous  Virginia  and  Kentucky 
resolutions  which  were  the  protest  against  these  laws, 
just  as  the  secession  in  1860  and  1861  was  the  logical 
outcome  of  the  acceptance  of  the  nullification  theories 
which  were  propounded  and  defended  with  such  match- 
less skill  by  South  Carolina's  greatest  son.  It  was  a 
great  victory  which  was  won  by  Andrew  Jackson  over 
John  C.  Calhoun,  yet  it  was  hardly  decisive.  It  was  a 
truce  that  followed,  not  peace.  The  disunion  snake  was 
''scotch'd"  not  "killed."  In  estimating  the  value  of 
Jackson's  victory,  the  influence  of  the  men  associated 
with  him  in  the  conflict  is  not  to  be  left  out  of  the 


2  2  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

account.  Among  his  "constitutional  advisers"  were 
Levi  Woodbury  of  New  Hampshire,  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  and  Lewis  Cass  of  Ohio,  afterwards  of  Michigan, 
Secretary  of  War.  The  great  career  of  Woodbury  is  a 
household  story  in  New  Hampshire  and  that  of  Lewis 
Oass  should  be  no  less  so.  A  native  of  Exeter,  where 
he  received  his  academic  education,  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen he  made  his  way  on  foot  in  1800  over  the  Allegha- 
nies  into  the  just  opening  West,  to  become  one  of  the 
dominant  figures  in  American  history,  filling  almost 
every  position  of  trust  and  honor  ,in  the  power  of  his 
country  to  bestow  upon  him,  except  the  presidency, 
which  he  missed  that  Martin  Van  Buren  might  be  re- 
venged, and  retired  to  private  life  in  his  honored  old  age, 
laying  down  the  portfolio  of  State  rather  than  to  seem 
non-resistant  to  the  treason  and  rebellion  he  was  power- 
less to  avert. 

It  is  doubtful  if  any  man  in  either  branch  of  Congress 
had  more  entirely  the  confidence  of  Andrew  Jackson, 
when  the  storm  of  nullification  broke,  than  did  Isaac 
Hill,  then  New  Hampshire's  junior  Senator,  who  more 
than  any  other  man  had  been  influential  in  changing  his 
state  from  a  strong  hold  of  Federalism  into  a  strong  hold 
of  Democracy,  and  who  in  a  Senate  where  Webster, 
Clay  and  Calhoun  held  seats,  was  a  member  of  marked 
influence  and  power.  Hill  had  come  to  Washington  in 
March,  1829,  to  witness  the  triumphal  inauguration  of 
the  man  for  whose  success  he  had  worked  with  persist- 
ent zeal,  though  he  had  failed  to  secure  him  New  Hamp- 
shire's vote,  and  Jackson  had  insisted  on  his  remaining, 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  2  3 

as  the  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury.  The  Senate 
rejected  his  nomination  and  Isaac  Hill  went  home  to 
New  Hampshire,  a  martyr  to  his  devotion  to  Jackson, 
only  to  be  returned  to  the  same  Senate  that  had  rejected 
him,  a  member.  He  was  closer  to  Jackson  doubtless 
than  any  member  of  his  Cabinet,  sharing  with  Major 
William  B.  Lewis"  and  Amos  Kendall  the  intimacy  of 
personal  relations  with  the  president  that  gave  them  the 
chief  places  in  that  inner  circle  of  advisers  and  friends 
which  was  known  as  the  "  Kitchen  Cabinet." 

And  Amos  Kendall,  who  with  the  incoming  >of  the 
Jackson  administration  began  as  fourth  auditor  of  the 
Treasury  his  long  official  career,  was  also  a  New 
Hampshire  man,  a  native  of  Dunstable  and  a  graduate 
of  Dartmouth.  Those  who  have  declared  that  Kendall 
was  the  master-spirit  of  the  Jackson  administration,  have 
not  been  guilty  of  great  exaggeration.  Harriet  Marti- 
neau  in  her  visit  to  the  United  States  in  1836  gave 
expression  to  the  opinion  prevalent  in  Washington  when 
she  wrote  of  him  :  "  He  is  supposed  to  be  the  moving 
spring  of  the  whole  administration,  the  thinker,  planner, 
and  doer ;  but  it  is  all  in  the  dark.  Documents  are 
issued  of  an  excellence  which  prevents  their  being 
attributed  to  persons  who  take  the  responsibility  of 
them  ;  a  correspondence  is  kept  up  all  over  the  country 
for  which  no  one  seems  to  be  answerable.  Work  is 
done  of  goblin  extent  and  with  goblin  speed,  which 
makes  men  look  about  them  writh  a  superstitious 
wonder  :  and  the  invisible  Amos  Kendall  has  the  credit 
of  it  all  *  *  *  He  is  undoubtedly  a  great  genius.  He 


24  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

unites    with    his    great   talent    for    silence    a    splendid 
audacity." 

The  imperious,  selfwilled  Andrew  Jackson,  who 
never  knew  fear,  and  who  never  submitted  to  defeat,  was 
by  no  means  impervious  to  the  influence  of  those  whom 
he  trusted.  What  his  course  might  have  been  in  this 
nullification  controversy,  had  not  he  and  Calhoun  been 
political  enemies,  and  had  his  trusted  advisers  been  sons 
of  South  Carolina  instead  of  New  Hampshire,  it  is  idle  to 
conjecture.  It  must  be  remembered  that  Jackson  was  a 
South  Carolinian,  a  Southerner,  a  rigid  strict  construc- 
tionist,  a  partisan.  Calhoun  raised  the  issue  ;  this  was 
fortunate.  Woodbury,  Cass,  Hill  and  Kendall  were 
among  Jackson's  most  trusted  advisers.  This  again  was 
fortunate  :  and  may  it  not  be  said  that  it  was  still  more 
fortunate  that  two  years  previously,  New  Hampshire's 
greatest  son,  Daniel  Webster,  in  his  famous  debate 
with  Hayne,  had  indicated  and  laid  down  the  only  line 
of  policy,  following  which,  Calhoun  could  be  met?  It 
is  worth  the  while  of  the  student  to  read  Jackson's  justly 
famous  nullification  proclamation  in  the  light  of  Web- 
ster's immortal  reply  to  Hayne.  A  single  thought  runs 
through  both,  the  supreme  worth  of  the  Union.  Webster 
demonstrated  this,  and  Jackson  accepting  the  demon- 
stration vowed  that  the  Union  should  be  preserved. 
Webster  was  in  the  opposition,  but  when  Jackson  made 
Webster's  sentiment  his  own,  the  great  anti-Jackson 
Senator  became  in  the  Senate  the  oratorical  champion  of 
the  Jackson  administration,  the  defender  par  excellence 
of  the  constitution  and  the  Union. 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  25 

The  apparent  outcome  of  the  nullification  controversy 
was  a  compromise,  at  least  so  far  as  Jackson  and  Calhoun 
were  concerned.  Whatever  real  victory  was  won,  it  is 
not  too  much  to  say,  was  Webster's  instead  of  Jackson's. 
The  four  distinct  propositions  for  which  Webster  con- 
tended he  condensed  as  follows  : 

1.  "  That  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  is  not 
a  league,  confederacy,  or  compact,  between  the  "people 
of  the  several  States  in  their  sovereign  capacities  :  but 
a  government  proper,  founded  on  the   adoption  of  the 
people  and  creating  direct  relations  between  itself  and 
individuals." 

2.  "That  no  State  authority  has  power  to  dissolve 
these    relations :   that    nothing    can    dissolve    them  but 
revolution  :  and  that  consequently,  there  can  be  no  such 
thing  as  secession  without  revolution." 

3.  "That  there  is  a  supreme  law,  consisting  of  the 
Constitution   of    the   United   States,    acts   of    Congress 
passed   in   pursuance   of  it,   and  treaties  :  and   that  in 
cases   not  capable  of  assuming  the  character  of  a  suit 
in  law  or  equity,  Congress  must  judge  of,  and  finally 
interpret  this  supreme  lawr,  so  often  as  it  has  occasion  to 
pass  acts  of  legislation:    and  in  cases  capable  of  assum- 
ing, and  actually  assuming,  the  character  of  a  suit,  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  is  the  final  inter- 
preter." 

4.  "That  an  attempt  by  a  State  to  abrogate,  annul, 
or  nullify,  an  act  of  Congress,  or  to  arrest  its  operation 
within   her  limits,  on  the  ground  that,  in  her  opinion, 
such   law  is  unconstitutional,  is  a  direct  usurpation  on 


26  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

\ 

the  just  powers  of  the  general  government  and  on  the 
equal  rights  of  other  states  :  a  plain  violation  of  the 
constitution  and  a  proceeding  essentially  revolutionary 
in  its  character  and  tendency." 

When  the  nullification  controversy  ended  it  could  not 
be  said  that  these  four  propositions  had  found  universal 
acceptance,  but  they  had  made  their  impression  on  the 
country,  an  impression  that  deepened  and  strengthened 
as  the  years  went  on.  It  was  worth  all  the  nullification 
contest  cost  to  have  called  forth  the  enunciation  of  these 
propositions,  and  to  have  secured  their  acceptance 
throughout  the  North.  These  furnished  a  substantial 
basis  for  the  growth  and  development  of  a  Union 
sentiment,  and  as  the  champion  and  exponent  of  union 
and  nationality,  Daniel  Webster  stands  without  a  peer. 
It  is  too  much  to  say  that  he  invented  the  Union  or 
discovered  the  doctrine  of  nationality,  but  finding  the 
great  fact  and  the  great  principle  ready  to  his  hand,  he 
devoted  himself  to  the  great  cause  of  nationality  with  a 
fidelity  which  never  faltered.  Nothing  appealed  so 
strongly  to  his  great  nature  as  the  thought  of  the 
Union.  His  biographer  most  pertinently  and  truthfully 
says  :  "The  vision  of  future  empire,  the  dream  of  the 
destiny  of  an  unbroken  Union  touched  and  kindled  his 
imagination.  He  could  hardly  speak  in  public  without 
an  allusion  to  the  grandeur  of  American  nationality, 
and  a  fervent  appeal  to  keep  it  sacred  and  intact.  For 
fifty  years  with  reiteration  ever  more  frequent,  some- 
times with  rich  elaboration,  sometimes  with  brief  and 
simple  allusion,  he  poured  this  message  into  the  ears  of 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  27 

a  listening  people.  His  words  passed  into  the  text 
books  and  became  the  first  declamations  of  school-boys. 
They  were  in  every  one's  mouth.  They  sank  into  the 
hearts  of  the  people,  and  became  unconsciously  a  part 
of  their  life  and  daily  thoughts.  When  the  hour  came, 
it  was  love  for  the  Union  and  the  sentiment  of  nation- 
ality which  nerved-  the  arm  of  the  North  and  sustained 
her  courage.  That  love  had  been  fostered  and  that 
sentiment  had  been  verified  by  the  life  and  words  of 
Webster.  No  one  had  done  so  much  or  had  so  large  a 
share  in  the  momentous  task." 

The  nullification  contest  arose  over  the  issue  of  the 
Tariff;  later,  slavery  became  the  issue.  The  two  issues, 
however,  were  not  wholly  disconnected.  The  North 
demanded  for  the  building  up  of  its  diversified  indus- 
tries a  protective  tariff.  The  South,  depending  on 
slave  labor  for  the  prosecution  of  its  single  industry 
of  agriculture,  demanded  free  trade.  The  North  was 
growing  more  rapidly  than  the  South  and  the  latter  was 
growing  jealous  of  her  loss  of  power.  This  loss  was 
the  more  threatening  because  of  a  growing  anti-slavery 
agitation  at  the  North.  If  the  South  must  give  up  her 
right  to  leave  the  Union,  she  must  find  the  means  to 
maintain  Jier  prestige  in  the  Union.  The  Missouri 
Compromise  line  gave  the  North  the  advantage  in  the 
matter  of  future  growth.  The  necessity  of  the  South 
for  the  protection  of  her  tk  peculiar  institution"  jwas 
more  slave  territory.  This  necessity  led  to  the  formu- 
lation of  the  scheme  for  the  annexation  of  Texas,  and 
to  the  controversy  over  the  extension  of  the  institution 


28  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

of  slavery,  which  grew  up  around  annexation,  the 
repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  and  the  Kansas  and 
Nebraska  legislation,  and  which  raged  with  almost 
unbroken  activity  in  the  two  decades  following  1840. 
In  this  controversy,  on  the  one  side  or  the  other,  the 
sons  of  New  Hampshire  bore  distinguished  part. 

Texas,  a  part  of  Mexico,  had  declared  her  independ- 
ence of  the  mother  country,  and  had  successfully  resisted 
attempts  to  reduce  her  to  subjection.  On  the  declara- 
tion of  her  independence,  Texas  had  established  slavery, 
but  had  prohibited  the  importation  of  negroes  from  all 
parts  of  the  world  excepting  the  United  States.  During 
the  closing  months  of  Mr.  Tyler's  administration  Mr. 
Calhoun,  as  his  Secretary  of  State,  negotiated  a  treaty 
of  annexation.  This  was  done  as  he  frankly  avowed  in 
the  interests  of  the  slave-holding  South  and  for  the 
preservation  and  perpetuation  of  the  institution  of 
slavery.  The  great  mass  of  the  people  of  the  North, 
condemned  and  reprobated  the  agitation  of  the  aboli- 
tionists as  destructive  to  the  peace  and  harmony  of  the 
country,  but  there  was  a  growing  feeling  of  repugnance 
on  the  part  of  this  mass  to  the  extension  of  slavery. 
The  Tyler  administration  was  just  on  the  eve  of  retire- 
ment. The  Democratic  president-elect,  Polk,  was 
understood  to  be  committed  to  the  policy  of  annexation, 
the  feeling  of  party  allegiance  was  strong,  and  support 
of  annexation  in  the  Winter  of  1844-45  becam'e  the 
test  of  party  loyalty.  Here  began  the  fateful  Free-soil 
movement.  The  vote  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
on  the  passage  of  the  resolutions  providing  for  annexa- 


N  A  r  HAN  1 E  C   S  .  B  E  R  P.Y 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire  186!  62 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  2p 

tion  without  recourse  to  the  treaty  making  power  of  the 
government,  which  was  had  on  the  25th  of  January, 
1845,  was  1 20  yeas  to  98  nays.  Of  the  120  yeas,  112 
were  Democratic,  53  from  free  and  59  from  slave  states. 
Of  the  98  nays  but  28  were  Democratic,  all  from  free 
states,  and  one-half  of  them  were  furnished  by  the 
State  of  New  York  alone. 

Among  those  voting  in  the  negative  was  John  P.  Hale 
of  New  Hampshire,  then  serving  his  first  term  in  Con- 
gress. He  was  in  his  39th  year,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
vote  on  the  annexation  resolutions  had  been  nominated 
for  re-election.  Previous  to  the  vote  he  had  proposed  a 
suspension  of  the  rules  in  order  that  he  might  offer  an 
amendment  providing  for  the  division  of  Texas,  before 
any  portion  of  it  was  admitted  to  the  Union,  into  two 
Territories,,  in  one  of  which  slavery  or  involuntary 
servitude  was  prohibited.  When  the  annexation  reso- 
lutions were  passed,  annexation  became  the  party 
shibboleth  of  the  Democracy  and  the  party  leaders  in 
New  Hampshire  determined  to  discipline  Hale.  A  more 
fatal  party  mistake  was  never  made.  The  application 
of  party  discipline  for  opinion's  sake  is  never  safe. 
Hale  was  denounced  as  a  traitor  to  his  party,  a  new 
convention  was  called,  and  another  candidate  nominated, 
the  result  of  the  election  being  that  there  was  no  choice, 
and  for  the  next  two  years  the  district  was  unrepresented 
in  Congress.  The  next  year,  1846,  Hale  was  elected 
by  his  Dover  friends  to  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature, 
was  elected  Speaker,  and  then  United  States  Senator 
for  the  full  term  of  six  years,  as  an  anti-slavery  man,  and 


30  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

when  the  Thirtieth  Congress  met  in  December  1847,  he 
entered  the  Senate,  the  first  pronounced  anti-slavery 
Senator,  to  be  joined  two  years  later  by  Salmon  P. 
Chase  of  Ohio,  another  son  of  New  Hampshire,  these 
two  Senators  becoming  the  nucleus  around  which  the 
radical  anti-slavery  party  in  the  Senate  gathered,  and  to 
which  New  Hampshire  in  the  persons  of  HenryJWilson, 
James  W.  Grimes,  William  Pitt  Fessenden,  Zachariah 
Chandler  and  Daniel  Clark  furnished  certainly  her 
full  quota. 

Hale  became  the  recognized  leader  of  the  Free-Soilers 
throughout  the  country.  He  would  doubtless  have  been 
their  standard  bearer  in  the  presidential  campaign  of 
1848,  had  not  the  party  decided  to  take  advantage  of 
the  Barn-burner  thirst  for  revenge  on  Lewis  Cass,  and 
so  placed  Van  Buren  at  the  head  of  its  ticket,  but  in 
1852  the  Free-Soilers  turned  to  him  as  their  natural 
leader.  The  New  Hampshire  Democracy  blundered 
when  it  attempted  to  discipline  John  Parker  Hale. 

In  the  Senate  the  annexation  resolution  passed  by  a 
vote  of  27  to  25,  but  this  slight  majority  was  secured 
only  by  the  adoption  of  an  amendment  making  negoti- 
ation by  treaty  alternative  with  annexation,  the  method 
to  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  President.  John  A. 
Dix  and  Thomas  H.  Benton  were  hostile  to  the  resolu- 
tions, and  this  amendment  secured  their  votes.  Their 
change  of  attitude  was  brought  about  by  private  assur- 
ances of  the  President-elect  Polk,  made  to  Senator  Dix, 
that  he  would  pursue  the  policy  of  negotiation  by  treaty. 
Before,  however,  James  K,  Polk  became  President, 


FIRST  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE.  3 1 

annexation  was  an  accomplished  fact.  With  annex- 
ation came  the  inevitable  war,  the  result  of  which  was 
not  only  the  acquisition  of  Texas,  but  of  nearly  a  third 
of  the  Republic  of  Mexico  including  California.  Mex- 
ico had  abolished  slavery  so  that  at  the  time  of  this 
acquisition,  the  acquired  territory  was  free.  The  South 
clamored  for  more  slave  territory  :  the  North,  Demo- 
cratic and  Whig,  objected,  and  as  the  war  progressed 
and  it  became  evident  that  the  acquisition  of  an  Empire 
was  to  be  the  result,  the  anti-slavery  feeling  grew. 

When  in  1846  President  Polk  asked  for  an  appro- 
priation to  enable  him  to  acquire  territory  by  treaty, 
and  the  appropriation  bill-  was  on  the  point  of  pas- 
sage through  all  the  stages,  David  Wilmot,  an  anti- 
slavery  Democrat  of  Pennsylvania,  offered  a  proviso, 
to  the  effect  that  an  express  and  fundamental  condition 
of  the  use  of  the  money  appropriated  should  be  that 
slavery  should  never  exist  in  the  territory  thus  acquired. 
This  proviso  the  House  adopted  by  a  nearly  sectional 
vote,  but  the  bill  failed  in  the  Senate.  The  Wilmot 
proviso  was  thenceforward  an  issue  in  politics.  Other 
questions  quickly  sprang  out  of  it,  especially  the  power 
of  Congress  to  legislate  concerning  the  question  of 
slavery  in  the  Territories.  To  avoid  the  force  of  the 
Wilmot  proviso,  this  right  of  Congress  began  to  be 
denied.  A  hint  at  this  denial  is  found  in  a  letter  written 
by  General  Cass,  December  4th,  1847,  in  reply  to 
certain  interrogations  in  view  of  his  prominence  as  a 
candidate  for  the  Democratic  nomination  to  the  Presi- 
dency. In  this  so-called  Nicholson  letter,  he  said  that 


32  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

the  discussion  of  the  Wilmot  proviso  had  convinced  him 
that  "the  principle  it  involves  should  be  kept  out  of  the 
National  Legislature  and  left  to  the  people  of  the  Con- 
federacy in  their  respective  local  governments."  Thus 
it  was  Lewis  Cass,  not  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  who  was 
the  author  of  the  famous  Popular  or  "Squatter"  Sov- 
ereignty Doctrine. 

Following  the  war  came  the  organization  of  the  terri- 
torial governments  of  Oregon  and  New  Mexico  with  the 
inevitable  question  of  free  or  slave  territory.  The 
South  would  have  been  satisfied  with  the  extension  of 
the  Missouri  Compromise  line  of  36  degrees  30  minutes 
through  the  newly  acquired  territory  to  the  Pacific,  and 
this  might,  for  a  time  at  least,  have  settled  the  slavery 
question.  The  Senate  adopted  a  provision  to  this  effect 
in  the  bill  creating  a  Territorial  government  for  Oregon 
in  the  Summer  of  1848,  but  it  was  defeated  in  the 
House  by  a  vote  of  121  to  82,  but  three  members  from 
the  free  States  voting  with  the  minority.  This  was  a 
giving  notice  on  the  part  of  the  North  that  it  would 
consent  to  no  division  with  slavery  of  the  hitherto  free 
territories  which  had  been  acquired  from  Mexico.  But 
the  giving  to  the  Territories  recently  acquired  from 
Mexico  civil  instead  of  military  government  was  a 
matter  of  necessity.  This  was  all  the  more  imperative 
since  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California  rendered  its 
speedy  colonization  inevitable.  The  slave  power  was 
determined  that  a  portion,  at  least,  of  this  new  Territory 
should  be  open  to  slavery :  the  Free-Soilers  equally 
determined  that  it  should  all  remain  free.  The  whole 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  3  3 

slavery  controversy  was  opened,  threats  of  disunion  were 
rife,  California,  with  a  constitution  expressly  prohibiting 
slavery,  was  knocking  at  the  doors  of  Congress  for 
admission  to  the  Union,  and  in  January  1850,  Mr.  Clay 
proposed  a  series  of  resolutions  suggesting  a  basis  of 
compromise  of  all  differences  relating  to  the  Territories 
and  to  slavery.  This  embraced  the  admission  of  Cali- 
fornia ;  the  organization  of  Territorial  governments  for 
the  remainder  of  the  recent  Mexican  Territory  with- 
out any  restriction  or  condition  on  the  subject  of  slavery  ; 
the  declaration  that  it  was  inexpedient  to  abolish  slavery 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  that  it  was  expedient  to 
abolish  the  slave  trade  in  that  district ;  the  enactment 
of  a  more  stringent  fugitive  slave  law,  and  the  declara- 
tion that  Congress  had  no  power  to  prohibit  or  obstruct 
the  trade  in  slaves  between  the  slaveholding  States. 
These  compromise  propositions  opened  the  flood  gates 
of  debate.  Webster  joined  with  Clay  in  his  efforts  to 
secure  compromise  and  on  the  7th  of  March  made  the 
famous  speech  which  aroused  such  indignation  on  the 
part  of  the  Free-Soilers  throughout  the  North,  but 
which  subsequent  events  proved  to  have  been  inspired 
not  only  by  a  devotion  to  the  Union,  but  by  a  wise  and 
far  sighted  statesmanship. 

On  the  i pth  of  April  the  whole  subject  was  referred 
to  a  select  committee  of  thirteen  of  which  Clay  was 
chairman,  and  of  which  Webster  and  Cass  were  mem- 
bers. The  outcome  was  the  enactment  by  Congress  of 
a  series  of  measures  known  as  the  Compromise 
Measures  of  1850.  California  was  admitted  a  free 


34  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

State,  after  an  effort  had  been  defeated  to  cut  off  all  her 
territory  South  of  36  degrees  30  minutes  ;  territorial 
governments  were  given  Utah  and  New  Mexico,  with 
the  Wilmot  proviso  omitted ;  the  Northern  boundary  of 
Texas  was  defined ;  a  stringent  fugitive  slave-law  was  - 
enacted,  and  the  slave  trade  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
was  prohibited  under  heavy  penalties.  Democrats  and 
Whigs  united  at  the  last  in  pressing  these  measures  to  a 
conclusion,  but  they  were  vigorously  resisted  by  the 
Free-Soil  element,  of  which  John  P.  Hale  and  Salmon 
P.  Chase  were  the  recognized  leaders. 

The  compromise  measures  passed,  the  country 
breathed  freer.  The  slavery  question  was  at  last 
settled.  In  the  presidential  campaign  of  1852  both 
Democratic  and  Whig  National  Conventions  insisted 
that  the  compromise  measures  were  a  finality,  and  that 
the  slavery  question  must  not  be  opened.  New  Hamp- 
shire this  year  furnished  two  of  the  presidential  candi- 
dates, Franklin  Pierce  and  John  P.  Hale.  The  result 
was  the  over-whelming  election  of  Pierce,  and  a  most 
emphatic  popular  verdict  against  slavery  agitation  and 
in  favor  of  the  maintenance  of  the  compromise  of  1850. 
The  quiet  that  followed  the  enactment  of  these  meas- 
ures was  only  the  lull  before  a  more  furious  storm.  In 
his  inaugural,  President  Pierce  was  emphatic  in  his  com- 
mendation of  the  compromise,  and  in  his  annual  mes- 
sage in  December  1853,  alluding  to  the  acquiescence  of 
the  country  in  these  measures  and  the  repose  from  strife 
which  such  acquiescence  had  brought,  he  said  :  "That 
this  repose  is  to  suffer  no  shock  during  my  official  term, 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  35 

if  I  have  power  to  avert  it,  those  who  placed  me  here 
may  be  assured."  In  less  than  one  month,  however, 
the  fire-brand  was  introduced  in  the  shape  of  a  bill  "to 
organize  the  Territory  of  Nebraska,"  favorably  reported 
by  the  Senate  Committee  on  Territories  of  which  Mr. 
Douglas  was  chairman,  which  report  affirmed  that  the 
Compromise  measures  of  1850  rested  upon  the  following, 
among  other  propositions  :  "  That  all  questions  pertain- 
ing to  slavery  in  the  territories,  and  the  new  States  to 
be  formed  therefrom,  are  to  be  left  to  the  decision  of 
the  people  residing  therein,  by  their  appropriate  repre- 
sentatives, to  be  chosen  by  them  for  that  purpose."  This 
was  a  hint  of  wrhat  was  to  follow,  viz.,  the  repeal  of  the 
Missouri  Compromise  act  of  1820,  by  which  all  terri- 
tory North  of  36  degrees  30  minutes  was  consecrated  to 
freedom.  On  the  24th  of  May  1854  tnat  repeal  was 
accomplished,  in  spite  of  the  opposition  of  the  Free- 
Soilers  and  Northern  Whigs  and  Democrats  who  wrere 
opposed  to  the  extension  of  Slavery.  Of  the  fourteen 
votes  cast  against  the  repeal  in  the  Senate  two  were 
given  by  sons  of  New  Hampshire,  William  Pitt  Fessen- 
den  of  Maine,  and  Salmon  P.  Chase  of  Ohio ;  both  the 
New  Hampshire  Senators,  Messrs.  Norris  and  Williams 
and  Lewis  Cass  of  Michigan  were  among  the  thirty- 
seven  voting  in  its  favor,  and  the  signature  of  Franklin 
Pierce  made  it  the  law  of  the  land. 

The  struggle  for  the  possession  of  Kansas  began,  and 
the  battle  which  was  to  be  fought  to  a  finish  between 
freedom  and  slavery  now  began  with  a  vigor  intensified 
by  the  brief  truce  that  had  been  won  by  the  compromise 


3  6  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

measures  of  1850.  The  Kansas  struggle,  the  crystali- 
zation  of  the  anti-slavery  sentiment,  the  formation  of 
the  Republican  party,  the  breaking  up  of  the  Whig 
organization,  the  Anti-Nebraska  secession  from  the 
ranks  of  the  Democracy,  the  Dred  Scott  decision,  the 
breaking  up  of  the  Democratic  National  Convention  at 
Charleston  in  1860,  were  only  features  of  a  single  cam- 
paign which  culminated  in  November,  1860,  in  the 
election  of  Abraham  Lincoln  to  the  presidency,  the 
secession  ordinances  of  the  Winter  of  1860-61,  the  firing 
on  Sumpter,  and  war. 

It  is  difficult  to  over-estimate  the  influence  of  the  larg- 

O 

er  New  Hampshire  during  this  troubulous  and  fateful 
six  years.  On  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  during 
the  latter  portion  of  the  period  was  Nathan  Clifford  of 
Maine,  a  native  of  Rumney.  In  the  Senate  were  Wil- 
liam Pitt  Fessenden,  a  native  of  Boscawen  ;  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  a  native  of  Cornish  and  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  ; 
Henry  Wilson,  a  native  of  Farmington ;  James  W. 
Grimes,  a  native  of  Deering  and  a  son  of  Dartmouth  ; 
Zachariah  Chandler,  a  native  of  Bedford.  At  the  head 
of  the  Department  of  State  for  the  four  last  of  these  years 
was  Lewis  Cass,  while  in  the  House  of  Representatives 
New  Hampshire  made  her  influence  felt  not  only  in  the 
persons  of  her  more  prominent  members  like  Harry 
Hibbard,  George  W.  Morrison,  Aaron  H.  Cragin,  Ma- 
son W.  Tappan  and  Gilman  Marston,  but  in  the  person 
of  her  sons  whom  other  States  had  honored  with  seats 
in  the  National  Legislature.  John  P.  Hale  returned  to 
the  Senate  with  James  Bell  for  a  colleague,  who  was 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE.  3  7 

succeeded  at  his  death  by  Daniel  Clark.  It  is  no  dis- 
paragement to  succeeding  Senators  to  say,  that  at  no 
period  since  has  New  Hampshire  influence  in  the  Senate 
been  greater  than  when  Hale  and  Clark  occupied  her 
seats.  During  all  this  period  Horace  Greeley,  a  native 
of  Amherst,  was  making  the  New  York  Tribune  such  a 
political  factor  throughout  the  North,  as  Isaac  Hill  had 
made  years  before  of  the 'New  Hampshire  Patriot  in  the 
politics  of  that  State.  No  list  of  the  eminent  sons  of 
the  Granite  State  would  be  complete  in  which  the  name 
of  Horace  Greeley  did  not  find  honorable  place.  That 
he  aspired  to  the  Presidency,  if  a  weakness,  was  the 
weakness  of  a  great  man. 

In  the  list  of  names  found  in  this  chapter,  that  of  one 
President  and  one  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  ap- 
pear. Cass  and  Greeley  were  each  made  the  National 
Democratic  standard  bearers  in  notable  Presidential  cam- 
paigns. Hale  led  the  Free-Soil  forlorn  hope  in  1852. 
Chase  was  Chief  Justice,  as  were  Woodbury  and  Clifford 
Associate  Justices,  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  of  the  great 
triumvirate  of  American  statesmen,  Webster  was  chief.  In 
the  heat  of  partisan  strife  bitter  things  have  been  said  of 
all  these  distinguished  sons  of  New  Hampshire,  who  were 
in  the  fore-front  during  the  three  decades  from  1831  to 
1861 ,  but  it  can  never  be  truthfully  said  of  any  one  of  them 
that  he  failed  in  patriotism  or  in  devotion  to  the  right  as 
he  saw  the  right.  The  country  owes  Ne\v  Hampshire  a 
debt  for  the  distinguished,  patriotic,  statesmanlike  service 
of  her  sons,  a  service  which,  without  exaggeration  it  may 
be  said,  no  other  Commonwealth  can  successfully  rival. 


III. 

THE  POLITICAL  SITUATION    AT    THE    OUTBREAK    OF    THE 
WAR.  . 

The  history  of  the  early  period  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  would  be  incomplete  and  misleading,  without 
some  explanation  of  the  attitude  of  the  people  towards 
the  war  policy  of  the  administration  from  a  political 
stand-point. 

The  country  had  just  passed  through  one  of  the  most 
heated  presidential  campaigns  in  its  history.  The 
Democratic  National  Convention  assembled  at  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.,  the  cradle  of  the  Rebellion.  A  boisterous 
session  resulted  in  the  irreconcilable  division  of  the 
delegates  on  sectional  issues  which  no  compromise 
could  suppress.  The  extreme  element  among  the 
Southern  delegations  withdrew. 

Those  remaining  in  the  Convention  from  both  sections 
were  a  majority  of  it  and  adjourned  to  Baltimore. 
The  seceeding  party  subsequently  organized  a  Conven- 
tion at  Richmond,  Va.,  which  nominated  Breckenridge 
and  Lane,  while  the  other  part  held  the  Baltimore  Con- 
vention, which  placed  Douglas  and  Johnson  in  nom- 
ination. 

Still  another  Convention,  held  at  Baltimore,  nom- 
inated John  Bell  for  President  and  Edward  Everett  for 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  3  9 

Vice  President.  This  was  styled  the  Constitutional 
Union  Party,  and  it  eventually  carried  the  electoral 
vote  of  the  three  States  of  Tennessee,  Virginia  and 
Kentucky.  All  party  lines  were  thus  sharply  drawn. 
Intense  and  often  acrimonious  feelings  prevailed. 

The  election  of  Abraham  Lincoln  was  a  result  that 
the  South  must  have  foreseen  would  follow  from  the 
division  of  the  Democracy. 

The  popular  vote  of  Lincoln's  presidential  antago- 
nists would  be  in  about  the  proportion  of  14,  9  and  6, 
for  Douglas,  Breckenridge  and  Bell,  respectively. 
United,  this  would  have  been  a  large  popular  majority. 

In  the  nine  strictly  Southern  States,  beginning  with 
North  Carolina,  Breckenridge  had  the  fullest  support ; 
in  the  Border  States,  Bell,  and  in  the  Northern  States, 
Douglas,  with  the  exception  that  Breckenridge  carried 
Maryland  and  Delaware,  and  Douglas,  Missouri. 

The  heavy  vote  for  Bell  in  the  Southern  and  Border 
States  demonstrates  that  the  people  were  far  from  solid 
for  the  Democracy,  as  represented  by  Breckenridge 
and  his  leading  supporters.  That  element,  though 
regarded  by  many  authorities  as  representing  only  a 
minority,  nevertheless  succeeded  in  controlling  events 
and  wheeled  eleven  States  into  the  slough  of  secession, 
in  the  supposed  interest  of  the  institution  of  slavery. 
For  all  this  they  had  no  substantial  cause  in  fact,  and 
for  a  pretext  for  actual  disunion  they  could  only  point 
to  what  they  assumed  to  fear  might  result  from  the 
accession  of  the  Lincoln  administration,  and  the 
ascendency  of  his  party.  They  had  been  defiant  and 


40  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

successful  in  the  disruption  of  the  Democratic  party. 
This  sort  of  success,  however,  would  be  their  own 
destruction  unless  they  could  also  dissever  the  union  of 
the  States.  To  this  end  all  their  skill  and  energies 
were  turned  as  they  became  assured  of  the  inevitable 
result  of  the  general  election  of  1860. 

Party  ties  are  not  easily  sundered,  but  neither  the 
Douglas  nor  the  Bell  Democracy  was  now  under  any 
political  obligation  to  the  South  as  a  sectional  force 
controllecf  by  the  so-called  "  fire  eaters." 

The  sentiment  of  the  Republican  party  had  naturally 
become  intense  for  the  Union,  although  some  very 
wild  theories,  tending  in  the  opposite  direction,  had 
been  proclaimed  by  agitators  who  were  brought  into 
the  party  by  the  logic  of  events.  Under  the  lead  of 
Douglas  the  great  mass  of  the  Northern  Democracy, 
smarting  under  the  disappointment  of  political  defeat, 
for  which  the  extremists  of  the  South  were  avowedly 
responsible,  gave  such  adhesion  to  the  common  cause 
that  the  eventual  triumph  of  a  united  North  was 
assured.  This,  as  was  to  be  expected,  was  not  accom- 
plished without  occasional  manifestations  of  secession 
sympathies,  even  as  far  north  as  New  Hampshire. 

Happily  such  unpatriotic  ebullitions  of  political  dis- 
appointment or  actual  disloyalty  were  the  exceptions, 
and,  in  the  period  of  the  beginning  of  the  War,  were 
not  sufficient  materially  to  disturb  the  enthusiastic  and 
practically  unanimous  determination  of  the  people  to 
maintain  the  Union  of  the  fathers.  As  compared  with 
the  Tory  sentiment  of  the  Revolution  and  the  wide- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  4! 

spread  opposition  to  the  War  of  1812,  and  the  War  with 
Mexico,  the  Northern  disloyalists  at  this  period,  while 
no  more  rancorous  in  sentiment,  were  numerically  far 
more  insignificant. 

The  position  taken  in  this  crisis  by  most  of  the  great 
men  of  the  Democracy,  if  opposed  to  party  tradition 
and  the  precedents  of  history,  was  the  more  commend- 
able. It  was  certainly  timely  and  indispensable. 

General  Garfield  once  remarked  that  Kentucky, 
which  cast  less  than  fourteen  hundred  votes  for  Lincoln 
in  1860,  contributed  more  men  to  the  Union  Army  than 
Wellington  commanded  at  Waterloo. 

o 

Without  treating  in  detail  of  later  conditions  which 
resulted  from  changes  in  party  leadership,  new  allign- 
ments  of  parties,  the  development  of  inevitable,  but, 
at  the  outset,  unexpected  policies  with  reference  to  the 
negro  question,  the  necessities  of  the  government  in 
men,  money  and  material  and  the  general  conduct  of 
the  War  in  this  retrospect  of  the  history  of  its  beginning 
as  it  was  manifested  in  the  opinion  of  the  people  of 
New  Hampshire,  we  may  well  permit  the  ebullition  of 
the  unspent  passions  of  other  conflicts  to  sink  into 
oblivion.  Without  questioning  the  patriotism  or  sincer- 
ity of  motives,  the  facts  must  be  admitted  that  a  com- 
parative few  maintained  an  open  opposition  to  the  policy 
of  the  administration  throughout  the  War,  and  that  a 
much  larger  number,  by  the  pressure  of  public  senti- 
ment, suppressed  convictions  opposed  to  the  War  and 
rendered  much  efficient  aid  in  its  prosecution  ;  so  that  a 
rational  and  patriotic  judgment  prevailed. 


4  2  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIPE. 

Thus,  with  the  exceptions  named,  the  great  mass  of 
the  Democracy,  with  an  intelligent  view  of  the  dangers 
that  threatened  the  government,  came  up  grandly  to  the 
support  of  the  administration  in  its  war  policy.  Their 
views  of  the  policy  of  the  Republican  party,  which  they 
considered  the  responsible  cause  of  the  War,  were  not 
relinquished,  but  reserved  for  settlement  in  a  more 
peaceful  manner.  They  acted  on  the  principle  that  the 
most  imminent  danger  must  first  be  averted. 

The  government,  by  whatever  party  represented, 
must  be  preserved,  and  they  rallied  around  the  old  flag 
with  an  enthusiasm  unsurpassed  by  any  class  of  citizens. 

It  was  the  sublimest  victory  of  true  patriotism  over 
party  spirit  and  prejudice  on  the  records  of  history.  It 
was  a  demonstration  of  the  fact  that  "  true  patriotism 
never  dies."  Either  at  home  or  in  the  field,  under  the 
"straps"  or  in  the  ranks,  these  men  won  golden 
opinions  for  their  patriotic  devotion  and  bravery. 
Today  a  grateful  nation  is  proud  of  those  men  who  are 
known  as  "  war  democrats." 

The  noble  and  unselfish  position  which  was  taken 
early  in  the  conflict  by  such  men  as  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las and  Benjamin  F.  Butler  did  much  to  allay  passion, 
quiet  opposition  and  harmonize  differences.  .  Two  of 
the  Field  and  Staff  of  the  First  Regiment,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Thomas  J.  Whipple  and  Paymaster  Moses  K. 
Hazelton  were  pronounced  Democrats,  and  many 
officers  from  New  Hampshire,  who  distinguished  them- 
selves on  the  field,  and  a  very  generous  percentage  of 
the  rank  and  file,  were  of  the  same  party. 


CHAPTER   IV. 

THE    UPRISING    OF    THE     PEOPLE. 

"  If  the  shot  fired  at  Fort  Sumpter  was  heard  around 
the  world,  the  call  of  the  President  for  75,000  men  was 
heard  throughout  the  Northern  States.  There  was  not 
a  State  in  the  North  of  a  million  of  inhabitants  that 
would  not  have  furnished  the  entire  number  faster  than 
arms  could  have  been  supplied  to  them  if  it  had  been 
necessary."  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant. 

This  statement  from  one  so  well  qualified  to  judge," 
expresses  the  sentiment  that  so  mightily  thrilled  the 
heart  of  the  North  when  the  tidings  from  Sumpter  flew 
on  the  wings  of  electricity  to  every  extreme  of  the 
Nation.  It  was  in  marked  contrast  with  that  of  Lord 
John  Russell,  who,  on  hearing  the  tidings,  walked 
haughtily  into  the  House  of  Commons,  and  looking 
around  for  a  moment  upon  his  compeers,  exclaimed  : 
"  Well,  gentlemen,  the  American  bubble  has  burst  at 
last." 

Having  paid  our  compliments  to  the  greatest  General 
of  the  age  and  the  great  British  Lord,  it  is  well  to 
present  a  brief  resume  of  the  great  conflict  through 
which  the  country  so  successfully  passed.  This  conflict 
was  not  one  of  arms  or  political  sentiment  or  sectional 
interest  alone.  It  turned  indeed  upon  the  point  of 


44 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 


American    Slavery.       That,    however,    was    only    the 
accident  of  the  grand  underlying  principles. 

The  diversity  of  character,  temperament,  education, 
habits  and  aims  of  the  colonies  that  settled  the  South 
and  the  North,  with  the  difference  of  climate  and  sur- 
roundings, necessarily  developed  different  theories  of 
social  order  and  civil  government — the  one  tending  to 
aristocracy,  the  other  to  the  largest  liberty.  Hence  the 


THE  UPRISING  OF  THE  PEOPLE. 


one  sought  to  make' slavery  the  corner  stone  of  the^civil 
and  social  compact,  while  the  other  sought  to  build  upon 
the  broad  foundation  that  "All  men  are  created  equal 
and  endowed  with  certain  inalienable  rights  among 
which  are  life,  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness." 
The  one  perpetuated  and  fortified  the  institution  ;  the 
other  let  it  fall  into  decay  and  at  an  early  day,  abolished 
it  entirely. 


FIRS T  NEW  HA MPSHIRE.  45 

These  two  fundamental  principles,  diametrically 
opposed,  utterly  irreconcilable,  growing  up  under  the 
same  national  flag,  must  sooner  or  later  come  in  conflict 
and  the  issue  reveal  the  victor. 

The  impending  crisis  was  seen  from  afar  and  the 
mightiest  intellects  of  the  nation,  of  all  parties,  gener- 
ously threw  themselves  into  the  breach  with  noble 
endeavor,  by  overtures  and  compromises,  which,  at 
times,  involved  even  principle,  to  avert  the  catastrophe. 
All  in  vain.  They  found  their  political  graves 
where  they  made  their  offerings.  The  breach  was 
widened  by  every  effort  at  reconciliation.  Such  is  the 
natural  history  of  every  compromise  of  truth  and  right 
and  justice  laid  upon  the  altar  of  peace.  "First,  pure, 
then,  peaceable" — is  not  only  the  law  of  the  gospel,  but, 
as  well,  the  unchangeable  law  that  underlies  the  univer- 
sal government  of  God.  For  the  greater  part  of  the 
blood  and  treasure  sacrificed  in  America's  great  civil 
conflict,  are  the  previous  compromises  with  slavery 
responsible.  Had  there  been  at  every  stage  of  our 
history  a  General  Jackson  to  swear  by  the  Great 
Eternal  that  he  would  hang  every  traitor  as  high  as 
Haman,  America's  great  woe  might  have  been  averted. 

The  result  of  all  these  compromises  in  the  past  was 
only  a  question  of  time,  and  that  time  was  filled  up  with 
preparation.  Every  political  measure,  every  conflict 
for  Territory,  every  general  and  local  election  developed 
on  either  side  the  spirit  of  the  contestants  and  consoli- 
dated the  parties.  Such  men  as  Calhoun  and  Mason 
and  Butler  of  South  Carolina,  personated  the  one, 


46  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Sumner  and  Giddings  and  Wilson  and  John  Quincy 
Adams,  the  other.  Around  these  stalwart  me.n  were 
gathered  their  retainers  and  through  them  were  taught 
and  trained  the  masses — educated  to  the  sublime  sacri- 
fice yet  to  be  demanded  by  the  love  of  State  and 
country. 

More — The  almost  fabulous  march  of  invention 
released  the  hands  of  the  young  men,  enabled  them  to 
respond  to  their  country's  call  without  detriment  to  the 
nation's  industries  and  rendered  the  deft  fingers  of  our 
noble  women — God  bless  them  ! — the  magic  wand  at 
whose  touch  fibers  sprang  into  fabrics  and  fabrics  into 
garments  for  millions  6f  soldiers. 

Discovery  made  lightning  the  bearer  of  despatches 
and  steam  the  bearer  of  burdens,  thus  bringing  our  vast 
domain  within  the  limits  of  a  single  battle-field. 

Simultaneously  with  these  our  American  Ophir 
opened  her  boundless  treasures  and  furnished  the 
sinews  of  war. 

The  preparations  were  complete.  The  fullness  of 
time  had  come.  The  first  gun  fired  on  Sumpter  dissi- 
pated the  last  hope  of  averting  the  calamity  and  aroused 
the  people  to  a  just  appreciation  of  the  struggle  before 
them. 

For  a  brief  space  they  were  bewildered  and  terror- 
stricken.  Painful  suspense  prevailed.  Will  the  pat- 
riotism of  the  people  which,  for  a  long  time,  has  had  no 
crucial  test,  meet  the  emergency?  awakened  intense 
solicitude.  This  was  followed  by  another  question  no 
less  important.  Will  party  prejudices  be  subservient  to 


GOVERNOR  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  1865-66. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  47 

patriotic  harmony?  It  was  but  natural  that  the  sym- 
pathies of  the  Democratic  party,  which  had  ever  been  in 
harmony  with  the  South  in  political  struggles,  should 
go  with  the  South  in  the  approaching  conflict.  The 
suspense,  however,  was  brief,  true  patriotism  never  dies, 
and  it  needed  but  a  single  assault  upon  the  Old  Flag  to 
arouse  its  spirit  to  white  heat.  The  flag  must  be  re- 
spected and  defended.  All  other  questions  were  nobly 
reserved  for  settlement  in  a  more  peaceful  manner. 
Virtually  it  was  a  solid  North  against  a  solid  South. 
The  obdurate  element  was  awed  to  comparative  silence, 
and  over  the  hill-tops,  along  the  valleys  and  across  the 
broad  prairies,  echoed  with  loyal  huzzas  the  battle-cry 
of  Marsailaise  : 

"To  arms,  to  arms  ye  brave, 

The  patriot's  sword  unsheath  ! 

March  on  !  march  on  !  all  hearts  resolved 

Oh  victory  or  death." 

Never  in  the  annals  of  the  past  has  the  uprising  of 
the  people  been  excelled  if  equaled.  Never  a  more 
sublime  illustration  of  the  historic  fact  that  no  valuable 
end  is  attained  without  corresponding  sacrifice. 

The  countless  blessings  of  a  free  government  perpet- 
uated to  generations  yet  unborn,  but  approximates  the 
measure  of  the  sacrifice  the  people  laid  upon  the  altar. 
The  treasure  involved,  though  great,  is  unworthy  of 
comment.  Figures  tell  the  startling  facts  that  2,688,523 
were  enlisted  into  the  national  service  during  the  war. 

O 

Of  this  number  about  1,500,000  participated  in  the 
various  conflicts.  Of  this  number  56,000  fell  dead  upon 


48  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

the  field  of  battle.  Add  to  these  the  35,000  who  died 
in  hospitals  of  wounds,  and  184,000  who  died  of  disease 
and  who  perished  in  rebel  prisons,  and  we  have  the 
grand  aggregate  of  about  300,000  whose  lives  were 
given  as  the  price  of  victory. 

But  figures  are  inadequate  testimony.  Had  this  great 
hecatomb  been  made  up  of  the  mercenary  and  worthless 
alone,  the  sacrifice  would  have  been  less  painful.  The 
atonement  was  incomplete  until  victims  were  taken  from 
among  the  brightest  ornaments  of  society,  and  the  altar 
smoked  with  the  blood  of  him  whose  name  is  a  synonym 
for  all  those  virtues  which  loyal  people  love  and  revere 
in  their  Chief  Executive — Abraham  Lincoln. 

Nor  yet  have  we  compassed  the  magnitude  of  this 
sublime  sacrifice.  To  know  all  we  must  witness  the 
parting  struggles  all  over  the  land, — the  mother,  the 
wife,  the  sister  or  the  betrothed  leaning  heavily  upon 
the  neck  of  the  soldier,  equipped  for  the  "fray — see  the 
scalding  tears,  hear  the  groans  of  anguish,  feel  the 
throbbing  of  hearts  and  then  follow  each  as  they  sepa- 
rate, the  one  to  days  and  nights  of  fearful  suspense  and 
anxiety  ;  the  other  to  pine  for  the  tender  care  of  former 
days — to  the  rebel  prisons  to  endure  worse  than  a  hun- 
dred deaths,  to  an  unknown  grave,  or  tg  be  borne  back 
in  his  coffin  to  the  loved  ones  at  home  to  consummate 
the  grief  of  broken  hearts. 

We  must  visit  the  cities  of  the  dead  at  Washington, 
at  Arlington,  at  Gettysburg.  We  must  walk  amidst  the 
dead  and  dying  on  the  field  of  battle — look  into  the 
trenches  where  our  soldiers  were  buried — gaze  upon  the 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  49 

horrors  of  Anderson ville  and  Salsbury  and  Libby.  We 
must  count  up  the  empty  sleeves  and  the  mangled  forms 
which  have  not  even  yet  disappeared  from  the  walks  of 
men.  We  must  visit  the  homes  made  desolate  by  the 
red  hand  of  war,  and  commune  writh  hearts  more 
desolute  than  their  homes.  We  must  search  out  the 
once  full  and  joyous  family  circles,  now  narrowed,  per- 
haps annihilated,  leaving  wife  and  mother  in  her  soli- 
tary grief  or  to  die  of  a  broken  heart. 

The  greatest  sacrifice  of  all  is  beyond  the  power  of 
computation — the  invisible,  unuttered,  unutterable  agony 
of  soul,  the  pain  that  shoots  like  a  barbed  arrow 
through  the  heart  at  every  thought  of  the  lost  ones. 
Such  is  the  stupendous  price  that  has  been  paid  for  the 
peerless  liberties  enjoyed  today. 

'Such  was  the  emergency  the  loyal  people  of  the 
North  were  called  upon  to  meet,  and  the  alacrity  and 
zeal  with  which  they  met  it  will  ever  remain  as  one  of 
the  brightest  pages  in  American  history. 

New  Hampshire,  though  she  may  not  have  responded 
to  the  call  as  quickly  as  some  of  her  sister  States,  has 
a  record  in  this  epoch  of  which  she  need  not  be 
ashamed.  Her  commissioned  officers  during  the  war 
numbered  1601  ;  the  enlisted  men,  recruits  and  substi- 
tutes numbered  31,149  making  a  grand  total  of  32,750 
out  of  a  population  of  less  than  330,000,  or  about  ten 
per  cent,  of  the  entire  population. 

The  ready  response  of  New  Hampshire  to  the  Presi- 
dent's first  call  for  troops  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
though  she  had  no  organized  militia,  like  Massachu- 


5O  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

setts,  which  could  be  placed  immediately  under  the 
orders  of  the  War  Department,  enlisted,  between  April 
17  and  April  30,  no  less  than  2004,  the  balance  of 
whom,  after  organizing  the  ist  Regiment  of  three 
months'  troops,  were  sent  to  Portsmouth,  where  496  of 
the  number  immediately  re-enlisted  for  three  years,  or 
during  the  war. 

The  patriotic  sentiment  of  New  Hampshire  is 
"  evinced  by  such  facts  as  that  she  sent  two  regiments  to 
the  front  two  months  before  the  Legislature  could  meet, 
with  funds  offered  by  banks  and  citizens."  It  would  be 
very  naturally  the  case  that  this  number  of  the  first 
enlistments  should  contain  some  of  the  undesirable  ele- 
ments of  society,  but  the  percentage  of  this  class  was 
much  smaller  than  one  would  suppose.  In  large  pre- 
ponderance the  First  Regiment  was  made  up  of  the 
stalwart,  steady-going  and  industrious  young  men  of 
New  Hampshire — the  farmers  and  mechanics,  the  mer- 
chants and  clerks,  and  the  common  laborers.  The 
average  age  of  the  Field  and  Staff  officers  of  the  First 
Regiment  was  36.  That  of  the  ranks  was  24.  To- 
gether they  averaged  30.  This,  though  not  exact,  is 
very  nearly  correct.  Among  them  there  was  a  gener- 
ous sprinkling  of  educated  and  professional  men.  All 
class  distinctions  were  ignored.  At  the  call  of  the 
country  all  implements  of  industry  were  dropped  where 
they  were  used,  urider  the  conviction  that  the  blessings 
of  home  and  society  and  business  were  secure  only  as 
the  Government  was  sustained,  and  common  cause  was 
made  against  the  common  enemy. 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  5 1 

There  were  very  few  localities  where  these  senti- 
ments did  not  enthuse  all  classes, — men,  women  and 
children.  Processions  promenaded  the  streets  singing 
patriotic  songs ;  mass  meetings  assembled,  speeches 
were  made,  resolutions  passed,  badges  and  flags  were 
seen  everywhere,  banks  opened  their  vaults  for  the 
immediate  wants  of  Government,  bells  rang,  ministers 
preached  and  Christians  prayed ;  enlistments  were 
solicited,  challenged  and  made.  The  women  gathered 
together  to  make  articles  of  utility  and  comfort  for  the 
boys. 

So  unanimous  in  favor  of  armed  resistance,  was  the 
sentiment  of  the  people  in  this  crisis,  that  those  who 
had  alwrays  been  strenuous  advocates  of  peace  and  non- 
resistance,  embracing  even  the  Quakers,  held  in  abey- 
ance, for  the  time  being,  their  peculiar  sentiments  and 
either  joined  actively  in  the  preparations  for  war,  or 
maintained  a  significant  silence.  This  fact  was  very 
pleasantly  illustrated  when  the  Chaplain  made  his  fare- 
well visit  to  his  brother  who  had  always  been  a  very 
enthusiastic  'peace  man,'  and  who  said  to  him,  as  they 
parted,  '  now  brother  don't  you  shoot  anybody  !'  '  Shoot 
anybody  !'  the  Chaplain  replied,  'what  would  you  do  if 
you  had  a  good  bead  on  JefF  Davis?'  '  O,'  he  replied, 
'  I  wouldn't  hurt  a  hair  of  his  head, — but  if  you  want 
to  shoot  I'll  hold  your  hat.' 

But  there  were  scenes  of  sadness  connected  with  this 
wonderful  uprising  of  the  people.  The  generation  that 
has  grown  up  since  peace  was  declared  can  have  but 
the  faintest  conception  of  the  domestic  scenes  that 


5  2  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

occurred  in  a  large  proportion  of  New  Hampshire 
homes — the  wife  with  her  dependent  flock  of  little  ones 
bidding  what  seemed  a  final  farewell  to  the  husband 
and  father,  Spartan  mothers  with  tearful  eyes  and 
trembling  lips  saying,  "Go,  my  son  and  return  with 
your  shield  or  on  your  shield,"  sisters  reluctantly  yield- 


FORT  SUMPTER  BEFORE  BOMBARDMENT. 

ing  the  last  affectionate  embrace,  fair  maidens  pledging 
affectionate  fidelity  to  their  betrothed,  or  perhaps  sealing 
love's  pledges  before  the  hymeneal  altar — every  where 
was  witnessed  that  strange  mingling  of  cheerful  yet 
painful  emotions  which  evinces  the  highest  type  of 
patriotic  sentiment. 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE.  5  3 

Though  more  noticeable  in  the  cities  and  villages, 
there  were  but  few  communities  in  the  State  where 
demonstrations  and  scenes  like  these  were  not  enacted. 

Carefully  prepared  reports  from  a  few  localities  of 
the  State  will  aid  the  reader  in  conceiving  the  enthu- 
siasm that  every  where  prevailed. 


y 

The  following  is  from  the  pen  of  John  R.  Ham,  M.  ; 
D.,  Dover : 

"Intelligence  of  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumpter  to 
the  rebel  guns  of  South  Carolina  was  received  in  Dover 
on  Sunday,  Apr.  14,  1861,  by  telegraphic  despatches, 
and  full  details  of  the  capitulation  on  Monday,  the  i5th, 
with  a  proclamation  from  President  Lincoln  calling  for 
75,000  volunteers  to  suppress  the  insurrection,  and 
maintain  the  honor,  the  integrity  and  the  existence  of 
our  National  Union." 

On  Monday  evening,  the  citizens  of  Dover,  without 
distinction  of  party,  and  almost  without  notice,  assem- 
bled at  the  City  Hall,  to  take  action  in  relation  to  the 
condition  of  the  country  and  make  the  necessary 
arrangements  for  responding  to  the  call  of  the  Chief 
Magistrate  of  the  Nation. 

The  meeting  was  organized  by  the  choice  of  the  fol- 
lowing officers  : 

President,  Hon.  Alphonso  Bickford,  Mayor;  Vice 
Presidents,  Joseph  H.  Smith,  Daniel  M.  Christie,  Sam- 
uel M.  Wheeler,  Thomas  J.  Smith,  Jeremiah  Home, 
Thomas  E.  Sawyer,  Charles  W.  Woodman,  Daniel 


54  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Osborne,   George  D.   Vittum,   S.  Wallingford ;  Secre- 
taries, Andrew  C.  Chesley,  Hiram  Rollins. 

Mayor  Bickford,  on  taking  the  chair,  stated  the 
object  of  the  meeting,  and  Charles  W.  Woodman,  after 
a  few  pertinent  remarks,  offered  the  following  resolu- 
tions : 

Whereas,  the  authority  of  the  Federal  Government  of 
the  United  States  has  been  denied,  the  flag  of  the 
country  fired  upon,  and  the  forts,  arsenals,  and  other 
public  property  seized,  and  a  series  of  outrages,  and 
wrongs  perpetrated  for  months  upon  the  government, 
whose  forbearance  has  been  received  as  a  proof  of 
pusillanimity,  till  open  war  has  been  wantonly  and 
causelessly  waged  upon  the  government  and  people  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  President  has  been  forced  to 
appeal  to  the  people  to  maintain  by  force,  the  honor, 
dignity  and  continued  existence  of  the  government 
they  have  established  ;  therefore 

Resolved,  In  answer  to  such  an  appeal  of  the  Presi- 
dent, that  we,  the  citizens  of  Dover,  feeling  that  our 
country  is  above  party,  hereby  pledge  ourselves  to  sus- 
tain the  Administration  of  the  General  Government  in 
the  manly  and  patriotic  position  assumed  by  the  Presi- 
dent in  his  recent  proclamation,  and  that  we  cheerfully 
and  readily  tender  to  the  Governor  of  this  State,  and 
through  him  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  our 
full  proportion  of  such  volunteer  force  as  may  be 
required  of  this  State. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  at 
this  meeting  to  obtain  the  names  of,  at  least,  one  hun- 


5  5  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

dred  men,  who  will  hold  themselves  in  readiness,  at  the 
shortest  notice,  to  march  wherever  the  demands  of  the 
country  and  the  orders  of  the  government  shall 
require. 

Resolved.  That  these  proceedings  be  signed  by  the 
Chairman  and  Secretary  and  a  certified  copy  thereof  be 
sent  to  the  Governor  of  this  State  and  the  President  of 
the  United  States. 

John  P.  Hale  addressed  the  meeting  in  an  able  and 
eloquent  speech  in  support  of  the  resolutions,  and  was 
followed  by  Dr.  J.  H.  Smith,  Dr.  Home,  Hon.  Oliver 
Wyatt  and  others,  when  the  resolutions  were  unani- 
mously adopted. 

John  D.  Devin,  George  W.  Colbath  and  A.  W.  Rol- 
lins wrere  appointed  the  committee  to  obtain  the  names 
of  volunteers,  with  instructions  to  correspond  with  the 
Governor  in  relation  to  their  doings  ;  and  the  meeting 
was  adjourned,  with  three  cheers  for  the  Union  and 
three  for  Major  Robert  Anderson. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  City  Councils  on  the 
i8th  of  April,  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions 
were  unanimously  adopted  : 

Whereas,  Civil  War  has  been  inaugurated,  our 
glorious  Union  assailed,  and  our  institutions  endan- 
gered, and  : 

Whereas,  Our  fellow  citizens  promptly  and  cheerfully 
answrer  to  the  call  of  the  Government  for  aid  in  this  its 
hour  of  peril,  therefore, 

Resolved,  By  the  City  Councils  of  Dover,  that  the 
sum  often  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may 


5 6  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

be  needed,  be  and  hereby  is  appropriated  for  the  benefit 
and  wants  of  the  families  of  those  who  have  responded, 
or  shall  respond' to  the  call  of  their  country,  for  the  sup- 
port of  its  Constitution  and  Laws ;  and  the  Mayor  with 
such  as  the  Common  Council  may  join  be  a  Committee 
to  properly  distribute  the  same. 

The  City  Hall  was  assigned  for  the  use  of  the  sol- 
diers enlisted,  for  a  drill  room,  and  the  Mayor  was 
authorized  to  cause  the  National  Flag  to  be  displayed 
on  the  City  Hall  building,  and  from  the  flag  staffs  on 
Franklin  Square,  the  expense  thereof  to  be  paid  from 
money  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated. 

Pursuant  to  orders  from  the  Governor  of  the  State,  a 
recruiting  office  was  opened  for  the  enlistment  of  sol- 
diers on  Wednesday,  April  17,  1861.  A  full  company 
was  enlisted  in  the  space  of  three  days,  when  further 
orders  were  received  for  the  enlistment  of  a  second 
company,  the  ranks  of  which  were  immediately  filled. 

In  the  mean  time  the  utmost  enthusiasm  existed 
among  all  classes  of  citizens.  Union  flags  were  dis- 
played on  every  street  and  from  almost  every  workshop 
and  dwelling. 

The  Sabbath  also  was  consecrated  to  the  service  of 
the  Union ;  the  clergymen  in  the  several  churches 
delivered  patriotic  and  appropriate  discourses,  the  pul- 
pits and  galleries  where  they  officiated  being  draped 
with  the  American  flag. 

The  Directors  of  the  Strafford  Bank,  voted  to  loan 
the  State  the  sum  of  $20,000,  to  aid  in  the  equipment 
of  volunteers,  and  the  Trustees  of  the  Savings  Bank 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  57 

for  the  County  of  Strafford,  and  the  Dover  Five  Cents 
Savings  Bank,  also  tendered  a  loan  of  $15,000  each. 

The  members  of  the  Strafford  District  N.  H.  Medi- 
cal Society,  residing  in  Dover,  voted  to  tender  their 
professional  services  gratuitously  to  the  families  of  vol- 
unteers for  the  war. 

The  women  of  Dover,  to  the  number  of  one  hundred 
or  more,  met  at  the  chapel  of  the  First  Church,  Rev. 
E.  H.  Richardson,  pastor,  armed  and  equipped  with 
needles,  sewing  machines,  etc.,  and  made  up  four  hun- 
dred shirts  for  the  volunteers.  They  also  furnished 
socks,  handkerchiefs,  and  other  necessary  articles  not 
supplied  by  the  State. 

The  two  companies  enlisted  in  Dover,  received  orders 
to  rendevous  at  Concord,  on  Monday,  April  29  ;  and  in 
obedience  thereto  they  left  the  city  that  day  —  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-five  men  in  all.  The  companies  fell  in  at 
their  respective  headquarters  at  seven  o'clock  a.  m.,  and 
at  ten  o'clock  were  formed  upon  Central  Square,  in  front 
of  the  City  Hall,  where,  prayer  having  been  offered  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Salter  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Clapp  of  the  Franklin  Street  Baptist  Church,  made 
appropriate  remarks,  and  Mayor  Bickford  closed  the  pro- 
ceedings with  an  address,  reminding  the  soldiers  of  the. 
cause  in  which  they  had  enlisted,  and  the  report  which 

was  expected  of  them.     The  number  of  men  enlisted  in 

. 

Dover  at  this  date  was  two  hundred  and  twenty,  a 
part  only  of  whom  was  required  for  the  two  com- 
panies formed  here.  These  were  known  as  Com- 
panies A  and  B  in  the  First  Regiment. 


5  8  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

The  following  account  of  the  uprising  of  the  people 
in  Keene  was  prepared  by  Mr.  T.  C.  Rand,  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Sentinel : 

On  consulting  the  usual  authorities,  it  is  surprising  to 
find  how  few  data  appear  relating  to  that  eventful 
epoch.  It  would  seem  that  our  people  were  too  busy 
with  making  history  then  to  spare  much  time  for  reg- 
istering their  patriotic  acts  —  as  if,  in  the  tempest  of 
rebellion,  all  hands  being  required  to  man  the  ship  of 
State,  they  neglected  to  keep  a  log  of  the  voyage. 

On  the  i  pth  of  April,  1861,  the  first  citizens'  meeting 
was  held  in  Keene  to  devise  means  of  raising  troops, 
and  to  make  provisions  for  soldiers'  families.  Ex-Gov- 
ernor Samuel  Dinsmoor  presided,  and  brief  addresses 
were  made  by  General  James  Wilson,  H.  B.  Titus,  and 
others,  to  an  audience  whose  stillness  was  so  profound 
that  the  dropping  of  a  handkerchief  could  have  been 
heard.  As  a  result  of  the  meeting  a  recruiting  office 
was  opened,  and  within  forty-eight  hours  a  full  com- 
pany was  enlisted.  Young  men  seemed  to  vie  with 
each  other  for  the  honor  of  being  first  to  subscribe  their 
names  to  the  muster-rolls.  From  our  work-shops  and 
mills,  from  our  schools  and  up-land  farms,  came  the 
best  specimens  of  Cheshire's  stalwart  and  intrepid  man- 
hood to  take  up  arms  in  defence  of  the  old  flag  and  all 
that  it  symbolized.  In  the  ranks  of  the  volunteers  were 
representatives  of  every  trade,  profession  and  calling. 

Of  the  non-combatants,  almost  every  man  appeared 
in  our  streets  wearing  a  rosette  of  red,  white  and  blue, 
on  the  lapel  of  his  coat. 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE.  5  9 

The  Cheshire,  the  Ashuelot  and  the  Cheshire  County 
Banks  each  tendered  the  loan  of  $10,000  for  war  pur- 
poses, and  every  citizen  seemed  ready  to  contribute  all 
needed  supplies  for  the  maintenance  of  soldiers'  fam- 
ilies. Women  organized  societies  to  aid  the  cause,  and 
"  scraping  lint"  was  the  employment  of  many  of  them 
up  to  the  hour  of  "the  soldiers'  departure. 

When  the  company,  whose  organization  I  have 
described,  left  Keene  to  form  a  part  of  the  First  Regi- 
ment, an  immense  crowd  assembled  at  the  railroad 
station  to  see  them  off.  The  Rev.  Z.  S.  Barstow, 
D.  D.,  offered  prayer,  and  Mr.  George  H.  Richards 
distributed  pocket  bibles  among  the  soldiers.  The 
scene  was  one  of  almost  sacramental  solemnity  and 
impressiveness. 

When  the  First  Regiment  reached  New  York,  the 
Tribune  said  of  it — "  The  men  are  not  above  the  ordi- 
nary height,  but  are  all  young,  hardy  and  active.  The 
Regiment  is  composed  principally  of  mechanics  who 
are  not  afraid  of  work,  and  accustomed  to  exposure. 
They  are,  in  fact,  the  bone  and  sinew  of  New  Hamp- 
shire." 

It  was  remarked  by  Goethe,  that  "mental  power  is 
developed  best  in  solitude  ;  character,  in  the  storms  of 
life."  When  the  cyclone  of  civil  war  struck  this 
Nation,  and  the  government  at  Washington  staggered 
like  a  blinded  giant  under  the  first  blows  of  rebellion, 
the  temper  of  our  people  was  subjected  to  a  crucial 
test ;  and  often  in  unexpected  quarters  the  qualities  of 
a  rare  manhood  were  suddenly  developed.  Youths 


6<D  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

whom  we  had  never  regarded  as  brave  above  their 
fellows  grew  to  heroic  stature  in  a  day,  and  men  whose 
latent  patriotism  had  failed  of  recognition  in  the  inter- 
course of  common  life,  at  the  call  to  arms  stood  forth, 
conspicuous  for  their  love  of  country,  and  resolute  to 
maintain  her  laws. 

It  were  easy  to  tell  of  many,  who,  like  Cincinnatus, 
left  the  plough  for  the  battle-field,  and  of  "  village 
Hampdens "  who,  in  that  great  crisis,  sprang  to  the 
defence  of  a  cause  as  holy  as  any  for  which  sword  was 
ever  drawn. 

The  roll  of  honor  is  filled  with  familiar  names.  From 
our  own  community  went  Chaplain  Hamilton  and  Sur- 
geon Twitchell ;  Colonels  Wilson,  Barker,  Titus  and 
Babbitt ;  General  Griffin ;  Lieutenants  Metcalf,  Saw- 
yer, Green,  Hubbard,  Sturtevant,  Perry,  Wilcox  and 
Sprague  ;  besides  hundreds  of  men,  inferior  in  military 
rank,  but  of  equal  courage  and  devotion. 

It  is  an  honor  to  human  nature  that  such  men  have 
lived  in  any  age  ;  it  is  our  proud  boast  that  they  were 
our  contemporaries  - —  the  indigenous  product  of  our 
civilization  —  our  neighbors,  our  brothers  or  our  sons. 

Of  our  women  of  that  day  I  cannot  adequately  write, 
and  it  would  be  invidious  to  name  a  few  while  all 
deserve  praise.  But  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  heroines 
who  remained  at  home  out-numbered  the  heroes  in  the 
field.  Some  from  our  midst  served  long  and  well  as 
hospital  nurses,  ministering  to  the  sick  and  wounded. 
Others  wrought  early  and  late  in  behalf  of  the  cause, 
and,  through  the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions, 


FIR S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  6 1 

or  through  private  channels,  sent  unremitting  supplies 
of  food  and  .clothing,  reading  matter  and  medicine  to 
unknown  soldiers  at  the  front.  "  A  man  discovered 
America,  but  a  woman  equipped  the  voyage;"  and  so, 
for  the  furnishing  of  the  boys  in  blue,  did  many  a 
queenly  Isabella  of  our  own  land  sacrifice  her  jewels, 
her  comfort  or  her"  life. 

There  is  no  brighter  gem  in  the  diadem  New  Hamp- 
shire wears  than  the  resplendent  character  of  her 
women  of  the  war  period. 


HOW     MANCHESTER     WAS     MOVED      BY     THE     FIRING     ON 
FORT    SUMTER. 

The  following  is  compiled  mostly  from  articles  in  the 
Manchester  Weekly  Budget  of  March  i  and  8,  1890. 

On  the  i3th  of  April,  1861,  the  following  despatch 
was  received  by  the  Manchester  Union  : 

"  Boston,  April  13,  1861. 

Fighting  commenced  at  Charleston  yesterday.  Seven 
batteries  played  on  Sumter  all  day,  and  Anderson 
replied.  Rumored  portions  of  the  fort  are  destroyed. 
Two  Confederate  troops  wounded.  Bombardment  to 
be  renewed  today." 

Probably  no  community  in  the  State  or  country  was 
more  quickly  or  thoroughly  aroused  by  such  or  similar 
intelligence  than  was  the  population  of  Manchester. 
The  excitement  was  instantaneous,  universal,  intense. 
Party,  sect  and  caste  were  alike  ignored.  The  distinc- 
tions of  age  and  sex  were  forgotten.  With  scarce  a 


62 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


discordant  note  there  arose  from  every  home  and  heart 
the  grand  chorus  of  the  people  —  "  The  Union,  it  must 
and  shall  be  preserved." 

On  the  following  day,  Sunday,  all  the  pulpits 
re-echoed  in  some  form,  the  sentiment  that  so  mightily 
moved  the  people.  Little  else  was  talked  of  in  the 
homes,  the  shops,  the  mills  and  the  streets.  Flags 
were  flung  to  the  breeze  from  windows  and  house-tops. 


FORT  SUMTER  AFTER  BOMBARDMENT. 

Early  in  the  week  the  Common  Council  passed  the  fol- 
lowing resolution  : 

"  Resolved,  By  the  mayor,  aldermen  and  common 
council,  that  His  Honor  the  mayor  be  authorized  to  imme- 
diately put  up  a  flagstaff  over  the  city  hall  and  to  procure 
two  flags  of  the  United  States.  That  he  cause  one  flag  to 
be  run  up  on  the  flagstaff  over  city  hall  and  the  other 
to  be  placed  on  the  liberty  pole  in  Merrimack  square. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  63 

That  these  flags  be  kept  there  until  they  are  recognized 
as  the  national  emblem  over  our  whole  country,  and  be 
not  lowered  until  every  State  marches  under  them  and 
keeps  step  to  the  music  of  the  Union." 

Enlistments  commenced  immediately  upon  the  call  of 
the  President  for  75,000  troops. 

J.  C.  Abbott,  Adjutant-General  of  the  State,  and 
John  L.  Kelley  and  Hollis  O.  Dudley,  all  of  whom 
made  for  themselves  a  splendid  military  record,  offered 
their  services  to  Governor  Goodwin,  which  were 
accepted.  Mr.  Kelley,  assisted  by  Mr.  Dudley,  com- 
menced enlisting  volunteers,  and  in  seven  days  had 
raised  131  recruits,  who  marched  to  Concord  on  the  2yth 
of  April,  to  join  the  First  Regiment. 

The  military  exempts,  or  those  not  required  to  do 
military  duty,  held  a  meeting  in  the  City  Hall.  This 
meeting  contained  many  of  the  first  citizens  of  the  city 
of  both  political  parties.  Hon.  Isaac  Riddle  offered  the 
following  resolution,  which  was  enthusiastically 
adopted  : 

"  Having  heard  of  the  insults  offered  to  the  flag  of 
our  country  by  domestic  foes,  and  having  long  been 
scouted  and  hooted  at  by  rebels,  and  borne  with  Chris- 
tian patience  until  forbearance  has  become  a  crime,  we 
do  agree  to  spend  our  lives  and  property  in  protecting 
the  legacies  left  us  by  our  fathers  who  spent  their  lives 
and  treasures  to  acquire,  we  pledge  ourselves  (life  and 
property)  to  maintain  unharmed,  our  glorious  Union. 
We  will  not  suffer  the  Stars  and  Stripes  to  trail  in  the 
dust  by  a  domestic  enemy,  but  will  support  and  main- 


64  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

tain  at  the  expense  of  blood  the  constitution  and  the 
laws  of  the  land,  and  hand  down  a  legacy  given  to  us 
bv  our  fathers,  unharmed,  to  our  children  and  theirs." 

On  Wednesday  evening,  the  lyth,  the  "Abbott 
Guards,"  a  local  military  organization,  held  an  enthusi- 
astic meeting,  and  were  addressed  by  General  J.  C. 
Abbott  and  Major  Henry  O.  Kent.  The  following  day 
thev  paraded  the  streets  and  were  greeted  with  cheers 
by  assembled  crowds.  Subsequently  they  offered  their 
services  to  the  government,  and  were  mustered  in  by 
Hon.  Frederick  Smyth,  April  22d. 

They  marched  for  Concord,  77  in  number,  the  next 
day,  with  colors  flying  and  escorted  to  the  depot  by  the 
Mechanics'  Phalanx.  The  ladies,  who  had  tendered 
their  services  to  aid  in  preparing  their  outfit,  waved 
their  handkerchiefs,  and  the  crowds  on  the  sidewalks 
greeted  them  with  rousing  cheers.  John  L.  Kelly  and 
his  recruits  were  drawn  up  in  line  in  front  of  city  hall 
and  greeted  the  departing  heroes  with  salute  and  cheers. 
All  the  job  teams  of  the  town  followed  the  procession 
with  baggage,  all  with  flags  flying.  The  Manchester 
Cornet  Band,  Walter  Dignam,  leader,  was  at  the  head. 
At  the  depot  Captain  Knowlton  made  a  short  speech  to 
the  crowd,  pledging  that  the  Guards  would  stand  by 
the  flag  as  long  as  they  had  muscle  to  keep  their  bones 
together.  As  the  cars  passed  out  of  the  depot,  men, 
women  and  children  united  in  cheering ;  the  operatives 
in  the  mills  waved  greetings  from  the  windows,  the 
workmen  of  the  machine  shops  and  Mechanics'  Row 
formed  in  lines  on  the  tracks  sending  up  hurrah  after 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  65 

hurrah,  and  the  city  was  in  a  patriotic  commotion  dur- 
ing the  entire  day.  The  Guards  camped  upon  the  fair 
grounds  in  Concord  and  were  the  first  armed  organiza- 
tion on  the  field. 

The  Abbott  Guards  were  presented  by  Captain  B.  C. 
Kendall,  in  behalf  of  Engine  Company  No.  5,  with  a 
beautiful  silk  flag ;  and  the  ladies  presented  Captain 
Knowlton,  of  the  Guards,  a  bible  and  diary.  Numer- 
ous revolvers  were  also  presented  to  the  officers  and 
members  of  the  Company. 

The  Irish  were  promptly  on  hand  to  show  their 
colors,  and  at  a  meeting  held  in  Brown's  hall,  125  Irish- 
men adopted  the  name  of  the  Manchester  Irish  Bat- 
talion and  signified  their  readiness  to  defend  the  Stars 
and  Stripes.  The  Germans  were  not  behind  their  Irish 
brethren,  though  not  as  numerous,  and  fifty  of  them 
announced  the  same  patriotic  purpose.  Many  of  the 
boys  of  the  Amoskeag  machine  shop  recruited  in  the 
Abbott  Guards  and  under  Captain  Kelly  :  but  twenty- 
five  others  met  and  organized  a  military  company  to  be 
known  as  the  Amoskeag  Rifle  Company,  on  which 
occasion  several  of  the  members  were  presented  with 
revolvers  with  appropriate  addresses. 

Under  the  inspiration  of  Captain  John  N.  Bruce,  a 
well-known  citizen,  the  Mechanics'  Phalanx  was  organ- 
ized, consisting  of  more  than  seventy  men.  This 
Company  marched  to  Camp  Constitution  in  Portsmouth. 

All  the  credit,  however,  is  not  due  to  those  who 
entered  the  army.  Those  who  remained  at  home  were 
equally  patriotic,  at  least  the  great  proportion  of  them, 


66  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

and  they  did  not  forget  their  brethren  in  arms.  The 
banks  in  Manchester,  as  in  other  towns  and  cities, 
opened  their  vaults  liberally  for  the  present  necessities 
of  the  government,  and  the  wants  of  soldiers  and  their 
families.  "The  city  government  voted  $10,000  for  a  fund 
for  the  needed  support  and  maintenance  of  the  families 
of  those  persons  who  reside  in  Manchester,  and  have 
enlisted  or  shall  enlist  for  the  present  defence  of  their 
country  and  the  preservation  of  the  Union." 

Nearly   all   the   physicians  of  the   city   offered  their 
services  gratuitously  to  the  families  of  soldiers.     "  The 
Irish  Mutual  Benefit  Society  hung  out  a  large  flag  in 
front  of  their  rooms  inscribed  in  large  letters, — 
"  We  are  for  the  Union." 

On  Monday,  April  29,  a  "  mammoth  union  levee  was 
held  in  Smyth's  hall  to  raise  funds  to  behefit  the  volun- 
teers. The  ladies  voluntered  their  services  for  commit- 
tees on  refreshments,  music,  decorations,  rosettes,  etc., 
and  A.  H.  Daniels,  J.  D.  Watson,  I.  W.  Farmer, 
Josiah  S.  Shannon,  Geo.  B.  Chandler,  William  Mc- 
Pherson,  Dr.  D.  B.  Nelson,  James  Walker,  John  S. 
Folsom,  Silas  Hamilton,  M.  Lyons  and  E.  W.  Bartlett 
were  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  funds.  The  levee 
was  a  big  success.  Samuel  Webber,  then  agent  of  the 
print  works,  presided,  and  the  Manchester  Cornet  Band 
furnished  music.  Postmaster  T.  P.  Pierce,  who  had 
been  appointed  Colonel  of  the  Second  Regiment,  made 
a  ringing  address  accepting  the  position.  After  storms 
of  applause,  president  Webber  introduced  a  resolution 
requesting  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  continue 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  67 

Colonel  Pierce  as  postmaster  of  the  city  during  the 
time  of  his  actual  service  in  the  defence  of  our  na- 
tions' rights.  It  was  passed  amid  deafening  cheers. 
Speeches  were  also  made  by  Hon.  Daniel  Clark,  Hon. 
George  W.  Morrison,  Rev.  Mr.  Bowles  and  Chas.  A. 
Luce,  Esq.  The  levee  netted  $338.50." 

It  would  be  scarcely  possible,  by  multiplying  words, 
to  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  mighty  uprising  of  this 
young  and  vigorous  city.  The  imagination  of  the 
reader  must  fill  up  the  splendid  record,  and  the  imag- 
ination cannot  easily  surpass  the  reality.  At  the  first 
note  of  alarm,  the  city,  with  wonderful  unanimity,  rose 
up  like  an  incensed  giant  to  strike  mighty  blows  for 
right  and  freedom.  Manchester  did  her  whole  duty. 


HOW    CONCORD    RECEIVED    THE    NEWS    OF    SUMTER. 
BY  AMOS  HADLEY. 

Definite  intelligence  of  the  rebel  attack  on  Fort 
Sumter  was  received  in  Concord,  on  the  morning  of 
Saturday,  April  13,  1861.  It  was  a  morning  of  dull, 
leaden  atmosphere  and  drizzling  rain,  quite  conforma- 
ble to  the  gloomy  tidings  from  the  South.  The  writer 
had,  at  that  time,  editorial  connection  with  The  Inde- 
pendent Democrat,  a  newspaper  earnestly  supporting  the 
newly  inaugurated  administration  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 
His  office  received  many  anxious  citizens  seeking  infor- 
mation, and  discussing  the  situation.  To  some,  this 
overt  act  of  rebellion  seemed  an  outbreak  of  Southern 
passion  that  would  soon  subside  ;  to  others,  it  seemed 
what  it  proved  to  be — the  beginning  of  a  great  war  to 
be  fought  out  to  the  bitter  end,  testing  the  full  military 


68  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

capacity  of  the  hostile  sections.  Those  who  held  the 
latter  view  were  in  the  minority ;  the  majority  were 
inclined  to  think  it  would  be  a  ninety  days'  affair. 
Indeed,  the  gloomy  cloud  of  uncertainty  was  too  dense 
to  permit  safe  prognostication.  But  whatever  might 
betide,  more  than  one  young  man  declared,  in  the 
writer's  hearing,  his  readiness  forthwith  to  enlist  in  the 
military  service  of  his  country  ;  and  it  is  believed  that 
all,  who  at  that  time  made  such  declaration,  actually 
enlisted,  and  most  of  them,  too,  laid  down  their  lives 
for  their  country's  cause.  The  excitement  throughout 
the  city  was  intense — "  Sumter"  was  upon  every  tongue. 
In  the  forenoon  of  Sunday,  the  i4th,  came  the  news 
of  the  surrender  of  the  dismantled  fort.  It  met  the 
people  returning  from  morning  services  in  the  churches. 
The  telegraph  office  was  opened,  at  noon,  to  the  crowd 
gathered  to  learn  the  exciting  particulars.  Groups  of 
earnest  men  collected  at  various  places,  repeating  and 
discussing  the  startling  intelligence,  with  the  anxiety  of 
yesterday  intensified.  Even  those  who  attended  the 
afternoon  and  evening  services  of  public  worship  were 
burdened  with  the  thought  of  the  great  and  alarming- 
event.  It  was  remarked  by  aged  and  life-long  residents 
of  Concord,  that,  though  they  had  witnessed  many 
exciting  occurrences  here,  no  such  intense  feeling  was 
ever  before  manifested  as  over  this  intelligence  that  the 
glorious  banner  of  the  republic  had  been  lowered  "  to 
foes  of  its  own  household,  and  a  gallant  band  of  its 
defenders  compelled  to  surrender  to  conspirators  and 
rebels." 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  69 

On  Monday,  the  i5th,  came  trie  proclamation  of 
President  Lincoln,  calling  for  seventy-five  thousand 
troops  for  three  months,  to  "suppress"  the  "combina- 
tion" in  the  South,  by  which  "the  laws  of  the  United 
States  have  been  for  some  time  and  now  are  opposed, 
and  the  execution  thereof  obstructed."  The  telegraphic 
announcement  of  the  proclamation  reached  Concord 
about  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Some  of  the 
friends  of  Capt.  Edward  E.  Sturtevant,  who  was  of  the 
city  police,  and  a  night  watchman,  went  to  his  board- 
ing-place, and,  though  he  had  been  up  all  night,  roused 
him  from  his  short  nap,  and  told  him  the  news.  He 
instantly  arose,  and  without  delay  hastened  to  the  Adju- 
tant-General's office,  where  he  offered  his  services  as  a 
volunteer  and  a  recruiting  officer.  The  offer  was  ac- 
cepted, and  he  was  authorized  to  proceed  at  once  to  take 
the  names  of  any  wishing  to  enlist.  It  wras  not  long 
ere  the  zealous  captain  had  pitched  a  tent,  as  an  extem- 
porized recruiting  station,  in  front  of  the  State  House, 
and  was  receiving  enlistments.  Before  the  day  closed, 
he  had  enrolled  a  large  number  of  volunteers.  All  this 
was  accomplished  on  the  i5th  of  April ;  thus  antedating 
the  formal  orders  for  enlistment,  which,  as  will  be  seen 
a  little  farther  on,  were  not  issued  until  the  next  day. 

The  call  to  arms  by  the  Executive  of  the  Nation 
deepened  the  popular  interest,  and  gave  definite  and 
practical  direction  to  loyal  enthusiasm,  and  the  Execu- 
tive of  New  Hampshire  was  not  remiss  in  well-directed 
efforts  to  meet  the  call.  On  Tuesday,  the  i6th,  Gov- 
ernor Goodwin,  in  accordance  with  the  requisition  of 


70  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

the  War  Department,  issued  his  order  to  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral Abbott,  "  to  make  proclamation  calling  for  volun- 
teers, *  *  to  the  number  required  *  *  *  for  a  regi- 
ment of  militia  consisting  of  ten  companies  of  infantry 
to  be  held  in  readiness  to  be  mustered  into  the  service  of 
the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  quelling  insurrec- 
tion and  supporting  the  government."  The  order  was 
complied  with  on  the  same  day  ;  and  forthwith  enlisting 
officers  "were  appointed,  enlisting  papers  prepared,  and 
enlisting  offices  established  at  prominent  places 
throughout  the  State.  Capt.  Sturtevant,  who,  as  before 
stated,  had  already  himself  enlisted,  and  procured  many 
other  enlistments,  took  formal  papers  as  recruiting  offi- 
cer for  Concord,  and,  at  twelve  o'clock,  meridian,  on 
Wednesday,  the  lyth,  opened  his  office  in  Phenix 
Block,  and  proceeded  with  the  work  assigned  him. 
Within  a  week,  his  list  contained  the  names  of  173 
good  men  and  true, — many  of  whom  were  residents  of 
other  places, — and  the  number  was  swelled  to  50  more 
within  the  week  ensuing. 

The  employees  in  the  printing  offices  of  the  city  were 
encouraged  to  enlist,  by  the*  assurance  that  their  places 
would  be  retained  for  them.  Several  printers  enlisted 
: — among  them,  three  from  the  establishment  of  The 
Independent  Democrat,  within  the  first  week.  Railroad 
employees,  upon  like  assurance,  volunteered  in  goodly 
numbers.  Men  in  all  pursuits  of  life  felt  and  obeyed 
the  patriotic  impulse  to  volunteer  for  their  country's  de- 
fence, while  the  patriotic  and  helpful  liberality,  mani- 
fested on  every  hand,  promoted  ready  enlistment.  The 


FIR S  T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  7 1 

State  Capital  Bank  offered  to  the  Governor  a  loan  of 
$30,000  to  assist  in  raising  men  ;  and  the  Union  Bank 
tendered  him  $30,000  for  the  same  purpose  ;  while  the 
cashier  and  directors  of  the  latter  institution,  offered, 
each,  to  contribute  $100  towards  the  support  of  the 
families  of  those  volunteering  from  the  city.  A  sub- 
scription, moved  by  prominent  citizens,  procured  for 
the  same  object,  the  sum  of  $7,000  ;  and  the  city  gov- 
ernment unanimously  appropriated  $10,000  in  aid  of  the 
volunteers.  Some  physicians  offered  to  go  as  surgeons 
in  the  regiments  forming  or  to  be  formed  ;  while  others 
tendered  gratuitous  medical  services  to  the  families  of 
enlisted  men. 

On  the  evening  of  Friday,  April  ipth,  a  large  and 
enthusiastic  meeting  was  held  in  City  Hall,  in  response 
to  a  call  issued  by  citizens  "without  distinction  of 
party."  Hon.  Thomas  P.  Treadwell,  a  prominent 
Democrat,  and  formerly  Secretary  of  State,  presided. 
In  course  of  his  speech,  on  taking  the  chair,  he  said: 
"I  see  before  me  determined  men;  men  of  all  parties, 
who  have  come  up  hither,  in  this  time  of  peril  to  our 
country,  to  renew  our  vows  of  fidelity  to  the  Union,  the 
Constitution  and  the  Laws  ;  a  Union  cemented  by  the 
blood  of  our  patriot  sires  ;  and  a  Constitution  framed  by 
the  Fathers  whom  we  venerate  and  love.  That  Union 
is  in  danger  !  Who,  or  what  caused  the  danger  is  not 
now  the  question.  How  can  the  Union  be  preserved 
and  perpetuated?  This  is  the  all-absorbing  question  of 
the  day.  The  only  answer  to  this  question  is — it  must 
and  shall  be  preserved  ;  peaceably,  if  we  can  ;  forcibly, 


7  2  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

if  we  must !  *  f  We  have  not  come  here,  fellow- 
citizens,  as  partisans,  but  as  citizens  of  a  common 
country,  sharers  of  a  common  destiny.  The  ship  of 
State  is  on  a  lee  shore ;  the  storm  is  raging  ;  the  sea  is 
foaming ;  rocks  and  breakers  appear  in  the  distance  ; 
but  the  commander  appears  to  be  awake,  and  at  the 
helm.  He  was  not  the  man  of  my  choice,  but  while  he 
takes  the  Constitution  as  his  compass,  I  will  obey  as  one 
of  the  crew  ;  you,  I  know,  will  do  the  same,  and  thus 
the  ship  and  crew  will  be  saved.  It  is  a  cheering 
thought,  that,  in  a  crisis  like  the  present,  we  can  tram- 
ple upon  mere  party  platforms.  What  are  they  when 
they  stand  in  the  way  of  duty  ;  in  the  way  of  our  coun- 
try's progress  ;  when  they  imperil  its  very  existence?  I 
tell  you,  fellow-citizens,  party  platforms  must  be 
ignored,  thrust  aside;  aye,  even  trampled  and  spit 
upon,  if  we  would  preserve  that  glorious  inheritance 
bequeathed  to  us  by  our  fathers.  I  have  as  strong  an  at- 
tachment to  party  creeds  as  any  man  ;  I  can  fight  a 
Republican  with  as  hearty  a  relish  as  can  any  Southern 
or  Northern  fire-eater,  at  the  proper  time  and  at  the 
ballot-box  ;  but  when  my  country  is  in  danger,  and  the 
peril  is  imminent,  then,  if  that  Republican  is  found 
battling  for  the  Constitution  and  the  Union,  I  can  forget 
all  past  differences,  and  say,  God  speed  you,  my 
brother  ;  we  rally  around  the  same  flag  ;  we  hear  not 
the  cry  of  party  now — that  is  merged  in  the  higher, 
the  holier  cry  of  Country,  Home,  Union  !" 

These  explicit  and  patriotic  utterances  touched  the 
key-note  of  most  of  the  speeches  made  at  the  meeting 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  73 

by  gentlemen  of  the  same  party  faith  as  the  chairman. 
Party  lines  were  ignored,  and  Democrats  and  Republi- 
cans vied  with  each  other  in  expression  of  loyal  devo- 
tion to  their  imperilled  country.  A  committee  of  nine 
was  appointed  "to  take  measures,  in  concert  with  the 
city  government,  or  otherwise,  for  rendering  aid  to  the 
families  of  our  patriotic  fellow  citizens,  during  their 
absence,  who  have  enlisted,  or  may  enlist,  in  the  mili- 
tary service  of  their  country."  The  practical  result  of 
this  action  has  already  been  mentioned. 

The  women  of  Concord  were  early  at  work  in  the 
good  cause.  The  ladies  of  the  several  religious  socie- 
ties met  on  the  afternoon  of  Monday,  the  22d  of  April, 
to  make  arrangements  to  supply  the  soldiers  with 
articles  necessarv  to  their  comfort  while  in  the  field. 

«/ 

They  raised  about  $200,  three-quarters  of  which  sum 
was  at  once  expended  for  flannel  to  be  made  into  shirts 
for  the  First  Regiment.  They  also  made  handker- 
chiefs, prepared  bandages,  and  provided  other  useful 
articles.  Thus  early  were  begun  the  labors  of  a  society 
which  proved  an  efficient  instrumentality  in  promoting 
the  welfare  of  the  brave  boys  at  the  front,  during  the 
war.  The  musical  talent  of  the  city  was  also  put  in  requi- 
sition to  procure  means  to  aid  the  volunteers.  Two  con- 
certs of  patriotic  and  miscellaneous  music,  in  the  exer- 
cises of  which  more  than  fifty  ladies  and  gentlemen 
participated,  were  given  before  large  audiences,  netting 
a  handsome  sum.  Indeed,  everybody  was  in  those 
days  eager  to  contribute  his  or  her  part  of  effort  and 
means  to  speed  the  work  of  saving  the  country. 


74  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Loyalty  to  the  flag  of  the  Union  found  one  manifes- 
tation in  the  profuse  display  of  the  "  stars  and  stripes." 
Flags  floated  over  the  State  House  and  City  Hall,  over 
newspaper  offices  and  other  places  of  business,  over  the 
railroad  station  and  machine  shops,  over  numerous 
private  residences,  and  across  streets  at  many  points. 
The  star  spangled  banner  was  never  dearer  to  the 
hearts  of  the  people  than  in  those  early  days  of  war. 
Its  three  colors,  too,  combined  in  tasteful  arrangement 
of  goods  in  shop  windows  along  the  main  street  of  the 
city,  or  in  rosette  badges  largely  worn,  gracefully 
attested  patriotic  feeling. 

Most  of  the  newspapers  were  true  exponents,  as  well 
as  earnest  promoters,  of  the  all-prevailing  loyal  senti- 
ment of  the  community,  and  heartily  supported  the 
government,  now  lifting  against  monstrous  rebellion, 
the  strong  arm  of  military  defence.  The  pulpit,  too, 
was  true  to  patriotic  duty,  and  by  argument  and  appeal, 
edified  heart-burdened  congregations.  Speaking  of 
Sunday,  the  2ist  of  April,  the  New  Hampshire  States- 
man said:  "In  the  churches,  the  Union,  its  perils, 
and  its  destiny,  with  the  duty  of  all  to  labor  in  the 
strength  of  God,  for  its  rescue,  were  the  themes  of 
devout  contemplation  in  every  church,  so  far  as  we  hear  ; 
made  so  by  the  prayers,  or  the  discourse,  or  both.  The 
pastor  of  the  South  Congregational  church,  Rev.  Henry 
E.  Parker,  who  early  enlisted  and  was  Chaplain  of  the 
Second  Regiment,  closed  his  forenoon  discourse  by  an 
appeal  to  the  young  men  who  had  then  enlisted  in  the 
recruiting  station,  and  who  marched  into  church  in 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIPE .  75 

double  file  in  charge  of  Capt.  E.  E.  Sturtevant.  *  * 
Tears  have  here  often  flowed  over  bereavements  that 
touched  other  hearts  than  those  in  the  household  most 
nearly  afflicted,  and  sadness  without  tears  has  occa- 
sionallv  brooded  over  congregations  here,  because  of 
some  local  circumstance  of  painful  description  ;  but  on 
Sunday  they  fell  like  rain  from  many  eyes,  because  of 
emotions  the  like  to  which  were  never  felt  here  until 
then." 

On  the  i8th  of  April,  The  Independent  Democrat 
had  said:  "Concord  is  full  of  the  war  spirit.  The 
news  from  the  South  has  completely  roused  the  patriot- 
ism of  our  people."  On  the  27th,  the  New  Hampshire 
Statesman  declared  :  "  The  overwhelming  sentiment  of 
this  Capital  is  that  the  government  must  and  shall  be 
sustained."  It  remains  but  to  add  that  this  spirit  of 
patriotism  and  sentiment  of  loyalty  proved  predominant 
in  the  Capital  of  New  Hampshire — proved  no  evanes- 
cent flash,  but  a  steady-glowing  flame,  during  four 
vears  of  war,  and  until  the  Nation's  flag,  with  not  one 
star  erased,  floated  again  over  Sumter. 


LITTLETON. 
BY  HON.  A.  S.  BATCHELLOR. 

The  Slavery  Agitation  assumed  an  organized  form  at 
Littleton  some  time  prior  to  1840.  From  that  point 
forward  it  was  an  irrepressible  element  in  local  affairs, 
social,  political  and  ecclesiastical.  In  society,  the 
adherents  of  that  faith  were  of  course  regarded  as 


7  6  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

fanatics.  In  modern  parlance  they  might  have  been 
termed  cranks.  This  epithet  comes  of  being  of  a  small 
minority,  entertaining  positive  opinions  not  generally 
accepted.  It  now  and  then  happens  that  this  class  be- 
come a  formidable  majority  and  retaliate  upon  their 
former  censors.  Such  terms  as  Bourbon  and  Mossback 
thereupon  enter  into  more  general  use,  and  new  claim- 
ants to  the  title  of  crank  take  the  place  of  their  prede- 
cessors in  public  derision  ;  who  have  been  promoted  to 
the  degree  of  reformers.  In  politics  the  original 
Abolitionists  were  at  first  more  roundly  denounced  here 
by  the  Whigs  than  Democrats,  for  the  very  good  reason 
that  they  sometimes  coalesced  with  the  latter,  who  were 
the  minority,  thus  laying  open  the  fastnesses  of  an  an- 
cient Federalistic  Stronghold.  They  caused  great 
uneasiness  in  our  earliest  established  church,  because, 
within  the  organization,  they  forced  the  brethren  to  a 
reluctant  expression  of  opinion  on  resolutions,  drawn 
without  reference  to  the  dicta  of  the  General  Associa- 
tion of  the  State,  and  calculated  to  commit  the  church 
to  an  extreme  anti-slavery  policy,  before  it  could  possi- 
bly be  divined  whether  slavery  was  to  be  "  voted  up  or 
down, "and,  outside  of  the  standing  order,  they  affiliated 
with  the  Unitarians,  harbored  the  Non-Resistants,  and 
welcomed  Garrison,  Rogers,  Pillsbury  and  other  aboli- 
tion free  thinkers  into  the  local  pulpit  and  forum. 
(Acts  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Apostles,  p.  292.)  Through 
all  the  political  vicissitudes  of  1840,  1844,  1848,  1852 
and  1856,  they  kept  their  speakers  speaking,  their 
books,  pamphlets,  and  libraries  in  circulation,  regularly 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  7 7 

read  their  resolutions  in  the  First  Congregational 
church  and  maintained  a  very  reliable  and  interesting 
balance  of  power  between  the  regular  political  organi- 
zations. Then  arose  that  dense  political  fog,  popularly 
known  as  Knoiv  Nothingism,  and  overspread  the  land. 
Under  this  umbration,  Whigs  betook  themselves  to 
Democracy  ;  Democrats,  Whigs  and  Abolitionists  found 
refuge  in  Republicanism, — some  moved  by  the  prompt- 
ings of  patriotic  conviction,  some  from  political  sore- 
headedness,  and  some  with  hungry  eyes  fixed  on  the 
main  chance.  The  Unitarian  ecclesiastical  organiza- 
tion had  given  way,  and  a  Methodist  establishment  had 
been  permanently  planted.  Rival  newspapers  were 
discussing  the  new  issues  upon  which  the  people  were 
dividing.  From  1856  to  1861,  the  young  men  had  seen 
political  changes  taking  place  in  such  rapid  succession, 
that  their  political  convictions  could  hardly  be  regarded 
as  of  the  "  dyed  in  the  wool"  description.  The  great 
division  of  sentiment  was  over  policies  claimed  to  in- 
volve the  unsettling  of  vested  rights.  The  process  of 
discussion  and  peaceable  agitation  might  have  gone  on 
indefinitely  had  not  the  masters  of  the  situation  in  the 
South  absolved  all  parties  from  further  obligation  to 
continue  a  contest  of  ideas  under  the  established  forms 
of  political  action.  Since  the  agitation  was  begun  here 
in  our  public  halls,  churches  and  at  every  fireside,  by 
the  original  Abolitionists  of  Littleton,  a  generation  had 
passed  from  tender  childhood  to  sturdy  manhood.  They 
had  watched  the  transition  from  the  conservatism  of 
Webster  and  Cass  to  the  radicalism  of  Greeley,  Hale 


7  8  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

and  Chase.  Intellectually  they  were  educated  to  an 
appreciation  of  the  magnitude  of  the  crisis  that  had 
culminated,  and  to  foresee  their  own  part  in  the  great 
events  that  were  impending.  In  that  school,  the  young 
men  of  '61,  had  their  only  education  for  the  martial 
effort  which  it  was  theirs  to  sustain  through  four  years 
of  war,  unprecedented,  on  this  continent,  in  its  demands 
on  the  courage,  constancy,  discipline  and  self  sacrifice 
of  the  people.  By  a  strange  course  of  affairs,  it  tran- 
spired that  as  the  intellectual  conflict  over  the  slavery 
question  and  the  rights  of  the  States  advanced,  the 
military  spirit,  with  us,  seemed  pari  passu  to  recede. 
Although  an  elaborate  military  establishment  had  been 
maintained  in  New  Hampshire  from  the  time  of  the 
Revolution  to  the  election  of  Franklin  Pierce  to  the 
presidency,  the  boys  of  '61  knew  it  only  as  a  holiday 
memory  of  childhood.  A  campaign  company  of  Wide 
Awakes,  in  the  Fall  of  1860,  commanded  by  a  staff 
major  of  the  old  militia,  had  given  a  few  of  them  the 
meaning  of  the  manual  of  arms  as  applied  to  a  stick 
and  torch.  To  the  multitude,  however,  all  that  remained 
of  the  old  time  physical  preparations  for  war  were  the 
rusted  and  moth  eaten  accoutrements  of  the  paternal 
garret  and  the  usual  variety  of  titles  preserved  from  the 
rural  muster  fields  for  the  adornment  of  the  names  of 
the  prominent  men  of  a  former  generation.  We  had  no 
veterans  of  Mexican  campaigns  or  Indian  affrays  to  tell 
what  war  was.  Cross  and  Bedel  had  not  yet  returned 
to  rally  their  fellows  of  the  mountain  country  for  the 
fight.  Littleton,  in  1861,  was  the  most  Northern  rail- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  79 

road  terminus  in  the  State  with  the  exception  of  the 
towns  in  Coos  on  the  line  of  the  Atlantic  and  St.  Law- 
rence. The  story  of  Sumter  and  the  call  for  75,000 
men  came  to  us  in  our  turn  as  the  uncertain  steam  pro- 
pelled the  dilapidated  rolling  stock  of  the  old  Boston, 
Concord  and  Montreal,  and  White  Mountain  Railroads 
to  the  Northward.  We  had  no  telegraphic  wires,  and 
, had  not  yet  come  to  be  impatient  at  the  speed  of  steam. 
In  this  connection  two  important  dates  may  well  be 
borne  in  mind.  April  I2th  the  Confederates  opened 
fire  on  Fort  Sumter  and  on  the  I5th  President  Lincoln 
issued  the  first  call  for  volunteers.  The  People's  Jour- 
nal, then  our  only  local  newspaper,  under  date  of  April 
i pth  contained  an  abundance  of  stirring  news,  among 
which  was  the  account  of  the  bombardment  of  Fort 
Sumter  and  its  surrender,  the  President's  proclamation 
of  the  1 5th  inst.,  the  announcement  of  the  tender  of  aid 
to  the  administration  by  Senator  Douglas,  the  proffer  of 
his  services  to  the  government  by  Gen.  Stark,  late 
Democratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  New  Hampshire, 
the  call  for  troops  from  this  State  to  sustain  the  govern- 
ment, and  the  offer  of  transportation  by  the  railroads 
and  of  funds  by  the  banks  of  the  State.  There  was 
also  a  spirited  editorial  on  "The  Call  to  Arms."  Col. 
Henry  W.  Rowell,  then  lately  editor  of  the  People's 
Journal,  was  a  member  of  Gov.  Goodwin's  military 
staff.  He  brought  a  commission  to  enlist  the  boys  and 
men  of  the  Ammonoosuc  valley  and  the  Oliverian  slope, 
and  opened  a  recruiting  office  April  20.  The  first  day 
thirteen  men  enlisted,  eight  of  them  being  of  Littleton. 


80  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

Evarts  W.  Farr  and  William  W.  Weller  were  the  first 
to  offer  themselves.  By  a  mutual  understanding  Mr. 
Farr's  name  was  first  enrolled.  He  was  made  Lieuten- 
ant and  Captain  in  the  Second ;  lost  an  arm  at  Wil- 
liamsburg ;  was  Major  of  the  Eleventh  and  prevented 
from  reaching  high  rank  in  the  service  only  by  the 
personal  hostility  of  Gen.  Walter  Harriman  and  his 
friends.  In  civil  life  he  had  an  honorable  record  as. 
Assessor  of  Revenue,  County  Solicitor,  Executive 
Councillor,  and  Congressman.  At  Lancaster,  Hugh 
R.  Richardson,  better  known  as  "  Rennie,"  afterwards 
a  Captain  in  the  Second  Regiment,  whose  paternal 
residence  was  then  at  Littleton,  though  he  was  a  native 
of  Chicopee,  Mass.,  was  the  first  to  enlist  in  Coos 
county.  Meantime,  Wm.  A.  Moore,  another  Littleton 
boy,  had  enlisted  at  Brooklyn  in  Duryea's  Zouaves,  the 
5th  New  York,  afterwards,  but  before  he  had  attained 
his  majority,  to  become  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  New 
Hampshire  and  to  fall  at  Fredericksburg ;  another, 
Samuel  Graves  Goodwin,  was  enlisting  in  New  York 
in  Ellsworth's  Zouaves,  the  nth  New  York,  and  he  was 
afterwards  brevetted  major  of  the  Sixth  New  Hampshire 
for  good  conduct  in  the  service  of  that  reliable  organi- 
zation, which  he  entered  as  a  Lieutenant.  Geo.  E. 
Pingree,  another  native  of  this  town,  was  one  of  these 
early  recruits  from  Lisbon,  and  a  little  later  on,  corres- 
pondent of  the  People's  Journal,  from  the  Second  Regi- 
ment, over  the  signature  of  "Volunteer."  He  subse- 
quently became  a  Captain  in  the  Eleventh  Regiment. 
Still  another  was  Theron  A.  Farr,  who  became  a  Cap- 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  8 1 

tain  in  the  Fifth  Regiment.  Alpha  Burnham  Farr, 
also  a  native  of  this  town,  was  Adjutant  of  the  famous 
Massachusetts  Sixth  and  participated  in  their  historic 
march  through  Baltimore. 

The  next  issue  of  the  local  paper  describes  the  de- 
parture of  Mr.  B.  W.  Kilburn  as  a  minute  man  for  the 
defence  of  the  Capitol.  Upon  hearing  of  the  march  of 
the  Secessionists  upon  Washington,  he  arranged  his 
business  affairs  and  on  Tuesday  with  his  own  rifle  left 
for  Washington. 

He  was  escorted  to  the  train  by  a  band  of  music,  the 
company  of  recruits  and  a  multitude  of  people,  "  confi- 
dent," says  the  reporter,  "of  the  best  wishes  and  the 
admiration  of  his  town's  people,  he  entered  the  cars  and 
was  borne  onward  to  the  field  of  action  amid  the  cheers 
of  the  recruits  and  townsmen." 

Before  the  7th  of  May,  when  the  company  took  its 
departure  for  Portsmouth,  seventy  men  had  been 
recruited  at  this  station.  Twenty  were  of  Littleton  and 
the  remainder  from  the  towns  of  the  vicinity  in  North- 
eastern Grafton.  The  names  of  nearly  all  of  the  three 
months  men  have  been  preserved  in  the  original  enlist- 
ment papers  in  the  Adjutant  General's  office  at  Concord, 
but  it  is  not  known  that  a  complete  printed  roll  is  any- 
where accessible  or  has  ever  been  attempted. 

This  is  true  of  hundreds  of  the  patriots,  who  re- 
sponded to  this  first  summons  and  who  are  not  enrolled 
in  the  First  and  Second  Regiments. 

This  period  was  one  in  which  popular  excitement  and 
enthusiasm  were  raised  to  a  high  pitch.  Probably 


8  2  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

there  never  was  a  time  in  years  before  or  since,  when 
there  was  a  more  united  public  sentiment  on  any  subject 
approaching  this  in  importance.  There  was  underlying 
it  all  an  earnest  and  deep-seated  purpose  to  maintain 
the  Union  of  the  Fathers  at  any  cost.  Public  meetings 
were  held  in  all  the  principal  villages  of  the  vicinity. 
Men  of  eloquence  appealed  to  an  easily  aroused  public 
opinion  and  urged  prompt  and  unequivocal  action. 
Leading  citizens  abandoned  the  exacting  demands  of 
business  and  lent  their  influence  in  aid  of  the  cause. 
Women  caught  the  infectious  spirit  of  the  hour  and 
added  inspiration  to  the  uprising. 

The  progress  of  this  work  of  preparation,  as  it  was 
seen  of  all  men  here,  fortunately  is  not  a  mere  matter 
of  memory  or  speculation.  Undoubtedly  the  story  is 
truthfully  told  in  the  columns  of  the  local  newspaper. 
It  apparently  reflects  the  spirit  of  the  times  in  every 
issue.  For  the  vivid  and  picturesque  reports  that 
appear  in  its  colums,  we  are  indebted  to  Maj.  W.  J. 
Bellows,  and  William  Davis,  afterwards  a  Lieutenant  in 
the  Third  Regiment,  who  were  the  editors  of  the  Peo- 
ple's Journal  in  the  period  under  review. 

The  accounts  which  give  the  names  of  the  officers, 
speakers  and  proceedings  at  the  war  meetings,  bristle 
with  the  electric  enthusiasm  of  the  people.  Their  una- 
nimity is  equally  apparent.  The  leaders  of  both 
political  parties  were  in  full  accord,  and  intensely  active 
in  bringing  up  the  quota.  The  record  is  so  replete 
with  exhilarating  and  interesting  incidents  that,  were 
it  other  than  a  repetition  of  like  scenes,  remembered  as 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  83 

transpiring  in  all  parts  of  the  State,  it  might  well  be 
reproduced  in  its  entirety.  This,  however,  is  not  the 
occasion  for  extended  details  and  it  is  not  practicable  to 
mention  even  the  names  of  all  who  were  prominently 
active  and  useful  or  to  give  the  many  abstracts  of  stir- 
ring speeches  that  were  reported.  Yet  it  will  not  be 
regarded  as  invidious  to  quote  the  unique  address  given 
by  James  Dow,  a  scarred  old  veteran  of  1812.  He 
appealed  to  the  volunteers  in  this  wise  : — 

SPEECH    OF   JAMES    DOW. 

"He  said  he  had  fought  for  his  country,  and  desired 
to  do  so  again  ;  he  had  shouldered  a  shell  ;  it  hurt  his 
shoulder ;  he  was  willing  to  shoulder  another.  The 
old  Veteran  was  very  anxious  to  march  at  the  call  of 
his  country  ;  he  wished  to  accompany  the  Massachu- 
setts troops.  He  had  no  more  fear  in  going  into  battle, 
or  engaging  in  battle,  than  in  working  in  his  door  yard, 
believing  that  if  born  to  be  hung  he  would  not  be  shot. 
In  the  last  war  with  Great  Britian,  the  portion  of  the 
army  he  was  with,  had  during  the  whole  campaign,  but 
five  bushels  of  potatoes,  and  out  of  this  lot  he  hadjfo^. 
They  had  bread  and  beef  for  breakfast  and  beef  and 
bread  for  supper.  They  would  gnaw  on  a  bone,  then 
look  at  the  British  and  growl.  If  he  was  twenty-five 
years  younger  he  would  like  no  better  fun  than  pitching 
into  the  rebels.  They  had  refused  to  settle  the  matter 
peaceably  and  had  inaugurated  war  and  now  he  was 
for  sticking  it  into  them." 

The  young  ladies  of  the  High  School  organized 
themselves  into  a  company,  named  for  their  preceptor, 


§4  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

the  Dewey  Guards.  On  the  23d  of  April,  the  local 
chronicle  says,  "they  assembled  in  line  and  awaited  the 
appearance  of  the  recruits,  who  had  been  invited  to 
report  near  the  headquarters  of  the  Dewey  Guards. 
About  one  o'clock,  the  recruits,  having  marched  down, 
headed  by  the  Littleton  Brass  Band,  took  up  a  line  near 
the  Post  Office.  The  young  ladies  had  prepared  a 
supply  of  Union  badges,  for  them."  Miss  Georgianna 
A.  Hadley  delivered  the  following  presentation  speech  : 

ADDRESS  OF  MISS  HADLEY. 

"Soldiers:  In  behalf  of  the  young  ladies  of  this 
place,  I  take  pleasure  in  presenting  you  each  with  a 
badge  composed  of  Red,  White  and  Blue — the  emblem 
of  the  '  Stars  and  Stripes '  that  have  so  long  waved 
over  our  beloved  country.  The  Red,  White  and  Blue, 
emblematical  of  Innocence,  Love,  Fidelity,  Liberty  and 
Devotion  to  our  country.  We  present  you  these  badges 
as  a  token  of  our  sympathy  for  the  cause  in  which  you 
are  engaged,  and  approbation  for  the  prompt  manner  in 
which  you.  have  responded  to  our  country's  call,  to 
defend  her  rights  and  preserve  unsullied  the  honor  of 
our  national  flag.  We  ask  you  as  men,  as  you  love 
your  firesides  and  all  that  is  dear  to  you  on  earth,  to 
fight  manfully  the  battles  of  freedom,  always  defending 
the  right,  and  frowning  upon  the  wrong. 

Go,  at  your  country's  call,  with  brave  hearts  and 
strong  arms,  putting  your  faith  in  the  '  God  of  Battles' 
and  the  victory  shall  be  yours.  Go,  defend  your  wives, 
mothers  and  sisters,  and  the  homes  that  gave  you  birth 
— around  which  cluster  all  that  is  sacred  and  dear. 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  85 

Go,  resting  assured  that  our  warmest  sympathies  go 
with  you,  and  may  God  speed  you  in  your  duty  and 
give  you  a  safe^  return  to  the  bosom  of  your  friends." 

The  badges  were  distributed  bv  Misses   Jennie  W. 

O  •/       '  «P 

Jackson  and  Ellen  M.  Applebee,  and  were  gladly 
received. 

Evarts  W.  Farr  responded  for  the  recruits,  in  a  very 
appropriate  and  commendable  manner.  The  young 
ladies  expressed  themselves  highly  gratified  at  the 
appearance  of  the  badges  on  the  volunteers,  and  felt 
well  paid  for  their  labors.  Everything  connected  with 
the  occasion  was  successfully  carried  out. 

The  following  extract  will  be  sufficient  to  indicate 
that  with  the  progress  of  the  events  of  the  "day,  wheth- 
er it  was  the  girls,  or  the  music,  or  the  soldiers,  or  the 
speeches,  that  were  to  be  eulogized,  the  reporter's  pen 
did  not  lag. 

Of  what  transpired  in  the  evening  of  the  same  day, 
he  says  : — 

"Evening.  The  war  spirit  being  aroused  in  the 
hearts  of  the  fair  ones,  it  was  kept  burning  until  even- 
ing, when  they  made  their  appearance  again,  neatly 
dressed,  and  wearing  Union  rosettes.-  They  assembled 
at  the  same  place  as  at  noon,  and  arranged  themselves 
in  double  file,  under  their  Preceptor,  Mr.  Dewey,  the 
front  pair  bearing  a  beautiful  American  flag.  This 
brigade  who  voted  to  call  themselves  the  "Dewey 
Guards,"  seemed  ready  and  willing  enough  to  engage 
in  unmanning  any  city,  and  penetrate  to  the  very  heart 
and  capture  it. 


86  'FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

The  recruits  marched  to  martial  music,  with  their 
muskets,  down  by  the  Dewey  Guards,  and  being  soon 
joined  by  the  Littleton  'Brass  Band,  in  full  uniform, 
which  looked  well,  marched  through  the  village,  when 
the  recruits  and  Dewey  Guards  combined,  and  accom- 
panied by  an  immense  throng  of  citizens,  who  joined  in 
the  procession,  marched  to  the  hall.  It  was  a  fine 
sight,  that  procession,  a  perfect  Union  throughout.  We 
still  believe  that  the  ladies,  as  well  as  the  men,  are  for 
Union,  now  and  forever." 

The  young  women  did  not  stop  with  the  presentation 
of  the  badges  of  red,  white  and  blue  ribbon.  Probably 
the  recruits  had  caught  the  "growl"  of  the  men  who 
fought  the  British  at  Lunday's  Lane,  from  James  Dow, 
the  veteran,  who  had  "  shouldered' the  shell,"  and  they 
must  have  talked  of  assailing  rebeldom  at  close  quar- 
ters, even  at  the  point  of  the  pistol.  At  this  stage,  we 
read,  too,  that  Col.  Tilton,  of  Sanbornton,  the  inspector 
of  recruits,  was  giving  his  opinion  that  Springfield 
revolvers  were  preferable  to  any  others.  The  Dewey 
Guards  were  equal  to  the  emergency.  If  the  volun- 
teers would  have  revolvers  they  were  forthcoming. 

In  the  report  of  one  of  the  war  meetings  mention  is 
thus  made  of  what  the  young  ladies  had  done  to  put  the 
boys  in  fighting  trim  : — 

"Dr.  Moore  acquainted  the  audience  with  the  fact 
that  the  ladies  of  this  place  had  contributed  $70.00 
towards  furnishing  the  Littleton  recruits  with  revolvers. 
Out  of  justice  to  the  ladies  for  their  noble  and  patriotic 
conduct,  we  must  correct  the  doctor.  Instead  of  $70.00, 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  87 

they  had  contributed  $80.00,  and  placed  all  with  the 
exception  of  a  mere  trifle  in  the  hands  of  Misses  Luella 
Goold  and  Elizabeth  Moore,  who,  we  understand,  are 
the  originators  of  this  move,  and  who  have  done  the 
running,  talking,  etc." 

Who  can  cast  reflections  upon  the  judgment  of  the 
girls  in  expending  their  war  treasure  on  such  weapons, 
when  experienced  military  men  anticipated  only  that 
the  rebellion  would  be  subdued,  like  any  riot,  with 
Springfield  revolvers  ? 

When  women  are  aggressively  patriotic,  recreant  men 
are  contemptible.  Here  the  real  manhood  of  the  "en- 
rolled militia  "  was  certainly  put  to  a  Spartan  test  by  the 
Dewey  Guards.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  spirit 
of  these  Littleton  girls  was  no  inconsiderable  one  of  the 
influences  that  moved  their  brothers  to  stand  unflinch- 
ingly to  the  performance  of  a  heroic  part. 

The  church  also  took  up  the  work  on  the  Sabbath 
where  secular  effort,  in  less  momentous  times,  might 
have  left  it  at  the  end  of  the  week.  As  at  the  ancient 
Temple  of  Janus,  the  gates  of  our  houses  of  worship 
were  thrown  open  that  war  might  be  proclaimed ;  and 
the  sounds  within  were  calls  to  arms. 

This  is  the  scene  as  pictured  by  the  pens  of  those 
who  saw  it. 

PROCEEDINGS    OF    SUNDAY. 

"Very  different  indeed  to  that  of  sabbaths  heretofore, 
in  this  place,  was  last  sabbath.  How  entirely  different 
was  the  general  aspect  to  that  of  a  week  ago.  Instead 
of  streets  destitute  of  people,  save  here  and  there  a  sol- 


88  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

itary  one,  the  streets  were  alive  with  people  passing  in 
every  direction.  All  was  commotion  and  bustle.  Flags 
were  floating  in  the  breeze,  and  nothing  but  war  was 
talked  of.  Our  village,  usually  quiet  on  the  sabbath, 
had  the  noise  and  confusion  of  a  city  of  fair  proportions, 
on  ordinary  occasions.  The  solemnity  of  the  occasion 
was  entirely  forgotten  in  the  warlike  preparations  and 
military  appearance  of  the  people.  The  sound  of  the 
church-going  bell,  calling  people  to  the  House  of  God, 
seemed  more  like  a  call  to  arms.  Its  solemn  tones,  as 
they  rang  out  mournfully  upon  the  air,  made  an  earnest 
appeal  and  betokened  something  of  an  unusual  nature. 
The  appeal  was  irresistible.  In  it  we  recognized  the 
voice  that  called  the  Revolutionary  fathers  together  for 
counsel. 

At  the  church-going  hour,  instead  of  the  quiet  tread 
of  devout  people  wending  their  way  to  the  house  of 
prayer,  could  be  heard  the  heavy  tread  of  marshaled 
soldiers,  and  shrill  strains  of  warlike  music.  The  Lit- 
tleton Brass  Band  were  out  in  uniform,  and  escorted 
the  volunteers  to  the  Congregational  church.  "Wash- 
ington's March  "  was  well  executed. 

Arriving  at  the  church  the  band  filed  along  the  plat- 
form, facing  the  road,  while  the  volunteers  drew  up  in 
line  in  front  of  the  church,  facing  the  band,  and  in  that 
position  all  listened  to  the  air  "  America,"  by  the  band ; 
after  which  the  volunteers  and  band  entered  the  church 
in  single  file  and  occupied  seats  reserved  for  them.  As 
soon  as  the  volunteers  were  fairly  seated,  the  choir  ii)  a 
very  commendable  manner  sang  the  national  song, 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  89 

"America,"  and  the  services  opened  with  a  short 
prayer,  followed  by  the  choir  in  the'  American  hymn, 

"  Who,  when  darkness  gathered  o'er  us, 

Foes  and  death  on  every  side." 

Then    the    lesson,   Malachi,    xxx,    a  prayer,   and    the 

singing  of  the  hymn, 

"  The  breaking  waves  dashed  high, 
On  a  stern  and  rock-bound  coast," 

preceded  a  sermon  by  Rev.  Chas.  E.  Milliken,  pastor, 
on  the  present  crisis,  from  the  words  found  in  n  Sam- 
uel, tenth  chapter,  twelfth  verse.  The  discourse 
was  eagerly  listened  to,  and  very  generally  well 
received. 

At  the  close  of  the  service,  the  congregation  tarriecT 
till  the  troops  had  passed  out  and  resumed  the  position 
they  occupied  immediately  before  entering,  and  the 
band  discoursed  the  air,  "  Home,  Sweet  Home,  "  at  the 
conclusion  of  which  the  troops  marched  to  headquar- 
ters. 

Afternoon.  Recruits  assembled  at  the  time  appointed 
and  were  escorted  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
(Rev.  Geo.  S.  Barnes,  pastor)  in  this  village,  by  the 
Littleton  Brass  Band,  who  played  the  national  air, 
"The  Marseillaise  Hymn."  Arrived  at  the  church, 

• 

recruits  drew  up  in  line  and  listened  to  the  air,  "  Amer- 
ica "  by  the  band,  then  filed  into  the  church.  The 
services  were  very  impressive  throughout.  The  sermon 
was  preached  from  Matthew,  twenty-fourth  chapter, 
sixth  verse,  and  was  an  able  effort. 


9°  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

During  the  delivery  of  a  portion  of  the  discourse, 
the  whole  congregation  was  bathed  in  tears.  Young 
and  old  wept.  Old  men  wept  at  the  mention  of  the 
disgraceful  manner  in  which  the  Southern  rebels  had 
insulted  and  trampled  upon  the  American  flag.  Young 
men  wept  also  at  the  abuse  heaped  upon  our  govern- 
ment, and  country,  and  our  country's  flag,  and  could 
not  as  yet  revenge  it.  The  mention  by  the  preacher  of 
the  rebel  flag  flying  above  the  blackened  and  grim 
walls  of  Fort  Sumter,  was  sufficient  to  cause  strong  men 
to  weep  as  they  never  wept  before.  The  thought  that 
the  flag  of  our  country,  which  has  never  been  lowered 
or  bowed  in  humility  to  any  foreign  power,  however 

powerful,  should  be   torn  down  by  a  rebel  band  from 
• 
one  of  our  own  forts,  and  supplanted  by  a  rebel  flag, 

is  too  much  for  patriotic  hearts  to  bear  without  emotion. 
That  flag  must  be  replaced,  let  it  cost  what  it  will. 
The  flag  of  our  country,  colored  as  it  were  in  the  blood 
of  the  sires  and  grandsires  of  the  present  generation, 
must  by  their  children  be  defended  and  preserved. 
Where  it  still  floats  proudly  and  majestically,  there 
they  must  keep  it  floating  ;  and  where  it  has  by  violent, 
and  rebel  hands  been  torn  down,  they  must,  if  it 
requires  every  drop  of  blood  in  their  veins,  restore  it. 
There  it  must  be  re-planted  and  kept  floating.  They 
must  preserve  inviolable,  the  bequest  of  their  sires.  A 
flag  for  which  our  Revolutionary  fathers  endured  a 
long,  arduous  campaign  of  eight  years  duration,  and 
in  which  thousands  of  patriots  expended  their  lives  to 
establish,  cannot  be  permitted  to  be  demolished,  or  dis- 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  91 

graced  by  their  children.  It  as  well  deserves  the  shed- 
ding of  our  blood  as  it  did  that  of  our  fathers,  and  if 
need  be  it  must  have  it. 

The  recruits  passed  out  while  the  congregation 
remained,  and  fell  into  line  while  the  band  played  the 
air  of  "  Home,  Sweet  Home,"  after  which  the  company 
marched  off  to  the  tap  of  the  drum." 

There  was  in  those  days  but  little  talked  of  and  but 
little  done  that  did  not  have  reference  to  the  impending 
conflict.  All  eyes  watched  the  progress  of  the  volun- 
teers as  they  mastered  the  rudiments  of  their  education 
for  the  work  of  war.  General  E.  O.  Kenney,  the  last 
Brigade  Commander  in  the  old  system,  taught  the  men 
in  the  school  of  the  soldier.  James  Dow,  the  veteran, 
and  his  sons  and  grandsons  were  the  drum  corps,  from 
whose  inspiring  strains  they  caught  the  step.  The  old 
man  stood  erect,  martial  and  determined,  the  very 
incarnation  of  the  spirit  of  '76,  as  pictured  in  the  his- 
toric painting  of  Yankee  Doodle. 

At  length  the  company  was  filled,  uniformed  and 
drilled.  The  order  carne  to  report  in  camp  at  Ports- 
mouth, and  thus  their  departure  is  described  : 

DEPARTURE    OF    RECRUITS. 

"The  recruits  mustered  at  this  place,  numbering 
seventy,  all  told,  took  their  departure  from  this  place 
Tuesday  morning,  accompanied  by  the  Lancaster  and 
Coos  company.  They  go  direct  to  Portsmouth  to  help 
make  up  the  Second  New  Hampshire  Regiment.  The 
company  will  compare  favorably  with  any  company  of 
volunteers  raised  in  the  State.  Colonel  H.  W.  Rowell, 


92  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

General  E.  O.  Kenney  and  Colonel  Tilton  accompanied 
the  recruits.  An  immense  crowd  of  people  assembled 
at  the  depot  to  see  the  troops  oft'.  The  Littleton  com- 
pany were  escorted  to  the  depot  by  the  Littleton  Brass 
Band  in  full  uniform.  The  company  looked  well  as 
they  kept  step  to  the  good  old  tune  of  '  Yankee  Doodle.' 
Upon  arriving  at  the  depot  the  company  formed  into 
line  and  cheered  lustily  and  repeatedly.  While  in  this 
position  they  were  each  presented  with  a  beautiful  copy 
of  the  New  Testament,  a  gift  by  the  ladies.  The  dis- 
tribution was  made  by  Misses  Elizabeth  Goold,  Eliz- 
abeth Moore  and  Helen  Morse. 

A  large  crowd  was  present  to  see  the  troops  depart. 
It  was  an  affecting  scene,  but  none  were  urged  to 
return  till  the  victory  was  won.  The  trip  down  was  a 
perfect  ovation  along  the  whole  route.  Intelligence 
received  says  that  the  boys  are  all  well,  and  enjoying  a 
soldier's  life.  '  The  living  is  very  good,  but  don't 
quite  come  up  to  Thayer's  hotel  fare,'  says  one  of  them." 

To  some  all  this  may  seem  too  familiar  to  be  worthy 
of  repetition,  but  to  the  great  multitude  who,  since 
those  April  days,  have  commenced  the  journey  over  the 
stages  of  life,  the  scenes  here  described  are  history  and 
not  experience.  They  will  always  have  a  peculiar 
place  in  the  story  of  the  times,  because  then,  if  never 
before  or  since,  there  was  union  of  hearts  and  of 
hands  in  the  country's  cause.  If  there  were  dissent- 
ing voices  they  were  so  insignificant  as  to  serve  only 
to  make  more  manifest  the  general  harmony  of  sen- 
timent. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  93 

"  Then  none  was  for  a  party, 
Then  all  were  for  the  State." 

When  these  first  volunteers  had  gone  out  from  our 
midst  and  the  cooler  moments  of  reflection  on  conditions 
had  succeeded  those  that  were  so  full  of  exciting  events, 
the  editor  of  the  People's  Journal  records  these  obser- 
vations, which  are  undoubtedly  a  fair  reflection  of  the 
state  of  public  opinion  within  the  circle  of  his  observa- 
tions : 

LITTLETON    A    UNIT. 

"We  confidently  assert  that  in  this  town  there  is  a 
unanimity  of  sentiment  in  regard  to  the  course  hereto- 
fore pursued  by  the  present  administration,  and  its 
present  policy  so  far  as  indicated  relative  to  the  present 
crisis,  which  is  extremely  gratifying  to  all  who  would 
sustain  the  government  and  perpetuate  the  Union. 

That  there  may  be  a  few  among  us  who  do  not  fully 
sympathize  with  the  general  uprising  in  the  loyal  States 
we  will  not  deny.  But,  God  be  praised,  their  number 
is  so  small  that  serious  doubts  of  the  soundness  of  their 
own  views  will  be  likely  to  prevent  them  from  trying  to 
exert  an  influence  upon  others.  We  do  not  hesitate  to 
say  that  the  Democrats  in  this  town  have  thus  far  done 
nobly,  and  very  many  of  them,  to  say  the  least,  are 
deserving  of  the  highest  commendation  .for  the  manly 
and  patriotic  manner  in  which  they  have  helped  to 
banish  for  the  present  all  party  lines  and  distinctions, 
and  come  forward  to  the  support  of  the  administration 
in  its  efforts  to  sustain  the  government.  Not  that  the 
Democrats  are  under  less  obligations  than  the  Repub- 


94  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

licans  to  support  the  constitution  and  the  laws,  do  we 
award  them  praise,  but  because  they  have  shown  them- 
selves to  be  true  men,  ready  to  bury  party  prejudices 
when  the  demands  of  patriotism  require  it,  and  take 
position  in  the  front  ranks,  side  by  side  with  their  polit- 
ical enemies,  ready  to  devote  their  lives  and  fortunes, 
if  need  be,  in  preserving  the  honor  of  our  national  flag. 

Let  us  all  strive  to  preserve  that  unanimity,  as  the 
surest  guaranty  that  the  institutions  of  our  fathers  shall 
be  handed  down  to  our  children,  not  only  unimpaired, 
but  with  additional  security  for  their  perpetuity." 

Such  is  an  outline  of  an  important  epoch  in  local 
history.  It  will  serve  inadequately  to  reflect  the  fires 
of  patriotism  that  burned  in  1861  upon  all  our  hillsides. 
The  march  of  events,  however,  soon  proved  that  all 
this  was  but  the  beginning  of  the  ordeal  through 
which  this  town,  like  others,  was  to  pass  with  constant 
devotion  to  the  end. 

A  pregnant  statement  was  made  to  the  particular 
credit  of  this  town  on  another  occasion.  The  whole 
number  of  enrolled  militia  of  the  town  in  1861,  it  was 
said,  was  217.  The  registration  lists  bore  the  names 
of  only  582  legal  voters.  The  whole  number  of  men 
actually  furnished  for  the  War  was  considerably  in 
excess  of  the  number  enrolled  in  1861  as  liable  to  be 
called  by  law  to  military  duty. 

"  And  it  came  to  pass,  from  this  time  forth,  that  one- 
half  of  my  servants  wrought  in  the  work,  and  half  of 
them  held  the  spears,  the  shields  and  the  bows,  and 
the  coats  of  mail." 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  95 

Hon.  Thomas  Cogswell  contributes  the  following  ac- 
count of  the  part  taken  in  the  war  by  the  "boys  of 
Dartmouth  College." 

The  usually  quiet  town  of  Hanover,  long  noted  as  the 
seat  of  Dartmouth  College,  was  awakened  by  the  first 
shot  fired  upon  Fort  Sumter,  and  from  that  time  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  furnished  her  full  quota  of  men  who 
enlisted,  some  of  them,  in  nearly  every  regiment  that 
went  from  New  Hampshire.  The  students  of  the  col- 
lege were  animated  by  a  spirit  of  patriotism  that  early 
showed  itself  in  their  forming  companies  for  drill  in  the 
school  of  the  soldier.  Norwich  University,  a  military 
school,  was  at  this  time  in  successful  operation,  and  those 
of  its  students  who  were  proficient  in  military  tactics, 
were  employed  to  drill  and  teach  the  student  companies. 
The  writer  well  remembers  how,  with  many  others,  he 
learned  his  first  lesson  in  soldiering,  on  the  campus  at 
Hanover,  in  the  early  mornings  of  the  Fall  of  1861. 

This  drill  was  of  great  value  in  the  years  just  follow- 
ing, when  so  many  of  the  student  boys,  leaving  their 
books  and  lessons  unlearned,  went  forth  from  home  and 
college  for  the  untried  scenes  of  actual  warfare. 

Men  from  the  college  enlisted  in  the  very  beginning  of 
the  struggle.  Notably,  Evarts  W.  Farr  from  the  class  of 
'63  who  raised  a  company  and  was  made  a  Captain  in  the 
2d  N.  H.  Vols.,  and  who  lost  an  arm  at  Williamsburg. 
He  was  aftenvards  appointed  Major  of  the  nth  N.  H. 
Vols.,  and  after  the  close  of  the  war  entered  upon  a 
brilliant  career  in  civil  life,  at  the  time  of  his  death 
being  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  Hampshire. 


96  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

The  greater  number  of  the  students,  however,  re- 
mained at  their  studies  until  the  Summer  and  Fall  of 
1862,  when,  a  year  having  passed,  and  the  war  not 
brought  to  a  close,  as  had  been  so  often  predicted  it 
would  be  in  sixty  or  ninety  days,  even  by  those  in  high 
authority,  they  realized  the  fact  that  a  long  hard  strug- 
gle was  upon  our  country,  and  from  that  time  held 
themselves  in  readiness  to  go  to  the  front  as  their  ser- 
vices seemed  to  be  needed.  The  large  drain  from  the 
college  took  place  in  the  Summer  of  1862.  One  com- 
pany of  students  enlisted  and  left  in  June,  1862,  com- 
manded by  Captain  S.  S.  Burr  of  the  class  of  1863. 
They  offered  their  services  to  the  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire,  but  were  not  accepted.  They  then  joined 
the  Rhode  Island  Cavalry  and  became  a  part  of  the 
troops  from  that  State,  having  been  accepted  by  Gover- 
nor Sprague.  They  served  three  months  manfully  ancf 
well,  and  gained  hearty  applause  and  a  good  name 
wherever  they  went. 

The  company  was  known  as  the  "  College  Cavaliers." 
This  is  the  only  instance  so  far  as  I  am  aware  where  a 
whole  company  was  composed  of  college  students,  and 
those  very  largely  from  one  college.  A  great  many 
who  were  not  members  of  the  "  Cavaliers"  joined  other 
regiments  and  served  for  a  longer  time.  In  some  of 
the  classes,  notably  that  of  '63,  nearly  half  of  its  mem- 
bers became  connected  with  and  did  service  in  some 
regiment,  a  large  part  of  whom  held  important  posi- 
tions. The  New  Hampshire  sharp  shooters  were  very 
largely  officered  by  Dartmouth  students.  The  members 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  97 

of  the  college  filled  nearly  all  positions  from  General 
down  to  private,  and,  by  their  bravery,  brought  lasting 
honor  upon  their  Alma  Mater. 

Those  that  came  out  of  the  terrible  carnage  have 
made  better  citizens  for  their  service,  while  those  who 
sacrificed  their  young  lives  for  their  country  are  held  in 
grateful  remembrance  by  those  who  knew  them  so 
well. 


Reports  like  the  foregoing  might  be  multiplied  to 
almost  any  extent,  but  it  is  unnecessary.  The  circum- 
stantial account  of  the  scenes  that  transpired  in  Dover 
is  recorded  as  an  example  of  what  occurred  in  most  or 
all  of  the  cities  and  large  towns,  and,  with  modifications 
required  by  locality  and  circumstances,  all  over  the 
State.  The  sentiment  of  the  people  was  the  same 
everywhere,  abating  a  few  minor,  local  exceptions, 
evincing  itself  in  the  speedy  enlistment  of  the  quota 
apportioned  to  the  State.  Colonel  Thomas  L.  Liver- 
more,  in  the  Granite  Monthly,  justly  says  : 

"The  capacity  which  our  people  showed  for  war 
was  wonderful,  in  view  of  the  circumstances.  For  half 
a  century  we  had  had  no  war  which  called  for  great 
levies-.  The  militia  were  few  in  numbers,  and  far  behind 
the  militia  of  today  in  discipline  and  in  the  practice  of 
the  serious  duties  of  the  soldier.  Military  exercises  in 
the  common  schools  were  unknown.  No  legion  of  veter- 
ans lingered  on  the  stage  like  those  of  today.  The  old 
soldiers  of  the  Mexican  War  were  comparatively  few. 
The  whole  country  was  devoted  to  industry  and  bent 


9  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

upon  the  pursuit  of  wealth,  and  to  others  beside  the  mis- 
guided men  of  the  South  it  seemed  as  if  the  people  of 
the  North  would  never  shake  off  the  lethargy  of  peace 
and  submit  themselves  to  the  partings,  the  uncertainties, 
the  hardships,  the  blood-shejd,  the  mournings  of  war. 
But  the  first  gun  that  was  fired  upon  Fort  Sumter  thun- 
dered a  reveille  that  woke  the  sleeping  soldier  in  two 
million  men.  War  then  became  the  all-engrossing 
trade,  and,  although  the  apprenticeship  was  hard  and 
full  of  perils,  it  served  to  train  up  a  nation  of  veterans." 

It  will  be  a  surprise  to  posterity,  as  it  has  been  a 
mystery  to  the  nations,  that  from  the  peaceful  industries 
of  life  there  should  spring,  as  if  by  magic,  a  vast  army 
equipped  for  war,  and  successfully  meeting  so  great  an' 
emergency  as  the  late  Rebellion  with  all  the  efficiency 
of  veterans.  It  could  not  have  been  done  by  a  hireling 
or  conscript  soldiery.  Such  an  anomaly  could  not  have 
transpired  under  a  monarchical  government.  It  was 
the  outgrowth  of  a  patriotism  born  and  nurtured  under 
the  institutions  of  Republicanism. 

The  consciousness  of  freedom  and  sovereignty  which 
dominates  every  American  citizen,  conserves  all  the 
powers  necessary  to  meet  the  greatest  emergencies  of 
the  government,  and  awaits  only  an  occasion  to  trans- 
form the  citizen  into  a  soldier.  Money  or  a  draft,  may, 
in  time,  secure  numbers,  but  they  would  lack  the  esprtt- 
de-corps  of  the  volunteer.  They  never  could  have 
brought  into  the  ranks,  ready  for  the  fray,  more  than 
twice  the  number  called  for  by  the  President,  in  less 
than  two  weeks. 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  99 

The  wide-spread  and  painful  anxiety  which  prevailed 
at  the  beginning  of  the  War,  to  know  how  the  Nation 
could  meet  the  emergency  without  a  standing  army  or 
a  militia,  was  speedily  allayed  by  the  difficulty  of 
equipping  the  volunteers  as  fast  as  they  enlisted,  and 
the  result  settled  the  vexed  questions  respecting  the 
efficiency  of  the  citizen  soldier,  and  the  resources  of 
Republican  institutions. 

May  the  God  of  nations  prevent  another  resort  of 
our  Nation  to  arms  ;  but  if  such  an  event  should  occur, 
the  past  affords  ample  assurance  that  the  people  from 
the  lakes  to  the  gulf,  and  from  sea  to  sea,  will  know 
how  to  defend  their  inheritance. 


V. 

THE    STORY    OF    THE    CAMPAIGN. 

When  South  Carolina  fired  upon  the  U.  S.  Fort 
Sumter,  and  upon  the  U.  S.  flag,  there  was  no  alterna- 
tive left  the  Government  but  to  meet  the  emergency  by 
force  of  arms. 

The  Capital  of  the  Nation  was  seriously  threatened. 
The  appeal  to  the  patriotic  sentiment  of  the  Nation 
was  urgent  but  not  in  vain. 

£Jew  Hampshire  was  not  behind  her  sister  States  in 
hearing  the  call,  and  behind  none  of  them,  similarly 
situated,  in  her  practical  response.  She  had  no  organ- 
ized militia  that  could  be  called  into  immediate  service, 
but  she  had  a  multitude  of  hardy  young  men  to  meet 
the  demand  of  their  country. 

When,  on  the  i5th  day  of  April,  1861,  President  Lin- 
coln issued  his  proclamation  for  75,000  men  to  defend  the 
Capital  and  suppress  the  insurrection,  the  men  of  New 
Hampshire  aid  not  hesitate.  Immediately  the  Gover- 
nor, Ichabod  Goodwin,  issued  his  orders  to  the  Adju- 
tant General,  Joseph  C.  Abbott,  who  without  delay 
issued  his  order  on  the  i6th  day  of  April,  providing  for 
the  enlistment  of  one  complete  regiment  for  three 
months'  service  to  be  held  in  readiness  for  action  when- 
ever called  for.  To  facilitate  the  work  of  raising  the 
men  Col.  Henry  O.  Kent,  of  Lancaster,  Major  Frank 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


101 


S.  Fisk-e,  of  Keene,  and  Col.  Jeremiah  C.  Tilton_, 
of  Sanbornton,  were  appointed  aids  to  the  Adjutant 
General. 

The  task  before  them  was  not  as  difficult  as  many 
feared  it  would  be.  Party  lines  were  ignored,  preju- 
dices were  subdued,  enthusiasm  everywhere  prevailed, 
and  the  emulation*  was  to  see  whose  name  should  stand 
first  upon  the  roll  of  honor.  The  young  men  came  in 
from  the  farms,  and  shops  and  offices,  and  from  the 

humbler  spheres  of  the 
laborer,  giving  to  the 
enlisting  officers  all  the 
work  they  could  do,  so 
that  before  the  24th  of 
April  more  than  the 
complement  for  a  sin- 
gle regiment  had  been 
enlisted,  and  still  they 
g^^J  came  by  individuals 
PRESIDENT  LINCOLN.  and  in  squads  and 

companies.  "  Gov.  Goodwin  decided  to  send  the  over- 
flow to  Portsmouth,  wherewith  to  form  another  three 
months'  regiment,  if  it  could  be  accepted,  and  as  a 
garrison  for  Fort  Constitution  at  the  mouth  of  the  har- 
bor, the  belief  being  that  the  Navy  Yard  and  city  were 
in  danger  from  rebel  privateers.  In  due  time  it  was 
learned  that  only  one  regiment  for  three  months  would 
be  accepted,  and  Gov.  Goodwin  decided  to  give  the  men 
the  ultimatum  to  enlist  for  three  years  in  a  Second  Reg- 
iment, or  serve  their  three  months  out  as  garrison  at  the 


102  FIfiS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

Fort.  Volunteering  for  three  years  was  spontaneous 
and  rapid,  and  the  Second  was  organized  with  Oilman 
Marston  as  Colonel.  The  residue  was  sifted  by  the 
surgeons  and  the  sound  men  sent  to  Fort  Constitution." 
Four  hundred  and  ninety-six  of  these  men  enlisted  in 
the  Second.  Some  of  the,  remainder  were  dismissed 
for  inability,  38  returned  to  Concord  and  274  served  out 
their  time  at  the  Fort. 

When  the  First  marched,  two  companies  were  left  in 
Concord,  which  went  into  the  Second  Regiment  as  Co. 
E.,  Captain  Leonard  Drown,  and  Co.  H.,  Captain 
Ichabod  Pearl. 

So  ready  was  the  response  of  New. Hampshire  to  the 
President's  call  that  in  thirteen  days,  between  the  iyth  and 
the  3Oth  of  April,  the  following  enlistments  were  made  : 

Towns.  Enlisting-  Officers.  No.  of  Men. 

Concord,  E.  E.  Sturtevant,  223 

Salem,  J.  D.  Drew,  62 

Bradford,  M.  W.  Tappan,  10 

Portsmouth,  W.  O.  Sides,  37 

Dover,  Geo.  W.  Colbath,  230 

Manchester,  J.  L.  Kelley,  135 

Newport,  I.  Mc'L.  Barton,  40 

New  London,  A.  J.  Sargent,  12 

Lancaster,  I.  S.  M.  Gove,  62 

Laconia,  W.  H.  Wyman,  60 

Claremont,  W.  P.  Austin,  81 

Conway,  Joshua  Chapman,  23 

Hampton,  C.  F.  Dunbar,  53 

Peterborough,  E.  Weston,  75 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  103 

Towns.  Bnlisting  Officers.  No.  of  Men. 

Littleton,                         W.  H.  Rowell,  56 

Plymouth,                        J.  H.  Thompson,  13 

Keene,                              H.  C.  Handerson,  130 

West  Lebanon,               F.  Comings,  35 

Contoocookville,            J.  N.  Patterson,  43 

Nashua,                            R.  O.  Greenleaf,  73 

North  Stratford,             S.  E.  Chase,  18 

Exeter,                             C.  H.  Bell,  53 

Niagara  Company,       A.  S.  Edgerly,  77 

Abbott  Guards,              W.  H.  D.  Cochrane,  78 

Chesh.  Light  Guards,  T.  A.  Barker,  77 

Mechanics'  Phalanx,    J.  N.  Bruce,  77 

Granite  State  Guards,  Ichabod  Pearl,  77 

Milford  Company,         George  Gillis,  94 


2004 
The  following  are  by  companies,  the  re-enlistments 

of  the  surplus  of  the  three  months'  men  into  the  Second 

Regiment : 

From  Claremont  Company,  53 

Lancaster  Company,  44 

Conway  Company,  •  20 

Milford  Company,  21 

Keene,  two  Companies,  90 

Laconia  Company,  37 

Littleton  Company,  34 

Portsmouth  Company,  70 

Manchester,  two  Companies,  71 

Concord  Company,  56 

496 


1 04  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

The  men  of  the  First  Regiment  rendezvoused  at  Con- 
cord on  the  old  Fair  Grounds  on  the  East  side  of  the 
Merrimac  river.  Barracks  were  constructed  of  rough 
boards  for  their  accommodation  and  furnished  with 
abundance  of  good,  clean  rye  straw  for  bedding.  To 
a  few,  perhaps,  these  provisions  for  their  comfort  were 
not  essentially  poorer  than  they  had  been  accustomed  to, 
but  to  most  of  them  they  were  an  exchange  from  a  home 
of  comfort,  and,  to  many,  of  luxury.  It  was  a  new  and 
strange  experience  to  them  all,  but  it  was  accepted  with 
a  cheerfulness  that  was  seldom  interrupted  by  a  murmur 
or  complaint. 

The  good  nature  with  which  their  discomforts  were 
endured  is  illustrated  by  the  following  message  which 
one  who  had  been  a  stage-driver  sent  to  a  fellow  stage- 
man  :  "I  want  you  to  send  me  a  fork  to  pitch  up  my 
bedding."  The  new  arrivals  in  camp,  the  collecting 
and  training  of  horses,  the  little  comical  incidents  daily 
occurring,  together  with  the  amusements  invented  to 
while  away  the  time,  diverted  the  thoughts  somewhat 
from  the  homes  the  men  had  left,  and,  as  well,  from  the 
work  before  them. 

On  one  occasion  a  citizen  was  detected  in  furnishing 
whiskey  to  the  soldiers  through  a  dug-out  under  the 
high  board  fence.  He  was  arrested,  tried  and  sen- 
tenced to  be  marched  through  the  camp  and  off  the 
grounds  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  The  sentence 
having  been  executed,  by  the  consent  of  the  Colonel, 
he  was  marched  in  the  same  manner  into  the  city,  pre- 
ceeded  by  the  band  playing  the  "  Rogue's  March,"  and 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  105 

left  in  the  street  at  the  mercy  of  the  hoodlums.  This 
was  something  new  to  the  men  and  was  greatly  en- 
joyed, although  the  poor  culpnit  appeared  somewhat 
discouraged. 

"  Lady  Washington,"  as  one  soldier  was  facetiously 
christened,  was  a  character.  Of  immense  avoirdupois, 
always  jolly,  and  without  a  superior  in  all  the  qualities 
of  a  good  soldier,  he  furnished  a  large  amount  of  amuse- 
ment to  the  men.  Uniformed  with  a  blanket,  an  enve- 
lope pinned  upon  either  shoulder  and  a  broom  in  his 
hand,  he  never  lacked  for  a  company  that  he  would 
drill  and  march  around  the  grounds  with  all  the  sang 
froid  of  a  veritable  Colonel. 

An  incident  that  occurred  during  the  Greeley  cam- 
paign will  illustrate  the  esteem  in  which  this  soldier, 
whose  name  was  Samuel  H.  Runnels,  was  held  by  his 
officers.  A  Republican  torch-light  procession  from 
Manchester,  while  marching  ^through  the  streets  of 
Concord,  halted,  as  it  happened,  in  front  of  Colonel 
Tappan's  law  office  while  he  was  busy  writing  at  his 

• 

desk.  Some  one  in  the  ranks,  with  a  stentorian  voice, 
gave  three  cheers  for  the  Red,  White  and  Blue.  Colo- 
nel Tappan  dropped  his  pen,  sprang  to  his  feet,  and 
exclaimed,  "•  That's  Lady  Washington  ;  I  recognize  his 
voice,  and  I'm  going  to  see  him."  They  met  in  the 
street  and  embraced  each  other  with  all  the  tenderness 
of  brothers.  Runnels,  poor  fellow,  was  killed  by  a  fall 
from  a  building  in  Manchester. 

Comrades  will  remember  the  hilarious  time  that  was 
enjoyed  in  the  attempt  to  break  to  the  saddle  a  vicious 


1 06  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

little  black  horse — how,  after  half  a  dozen  had  been  tossed 
from  his  back  like  a  cork,  Captain  Drew  mounted  the 
beast,  confident  of  success,  how  the  horse  reared  and 
pitched,  with  both  ends  alternately  in  the  air  —  how 
the  Captain,  was  now  on  the  horse's  neck  and  now  on 
his  haunches,  and  finally  how  he  was  seen  whirling 
over  in  the  air  like  a  jumping-jack,  and  falling  with  a 
thud  upon  the  ground  amid  the  shouts  and  cheers  of 
the  crowd.  The  Captain  did  not  forfeit  his  commission 
by  his  failure,  but  the  horse  was  immediately  reduced 
to  the  ranks,  and  served  on  one  of  the  teams  through 
the  campaign. 

Such  episodes  kept  things  lively  and  served  to  "  alle- 
viate the  austerities"  of  camp  life. 

As  early  as  the  24th  of  April,  the  men  began  to 
arrive  in  camp  and  were  at  once  organized  into  squads 
and  companies  for  instruction  and  drill.  This  service 
was  under  the  direction  of  Colonel  John  H.  Gage,  of 
Nashua,  afterwards  killed  by  the  accidental  discharge 
of  a  musket.  But  a  few  days  passed  before  the 
material  of  the  regiment  was  crystallized  into  a  com- 
pletely appointed  and  equipped  organization,  with  Hon. 
Mason  W.  Tappan,  then  member  of  the  lower  House 
of  Congress,  as  its  Colonel.  The  roster  of  the  regi- 
ment will  be  found  at  the  close  of  this  volume. 

COLONEL    MASON    WEARE    TAPPAN. 

Colonel  Tappan  was  a  son  of  the  late  Weare  Tappan, 
for  many  years  a  lawyer  at  Bradford,  and  who  died  in 
1866.  Mason  was  born  at  Newport,  Sullivan  County, 
October  20,  1817,  and  at  an  early  age  removed  with  his 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  107 

family  to  Bradford,  in  Merrimac  County,  where  he 
resided  till  the  time  of  his  death.  He  fitted  for  college, 
studied  law  with  his  father  and  Hon.  George  W. 
Nesmith,  of  Franklin,  since  a  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  who  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  the  elec- 
tion of  William  Henry  Harrison,  and  also  of  his  grand 
son,  Benjamin  Harrison. 

Colonel  Tappan  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1841. 
Colonel  Tappan  acted  with  the  Free-Soil,  American 
and  Republican  parties,  each  in  their  turn.  Although 
the  town  of  Bradford  was  largely  Democratic,  such 
was  his  personal  popularity  with  his  fellow-townsmen 
that  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  successively  in 

1853,  1854  and   I855»  and  was  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent, industrious  and  able  members  of  the  House. 

He  was  a  candidate  for  Speaker  of  the  House    in 

1854,  and,   notwithstanding   there  was    a    Democratic 
majority  in  that  body  of  about  twenty,  came  within  two 
votes  of  an  election.     The  same  year  he  was  nominated 
by  the   Whigs,  Free-Soilers,   Independent   Democrats, 
and    Americans    for    member    of    Congress    from    the 
Second  District,  and  was  elected  in  March,  1855.     He 
was  twice  re-elected,  and  served  in  the  34th,  35th  and 
36th  Congresses  with  marked  ability,  and  to  the  accept- 
ance of  his  constituents.     In  the    34th  and  35th  Con- 
gresses he   served  upon  the  Judiciary  Committee,  and 
in  the  36th  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

In  July,  1856,  Colonel  Tappan  made  an  able  speech, 
the  House  being  in  Committee  of  the  Whole  on  the 
state  of  the  Union,  upon  the  subject  of  the  extension  of 


1 08  FIRST  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

slavery  into  Kansas,  which  was  listened  to  with  marked 
attention.  The  following  is  its  closing  paragraph  : 

"  In  conclusion,  Mr.  Chairman,  let  me  say  that  we 
seek  no  quarrel  with  our  brethren  of  the  South.  This 
is  an  issue  which  they  have  forced  upon  us,  and,  with 
God's  blessing,  we  will  meet  it  as  becomes  worthy 
descendants  of  patriotic  sires  !  You  sometimes  tell  us 
that  you  want  to  be  let  alone.  That  is  precisely  what 
we  intend  to  do.  We  will  interfere  with  none  of  your 
rights.  Whatever  is  "  nominated  in  the  bond,"  that 
we  will  yield.  In  turn,  is  it  too  much  for  us  to  make 
the  same  request  of  you  —  that  you  should  let  us  alone? 
If  slavery  is  a  blessing,  to  you  shall  inure  all  its  ben- 
efits. If  it  is  a  curse,  do  not  ask  to  place  it  upon  our 
soil,  to  involve  us  in  its  guilt.  We  desire  to  cultivate 
the  relations  of  peace  and  of  fraternal  kindness  with 
the  people  of  the  South." 

In  March,  1858,  Colonel  Tappan  delivered  another 
able  speech  in  the  House  upon  Slavery  Agitation,  Nul- 
lification, and  the  Lecompton  Constitution,  in  which  he 
said  he  wished  "  to  put  on  record  the  protest  of  New 
Hampshire  against  what  I  conceive  to  be  the  most 
stupendous  political  fraud  that  was  ever  before  attempted 
to  be  perpetrated  upon  any  people  ! " 

In  the  36th  Congress,  in  the  Winter  of  1860-61, 
Colonel  Tappan  was  placed  upon  the  celebrated  select 
committee  of  thirty-three  —  one  from  each  State  —  to 
whom  was  referred  so  much  of  the  President's  annual 
message  as  related  to  the  then  disturbed  state  of  the 
country,  and  joined  with  C.  C.  Washburn,  of  Wiscon- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 09 

sin,  in  a  minority  report.  The  majority  had  agreed  to 
and  submitted  a  report  to  the  House,  recommending 
amendments  to  the  Constitution  which  would  give  to 
the  South  all,  and  more  than  they  had  claimed,  for 
their  peculiar  institution.  The  minority  report  was  an 
able  document,  and  concluded  with  recommending  the 
adoption  by  the  House  of  the  following  resolution, 
which  was  the  same  as  had  been  offered  in  the  Senate 
by  Mr.  Clark,  of  New  Hampshire  : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution 
are  ample  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  and  the 
protection  of  the  material  interests  of  the  country  ;  and 
it  needs  to  be  obeyed  rather  than  amended  ;  and  our 
extrication  from  present  difficulties  is  to  be  looked  for 
in  efforts  to  preserve  and  protect  the  public  property 
and  enforce  the  laws,  rather  than  in  new  guarantees  or 
concessions  to  unreasonable  demands." 

When  the  minority  report  was  submitted,  on  the  5th 
of  February,  1861,  Mr.  Tappan  made  a  speech  in  the 
House,  defending  in  an  eloquent  and  forcible  manner 
the  position  he  and  his  associate,  Mr.  Washburn,  had 
taken.  He  declared  it  as  his  belief  that  no  compromise 
measures  could  be  adopted  by  Congress  which  would 
appease  the  fury  of  the  South  or  be  productive  of  any 
good.  He  also  declared  his  faith  in  the  patriotism  of 
the  mass  of  the  people  of  the  country,  and  in  the  Con- 
stitution, to  carry  the  Nation  safely  through  the  crisis 
then  pending.  These  positions  were  justified  by  subse- 
quent events.  Col.  Tappan  was  appointed  by  members 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  on  the  Vigilance  Commit- 


HO  FIRST  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE, 

tee  at  Washington,  the  latter  part  of  the  Winter  of  1861, 
when  the  very  atmosphere  of  that  locality  seemed 
charged  with  treason,  and  was  most  zealous  and  active 
in  watching  the  movements  of  Rebels,  resident  and  tem- 
porarily there,  plotting  the  destruction  of  the  Capital  and 
our  National  existence. 

On  the  call  of  President  Lincoln  for  75,000  volunteers 
for  three  months,  Ool.  Tappan  was  one  of  the  first  men 
in  the  State  to  enlist. 

When  the  First  Regiment  was  being  organized  he 
was  regarded  by  almost  everybody  who  knew  him  as 
the  proper  person  to  take  command  of  it,  and  was 
accordingly  appointed  and  commissioned  Colonel  by 
Gov.  Goodwin.  As  a  commander  he  was  patriotic, 
brave,  thoughtful  of  and  kind  to  his  officers  and  men, 
and  respected  by  all.  He  returned  to  the  State  with 
his  regiment  at  the  expiration  of  its  term  of  enlistment, 
and  was  mustered  out  with  it.  Afterwards,  when  Col. 
Whipple  resigned  the  command  of  the  Fourth  Regi- 
ment, it  was  offered  by  Gov.  Berry  to  Col.  Tappan,  but 
he  declined  it  for  the  reason  that  it  would  be  unjust  to 
Lieut.  Col.  Bell  and  other  officers  of  the  regiment.  He 
did  not  again  enter  the  army.  As  the  subsequent  reg- 
iments were  organized  the  command  of  them  was  earn- 
estly sought  by  scores  of  good  and  patriotic  men,  while 
Col.  Tappan  modestly  awaited  the  call  of  his  country. 

After  the  close  of  the  36th  Congress,  when  his  third 
term  in  the  House  of  Representatives  expired,  Col. 
Tappan  devoted  himself  assiduously  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession  and  has  been  regarded  as  among  the  first 


FIR S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  Ill 

lawyers  in  the  State,  both  as  a  counsellor  and  advocate. 
He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  nearly  every  political 
canvass  in  the  State,  from  the  time  he  closed  his  Con- 
gressional career,  delivering  many  eloquent  and  effec- 
tive speeches  upon  pending  issues. 

Col.  Tappan  was  first  appointed  State's  Attorney  July 
25,  1876,  was  re-appointed  July  26,  1881,  and  again  re- 
appointed  Aug.  12,  1886,  which  office  he  very  ably  and 
acceptably  filled  until  his  death  which  occurred  in 
Bradford,  October  24,  1886. 

As  a  citizen,  a  neighbor  writes  of  him  :  "  Mr.  Tap- 
pan's  kindness  to  the  poor  and  afflicted  ;  his  fidelity  as 
a  friend ;  his  sensitiveness  of  heart,  and  his  honor  in 
his  profession,  are  proverbial  among  his  most  intimate 
acquaintances." 

From  the  ist  to  the  4th  of  May,  the  First  Regiment 
was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States. 
The  State  uniformed  and  equipped  the  officers,  and 
supplied  the  regiment  with  tents  and  camp  equipage  of 
almost  every  description.  Medical  Stores,  surgical  in- 
struments, and  provisions  of  all  kinds  were  provided 
sufficient  to  enable  the  men  to  support  themselves  for 
weeks,  if  necessary.  The  State  was  very  generous  in 
this  regard.  Every  thing  provided  was  of  the  best  and 
most  approved  kind,  if  the  uniform  of  the  soldiers  may 
be  excepted.  This  was  of  grey  satinet  and  soon  came 
to  grief.  The  train  consisted  of  sixteen  thoroughly 
constructed  four-horse  baggage  wagons,  and  a  two- 
horse  ambulance,  all  built  by  the  celebrated  firm  of 
Lewis  Downing  &  Son  of  Concord.  Great  pains  were 


112 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


taken  to  select  the  best  class  of  horses  which  were 
fitted  with  excellent  harnesses,  manufactured,  if  memory 
serves,  by  James  R.  Hill  of  Concord. 

When  the  preparations  were  completed  and  orders 
from  Washington  were  awaited,  the  regiment  in  com- 
plete uniform,  with  the  Staff  mounted  upon  their  horses, 
was  marched  through  the  streets  of  Concord  to  the 


OFF  FOR  THE  WAR. 


great  delight  of  the  citizens  who  thronged  on  either 
side  of  the  column  with  cheers  and  huzzas. 

It  was,  to  them,  an  inspiring  sight.  They  were 
proud  of  the  regiment  and  the  regiment  was  proud  of 
them  from  whom  they  had  received  no  little  kindness 
during  these  days  of  preparation. 

The  camp  life  had  begun  to  be  monotonous  and  irk- 
some and  the  men  were  elated  when  orders  came  for 
the  regiment  to  proceed  to  Washington. 


FfXS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 1 3 

On  the  morning  of  the  25th  of  May,  they  were  gath- 
ered in  a  compact  mass  about  the  grand  stand.  Friends 
distributed  testaments  and  little  keep-sakes  among 
them  ;  an  appropriate  address  was  delivered  to  them  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Bouton,  of  blessed  memory,  prayer  was 
offered,  tenderly  committing  them  to  the  care  of  the 
Heavenly  Father,  the  "Star  Spangled  Banner"  was 
sung  by  the  men,  and  then  they  "  fell  in  ;  "  bade  a  long 
farewell  to  "  Camp  Union,"  marched  to  the  depot  and 
boarded  the  cars  for  the  seat  of  war.  The  train  con- 
sisted of  eighteen  passenger  cars  and  the  same  number 
of  freight  cars. 

The  novelty  of  the  event,  together  with  the  anxious 
and  tender  solicitude  of  friends,  drew  together  a  great 
crowd  to  witness  the  departure.  It  would  be  impossible 
to  convey  to  the  minds  of  those  who  were  not  present,  a 
just  conception  of  the  scenes  that  transpired  in  the  brief 
space  of  time  between  the  arrival  of  the  men  at  the  depot 
and  the  moving  of  the  train.  The  depot  and  the  grounds 
outside  were  literally  packed  with  the  assembled  masses, 
swaying  to  and  fro  with  every  movement.  The  groups 
of  friends  with  hearts  wildly  beating  against  each  other 
as  they  exchanged  parting  embraces  and  kisses ;  the 
sobs  and  cries  that  bespoke  the  tender  affection  of 
mothers,  sisters,  wives  and  loved  ones  ;  the  deep  and 
undisguised  sympathy  that  came  welling  up  from  all 
hearts  and  betraying  itself  in  the  anxious  and  tearful 
countenance  ;  all  this  in  strange  contrast  with  the  bois- 
terous shouting  and  laughing  of  many  soldiers  —  some 
of  which  might  be  traced  to  recklessness,  but  much 


114  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

more  to  a  desperate  effort  to  maintain  their  cheerfulness 
and  courage — together  with  the  rousing  cheers  of  the 
multitude  as  a  final  farewell,  were  prominent  features  in 
the  picture,  which  will  not  soon  fade  from  the  memory 
of  those  who  witnessed  the  scene,  and  especially  those 
who  were  actors  in  it. 

Brief  halts  were  made  at  Manchester  and  Nashua 
where  scenes  transpired  similar  to  those  at  Concord,  as 
additions  were  made  to  the  company.  Thence  onward 
to  Worcester  was  little  less  than  a  continuous  ovation 
through  all  the  inhabited  portions  of  the  route.  Villa- 
gers gathered  at  the  depots  giving  the  train  right  royal 
salutes ;  farmers  left  their  ploughs  in  the  furrow  or 
dropped  their  shovels  and  hoes  and  hastened  to  the 
track  to  pay  their  compliments ;  the  national  colors 
waved  from  the  tops  of  the  houses ;  children  were 
adorned  with  the  red,  white  and  blue  ;  women  waved 
their  cheers  with  flags  and  handkerchiefs. 

But  it  was  at  Worcester  that  the  hearts  of  the  soldiers 
were  -most  tenderly  touched  with  the  grand  reception 
that  awaited  them.  They  found  a  magnificent  enter- 
tainment provided  for  them  at  Mechanics'  Hall,  where 
tables  were  spread  sufficient  to  accommodate  the  entire 
regiment  and  laden  with  food,  in  quality  and  abundance 
ample  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  a  regiment  of  epi- 
cures. It  was  opportune,  for  the  boys  were  hungry  and 
they  soon  satisfied  the  good  people  of  Worcester  of 
their  high  appreciation  of  this  generosity. 

Through  the  entire  campaign  that  reception  was  a 
frequent  theme  of  conversation.  Frequent  and  grateful 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  115 


references  have  been  made  to  it  in  letters  received  by 
the  writer  from  surviving  members  of  the  regiment. 

Leaving  Worcester  the  regiment  proceeded  by  the 
Sound  route  to  New  York,  arriving  there  on  Sunday 
morning,  May  26th,  receiving  a  right  royal  welcome  to 
the  hospitalities  of  the  city.  The  soldiers  were  enter- 
tained at  the  Arsenal  and  a  sumptuous  dinner  was  pro- 
vided for  the  officers  at  the  Astor  House. 

Four  hundred  and  fifty  citizens  of  New  York,  all 
wearing  upon  their  breasts  silk  badges  bearing  the  in- 
scription, "  Sons  of  New  Hampshire,"  met  at  the  Bran- 
dreth  House,  at  half  past  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
and  organized  by  choosing  Charles  L.  Frost,  Chairman, 
and  John  P.  March,  Secretary,  and  marched  to  the 
steamboat  wharf  to  meet  the  regiment.  On  this  occa- 
sion and  before  the  arrival  of  the  boat,  impromptu 
speeches  were  made  by  Dr.  W.  M.  Chamberlain,  H.  B. 
Perkins  and  Judge  Peabody.  It  was  also  resolved  that 
they  should  form  an  association  for  the  relief  of  New 

*/ 

Hampshire  soldiers,,  and  that  the  families  of  the  troops 
should  be  cared  for  in  the  absence  of  their  protectors, 
all  present  pledging  themselves  to  carry  out  the  project 
to  the  fullest  extent. 

A  committee,  styled  a  Committee  of  Aid  and  Corres- 
pondence, was  appointed,  and  consisted  of  the  follow- 
ing gentlemen  :  Robert  Colby,  of  New  London  ;  W. 
M.  Chamberlain,  Hanover  ;  John  P.  March,  Rochester  ; 
Charles  E.  Mendum,  Portsmouth  ;  L.  L.  Britton,  Or- 
ford  ;  George  H.  Moore,  Concord  ;  John  L.  Hanson, 
Dover.  The  steamers  arrived  between  nine  and  ten 


1  1  6  ffJfS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 


o'clock,  and  while  the  men  were  disembarking,  Fred 
A.  Briggs,  of  Claremont,  then  clerk  of  the  La  Farge 
House,  was  raised  upon  some  cotton  bales  and  ordered 
to  lead  the  singing  of  '  '  America  '  '  and  '  '  Old  Hundred,'  ' 
which  he  did  with  spirit,  while  the  whole  association 
sang  most  enthusiastically.  They  sang  and  cheered 
until  they  were  hoarse,  and  as  Col.  Tappan  passed  by 
them  at  the  head  of  his  troops  the  excitement  was  in- 
tense. 

A  procession  was  formed  under  the  marshalship  of 
Sidney  Webster,  and  the  entire  body  marched  to  the 
Brandreth  House,  where  a  beautiful  silk  flag  was  pre- 
sented to  the  regiment  by  Judge  Benj.  W.  Bonney,  in 
the  following  speech  : 

"  Fellow  citizens  and  soldiers  of  New  Hampshire  :  — 
We,  natives  of  the  Granite  State,  desire  to  welcome 
you  to  the  metropolis.  It  is  not  our  place  to  inquire 
why  you  are  here.  We  all  know  that  in  time  of  old, 
when  the  liberty  of  the  country,  and  the  people,  was  in 
danger,  New  Hampshire  sent  a  lauge  number  of  men 
to  the  support  of  the  Government.  We  know  that 
when  the  Constitution  was  subsequently  in  danger,  and 
when  it  was  sought  to  be  violated  in  the  halls  of  the 
Legislature,  New  Hampshire  sent  forth  expounders 
ablest  of  them  all.  And  now,  when  the  cry  has  gone 
forth  that  the  country  is  in  danger  and  the  Constitution 
unsafe,  New  Hampshire  comes  to  the  rescue  as  of  old, 
and  says  the  Union  and  the  Constitution  shall  be  main- 
tained. (Cheers)  Soldiers,  you  are  going  to  fight  a 
great  fight  —  fight  in  a  great  cause,  and  for  great  princi- 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1  1  7 


pies.  It  is  to  be  determined  now  whether  man  is  capa- 
ble of  self-government,  and  whether  we  have  a  govern- 
ment at  all.  We  know  that  when  you  meet  danger  you 
will  meet  it  as  your  forefathers  did  —  without  fear.  We 
of  the  Granite  State  desire  to  present  you  with  this  ban- 
ner, to  be  borne  in  the  struggle.  It  bears  no  strange 
or  unusual  device.  It  is  the  old  Stars  and  Stripes,  the 
device  of  our  fathers,  grown  broader  and  broader  every 
year  as  a  new  star  has  been  added  to  the  glorious  con- 
stellation. It  is  that  untarnished  flag  which  has  never 
suffered  dishonor  or  humiliation,  and  which  was  only 
lowered  at  Sumter  by  the  odds  of  seven  thousand  men 
against  seventy. 

To  your  hands  we  intrust  the  banner,  feeling  sure 
that  it  will  be  nobly  borne,  and  that  the  words  of  Gen- 
eral Dix  :  '  If  any  man  attempts  to  haul  down  that  flag, 
shoot  him  on  the  spot,'  will  ever  accompany  it.  This  is 
not  the  time  for  talking.  We  will  present  you  with  the 
flag,  and  bid  you  '  Onward  !  God  speed  !  '  Those  whom 
you  have  left  behind  you,  and  those  you  see  around 
you,  will  come  to  your  aid  if  you  ever  should  call  for 
assistance,  and  to  this  end  we  all  pledge  ourselves." 

Colonel  Tappan  replied  in  a  neat  and  appropriate 
speech,  substantially  as  follows  : 

"Sons  of  New  Hampshire  in  New  York,  I  have  no 
words  to  thank  you  for  the  kind  manner  in  which  you 
have  greeted  us.  It  is  but  natural  for  us,  who  have  re- 
cently left  our  homes  and  bid  adieu  to  all  the  ties  which 
bind  us  there,  to  receive  gratefully  the  kind  attentions 
which  have  been  manifested  during  our  travels.  In 


1 1 8  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

fact  our  progress   all  along  the  route  has  been  a  con- 
tinued ovation. 

These  manifestations  of  a  free  people  show  how 
plainly  is  the  determination  to  maintain  the  Union  in  all 
its  integrity.  But  none  of  these  manifestations  are 
more  grateful  than  the  one  today.  I  will  take  this 
beautiful  flag,  and  promise  that  you  will  never  have  oc- 
casion to  regret  that  you  gave  it  to  us — that  it  never  will 
be  tarnished  by  this  regiment,  but  that  every  man  will 
rally  to  its  protection.  We  know  that  this  may  be 
no  holiday  affair ;  but  we  have  counted  the  cost.  It  is, 
as  you  say,  no  time  to  inquire  what  we  are  here  for.  It 
is  to  be  determined  whether  one  State,  or  seven  States, 
can  secede  and  break  up  the  most  glorious  government 
ever  devised  by  man.  (Loud  cheers).  That  flag  shall 
never  be  dishonored,  I  can  assure  you,  gentlemen." 

The  flag  was  paid  for  by  subscription  from  friends  of 
New  Hampshire  in  New  York  city.  The  amount  of 
subscription  was  put  at  three  dollars,  and  no  greater 
sum  was  received  from  any  one  person. 

A  New  York  paper,  in  giving  an  account  of  the  pas- 
sage of  this  regiment  through  the  city,  said :  "Ac- 
companying the  troops  were  one  hundred  and  sixteen 
horses,  sixteen  baggage  wagons,  containing  tents  and 
provisions  for  thirty  days,  and  one  hospital  wagon. 
There  were  also  in  attendance  sixteen  nurses,  who  took 
dinner  at  the  Astor  House. 

The  troops  were  dressed  in  a  gray  uniform,  and 
armed  with  Springfield  muskets  of  1847  pattern.  In 
point  of  equipage  no  body  of  soldiers  was  ever  better 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


provided  for ;  and  £s  for  fighting  material,  they  even 
excelled  the  Sixty-Ninth  (Irish)  Regiment  of  this 
State." 

The  regiment  was  long  delayed  in  its  march  through 
the  city  to  Jersey  Ferry  by  the  funeral  procession  of 
Col.  Ellsworth  who  was  killed  at  the  Marshal  House, 
Alexandria,  Va.,  on  the  24th  of  May,  while  taking 
down  a  rebel  flag  ;  being  obliged  to  stand  in  the  streets 
until  the  entire  length  of  the  procession  had  passed. 

Before  leaving  New 
York,  Col.  Tappan 
sent  William  H.  D. 
Cochrane  of  Co.  H 
forward  to  Washing- 
ton to  meet  the  New 
Hampshire  Delega- 
tion in  Congress,  and 
make  arrangement 
for  the  reception  and 
accommodation  of 
w.  H.  D.  COCHRANE.  the  regiment.  Mr. 

Cochrane  was,  therefore,  the  first  uniformed  New 
Hampshire  soldier  who  entered  the  Capital. 

Having  enjoyed  and  appreciated  the  hospitalities  of 
New  York,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Baltimore  by 
railroad.  Nothing  of  special  interest  occurred  except 
that  at  Havre-de-Grace  the  regiment  was,  for  some 
reason,  detained  for  two  or  three  hours,  giving  the 
soldiers  an  opportunity  to  make  observations.  A  little 
incident  occurred  here  which  furnished  much  amuse- 


1 20  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

ment  to  the  men  whatever  may  h£ve  been  the  effect 
upon  the  parties  connected  with  it. 

Lieutenant  D.  strolled  away  to  a  flower  garden  in  the 
vicinity,  and  seeing  the  fair  owner  busy  with  her  flow- 
ers, politely  saluted  her  with  a  glowing  compliment  to 
her  garden.  The  compliment  was  gracefully  acknowl- 
edged with  an  invitation  to  enter  and  the  tender  of  a 
bouquet.  Together  they  walked  through  the  flowers, 
plucking  the  most  choice  of  them  and  then  sat  down  to 
arrange  the  bouqet.  In  the  midst  of  their  delectable 
employment  there  came  running  down  the  path  a  small 
specimen  of  a  girl  exclaiming — "  Mamma,  papa  wants 
you  to  come  right  into  the  house  ;  he  don't  want  you  to 
stay  with  that  man  any  longer  ! "  The  consternation  of 
the  Lieutenant  can  better  be  imagined  than  expressed. 
As  he  walked  away,  conscious  that  the  eyes  of  the 
household  were  upon  him,  he  was  impressed  with  the 
fact  that — "there  is  but  a  step  between  the  sublime  and 
the  ridiculous."  Nor  was  he  allowed  to  forget  the  inci- 
dent during  the  remainder  of  the  campaign. 

The  regiment  arrived  at  Baltimore  about  four  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  of  Monday,  the  2yth  of  May.  This 
was  the  great  point  of  interest  to  all  as  the  scene  of  the 
first  blood  shed  in  the  rebellion. 

The  men  disembarked  from  the  cars  and  were  kept 
waiting  nearly  two  hours  for  the  baggage  train.  It  was 
a  delay  that  caused  much  impatience.  Great  prepara- 
tions had  been  made  by  the  city  to  prevent  a  renewal  of 
the  scenes  that  transpired  during  the  passage  through 
the  city  of  the  Massachusetts  6th.  On  either  side  of  the 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


121 


marching  col- 
umn, at  short  in- 
tervals, was  a 
policeman  fully 
armed  and  very 
vigilant.  The 
streets  were  liter- 
ally packed  with 
spectators,  many 
stood  upon  the 
tops  of  the  build- 
ings and  other 
elevations;  the 
windows  were 
open  an*d  rilled 
with  the  faces  of 
women  and  chil- 
dren. The  great 
mass  were  unable  to  conceal  the  passions  of  hatred  and 
rage  which  were  under  the  restraint  of  fear.  The  guns 
of  Fort  McHenry  frowned  upon  the  city  ;  every  soldier 
carried  a  loaded  musket  with  his  finger  upon  the  trig- 
ger and  most  or  all  of  them  would  have  hailed  with 
pleasure  a  provocation  to  visit  upon  the  bloody  city  the 
reprisal  it  deserved.  So  effectual  were  the  precautions 
that  no  outbreak  occurred.  By  some  mismanagement 
or  mistake  the  Band  was,  for  a  time  before  forming  the 
column,  isolated  from  the  men  and  suffered  some  indig- 
nities from  the  roughs  who  surrounded  them.  Some 
bottles  and  stones  were  thrown  at  them,  but  none  were 


MASSACHUSETTS  SIXTH  IN  BALTIMORE. 


122  fIJfS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

injured.  During  part  of  the  progress  through  the  city 
the  passage  was  blocked  by  the  excited  crowd  whose 
language  was  far  from  complimentary,  who  were 
curious  to  observe  whether  the  guns  of  the  soldiers 
were  capped  and  who  would,  if  they  had  dared,  have 
made  serious  disturbance.  In  this  emergency  our  peer- 
less Fife  Major,  F.  H.  Pike  proved  himself  useful  as 
well  as  ornamental.  Knowing  that  he  was  supported 
by  a  thousand  loaded  muskets  he  beat  right  and  left 
with  his  baton,  clearing  the  way  before  him  while  Bald- 
win's Cornet  Band  played  the  first  national  air  that  had 
greeted  the  ears  of  the  people  since  the  passage  of  the 
Massachusetts  6th,  and  never  was  Yankee  Doodle  ren- 
dered with  greater  spirit  as  the  column  went  marching 
on.  It «was  amusing  to  watch  the  annoyance  it  occa- 
sioned in  a  large  portion  of  the  spectators.  There  was, 
however,  sufficient  Union  sentiment  in  the  city  to  stretch 
one  Union  flag  across  the  street.  From  a  few  windows 
were  seen  waving  small  flags  and  ladies'  handkerchiefs, 
— and  heard  timid  cheers  and  "  God  bless  yees."  Very 
largely  these  demonstrations  were  from  the  residences 
of  Quakers.  No  one  dared  to  display,  "pure  and  sim- 
ple," any  rebel  insignia.  One  woman  anxious  to  show 
her  colors,  sewed  a  small  "Stars  and  Bars"  on  to  the 
centre  of  a  bed-quilt  which  she  hung  out  of  the  window 
to  air.  It  may  be  believed  that  it  was  appropriately 
saluted  by  the  soldiers.  On  the  arrival  of  the  regiment 
at  Camden  Station  where  they  re-embarked  for  Wash- 
ington, a  crowd  was  collected.  A  few  faint  cheers,  and 
a  few  groans  and  hisses  greeted  the  ear  as  the  train 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 23 

moved  out  of  the  depot  on  its  journey  to  the  Capital. 
It  required  nerve  and  courage  for  the  raw  troops  to 
march  over  the  pavements  stained  with  the  first  blood 
shed  in  the  Rebellion,  and  surrounded  by  the  same 
rough  crowd  that  had  made  the  murderous  assault  upon 
the  Massachusetts  Sixth.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
they  carried  themselves  with  the  firmness  and  dignity 
of  veteran  soldiers.  Had  they  been  seriously  assailed 
there  would  have  followed  a  scene  of  carnage  which, 
even  at  this  late  day,  it  would  be  painful  to  con- 
template. 

The  experience  of  the  Sixth  Massachusetts  was  still 
fresh  in  the  mind,  when  three  young  men  were  brutally 
murdered,  and  they  felt  especially  called  upon  to 
avenge  the  death  of  these  men,  from  the  fact  that  the 
first  one  who  fell  was  a  New  Hampshire  man,  a  further 
notice  of  whom  may  be  found  on  another  page. 

The  regiment  arrived  at  Washington  at  half  past  one 
o'clock  a.  m.  on  Tuesday,  May  28,  four  days  after  the 
Union  forces  had  crossed  the  Potomac  from  Washing- 
ton into  Virginia,  and  early  in  the  morning  marched  up 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  passing  the  White  House,  from 
the  porch  of  which  the  President  reviewed  the  troops, 
and  on  to  Kalorama,  about  two  miles  out  of  the  city, 
and  went  into  camp  which  was  christened  "  Camp  Cam- 
eron." 

Before  they  had  time  to  pitch  their  tents,  a  special 
messenger  arrived  from  the  President,  complimenting 
Col.  Tappan  as  having  the  best  appointed  regiment  that 
had  thus  far  come  into  Washington.  During  the  day 


124  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

numerous  philanthropic  ladies  and  gentlemen  and  sani- 
tary committees  visited  the  camp,  inquired  after  the 
wants  of  the  men  and  proffered  services  for  their  relief. 
They  were  surprised  and  almost  incredulous  when  told 
that  nothing  was  needed — that  they  could  live  within 
themselves  for  a  month  at  least.  So  hastily  had  the 
troops  left  their  homes  to  rush  to  the  defence,  of  the 
Capital,  that  it  was  a  novelty  for  a  regiment  to  appear 
in  Washington  prepared  to  take  care  of  themselves. 

Among  those  who  were  foremost  in  tendering  assist- 
ance and  comforts  to  the  men  were  several  New  Hamp- 
shire people,  prominent  among  whom  and  who  will 
always  be  remembered  by  the  soldiers  with  gratitude, 
was  Frederick  Smyth,  since  the  honored  Governor  of 
the  State. 

The  regiment  remained  in  Washington  about  twelve 
days,  which  time  was  occupied  largely  in  drilling  and 
making  necessary  preparations  for  going  to  the  front 
when  called  for,  and  in  viewing  the  novelties  of  the 
city.  The  men  devised  many  expedients  to  evade  the 
discipline -of  the  camp  which  prevented  them  from  visit- 
ing the  city  as  much  as  they  desired,  but  there  were  very 
few  who  did  not  see  more  or  less  of  its  attractions. 
For  many  days,  before  discovered,  they  passed  the 
guards  through  a  culvert  under  the  highway,  which 
was  hidden  from  view  by  a  clump  of  bushes.  The 
many  little  incidents  common  to  camp  life  kept  away 
the  ennui  incident  to  inaction.  No  pleasant  day  passed 
without  numerous  visitors  who  came  from  all  parts  of 
the  country  and  afforded  a  pleasant  diversion.  On  one 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 


125 


occasion,  when  a  large  number  of  visitors  were  present, 
a  thunder-shower  came  suddenly  over  the  camp  and  all 
made  a  rush  for  the  nearest  tents  regardless  of  cere- 
mony or  invitation.  Several  of  the  Staff  and  a  com- 
pany of  young  ladies  entered  the  Chaplain's  tent  and  a 
very  pleasant  social  interview  resulted.  It  was  then  and 
there  that  Surgeon  Crosby  and  his  future  wife  were 
first  introduced,  an  occurrence  which  served  for  many  a 
pleasantry  with  the  Surgeon  during  the  campaign. 


CHAPLAIN  PREACHING  TO  SOLDIERS. 

When  in  camp  at  Kalorama  as  well  as  during  the 
campaign,  religious  services  were  held  by  the  Chaplain 
at  every  dress  parade,  consisting  of  singing,  reading 


126  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

* 

the  scriptures  and  prayer.  To  this  service  was  added 
on  Sunday  a  brief  address.  The  singing  was  from  a 
small  collection  of  about  thirty-five  hymns  compiled  by 
the  Chaplain  and  printed  at  the  Statesman  office  in 
Concord.  This  was  the  first  army  hymn-book  pub- 
lished and  the  edition  was  speedily  exhausted  when  other 
regiments  learned  of  its  existence. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  here  that  Col.  Tappan  was 
always  particular  that  these  services  should  be  regu- 
larly observed  and  grace  said  at  the  table.  Indeed  he 
did  all  that  a  Colonel  could  well  do  to  facilitate  the  work 
of  the  Chaplain.  These  religious  services  attracted 
many  spectators,  among  whom  were  often  seen  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  and  his  family. 

Just  as  the  men  were  drawn  up  for  this  service,  on  the 
first  day  of  June,  firing  was  heard  in  the  direction  of 
Alexandria,  and  an  unofficial  messenger  rode  into  camp 
on  a  foaming  steed  and  told  the  Chaplain  that  an  en- 
gagement was  in  progress,  and  that  the  First  New 
Hampshire  Regiment  was  to  be  called  out.  The  Colo- 
nel communicated  this  to  the  regiment  which  created 
among  the  men  the  wildest  excitement.  The  Chaplain 
confesses  to  his  full  share  in  this  excitement  and  in  his 
prayer  used  language  which,  separated  from  its  connec- 
tion, was  made  to  do  him  injustice.  The  expression 
that  was  published  in  the  papers  was  as  follows  :  "  Give 
to  our  soldiers  a  brave  heart,  a  firm  nerve,  a  steady 
eye,  and  send  the  missile  straight  to  its  mark."  To  this 
was  actually  prefixed  the  following:  "  If  thou  canst 
make  it  consistent  with  thy  purposes  concerning  us  as  a 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  127 

people  and  a  Nation,  let  blood-shed  and  violence  be 
averted  but  otherwise,  etc."  While  such  a  prayer  is  en- 
tirely consistent  if  God  approves  of  war,  still  the  Chap- 
lain has  always  regretted  the  use  of  the  language  be- 
cause of  its  liability  to  misconstruction. 

The  alarm  proved  to  be  a  false  one  and  the  excite- 
ment soon  subsided.  On  this  evening  the  Staff  officers 
were  invited  to  dine  with  Secretary  Seward,  and  some 
officious  person  sent  a  telegram  to  the  papers  that  the 
"First  Regiment  instead  of  dining  with  Secretary 
Seward,  was  over  in  Virginia  righting  the  Rebs,"  but 
the  alarm  among  the  friends  at  home  was  soon  allayed 
by  a  contradictory  dispatch  from  the  Colonel. 

The  regiment  while  at  Washington  was  once  honored 

# 
with  a  visit  from  the  President's  cabinet  officers,  who, 

coming  into  camp  about  noon,  very  graciously  accepted 
an  invitation  from  the  Colonel  to  dine  with  the  Staff. 
All  the  men  appreciated  the  compliment.  Before  leav- 
ing this  camp  the  Chaplain  was  appointed  Post -Master 
of  the  regiment,  and  the  Colonel  being  a  member  of 
Congress,  the  Chaplain  was  permitted  to  write  his  frank 
upon  all  the  letters  mailed  by  the  soldiers.  As  the  re- 
sult, it  was  not  infrequent  that  he  had  more  than  four 
hundred  letters  to  frank  in  a  day. 

From  this  point  in  the  history,  the  author  desires  to  no- 
tice that,  for  most  of  the  facts  connected  with  the  move- 
ments of  Col.  Stone  and  Gen.  Patterson,  he  is  indebted 
to  Col.  Thomas  L.  Livermore,  whose  familiarity  with 
the  subject  and  careful  examination  of  the  records,  leave 
little  if  any  doubt  of  the  accuracy  of  the  facts  stated. 


128 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 


"Southern  forces  had  assembled  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
Leesburg  and  Manassas  Junction  and  had  established 
connection  between  these  points.  The  leaders  of  Se- 
cession hoped  to  carry  Maryland  with  them  into  seces- 
sion, and  Harper's  Ferry  was  important  to  them,  not 
only  because  it  commanded  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
railroad,  but  also  because  it  was  the  gateway  between 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  these  facts  made  it  equally 
desirable  that  the  Union  leaders  should  seize  the  place, 
and  Gen.  Patterson,  the  commander  of  the  Pennsylvania 

Militia  was  intrust- 
ed with  the  enter- 
prise of  moving 

from     Chambers- 

• 
burg ,  Pa. ,  where  his 

forces  were  assem- 
bling, less  than  fifty 
miles  from  Harper's 
Ferry,  to  cross  the 
Potomac  at  Wil- 
liamsport,  Md.,  and 
approach  Harper's 
Ferry  from  the  rear. 
This  led  to  -the 
separation  of  the 
istN.  H.  Vols.from 
the  force  around  Washington,  and  Col.  Charles  P. 
Stone,  on  the  loth  of  June  was  despatched  with  ist  N. 
H.  Vols.,  pth  N.  Y.  Vols.,  ist  Penn.  Vols.,  four  battal- 
ions of  District  of  Columbia  Vols.  and  a  small  force  of 


COL.  CHARLES  P.  STONE. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  129 

cavalry  and  artillery,  to  seize  Edward's  Ferry  on  the 
Potomac  and,  if  practicable,  to  cross  the  river  and  con- 
tinue on  to  Leesburg,  intercept  supplies  sent  from  Balti- 
more to  Virginia  and  effect  a  junction  with  Patter- 
son's column  if  intelligence  to  be  received  from 
him  should  justify  it.  Edward's  Ferry  is  only  four 
miles  from  Leesburg  and  less  than  twenty  miles  from 
Harper's  Ferry  and  it  was  connected  with  Alexandria 
by  rail. 

By  a  remarkable  coincidence,  Col.  Epps  Hunton, 
commanding  at  Leesburg,  on  the  nth  of  June  was  or- 
dered by  Gen.  Lee  to  cross  the  Potomac  and  cut  the 
dam  at  Seneca  and  Edward's  Ferry  and  blow  up  the 
Monocacy  Aqueduct  so  as  to  destroy  the  navigation  of 
the  Chesepeake  and  Ohio  canal,  and  a  small  force  sent 
out  by  him  on  the  i2th  crossed  the  river  at  Edward's 
Ferry  and  attempted  to  cut  the  canal  there  without  suc- 
cess. On  the  same  day  a  portion  of  Stone's  command 
moved  up  the  canal,  occupied  Seneca,  and  the  remain- 
der of  his  force  occupied  Conrad  and  Edward's  Ferries 
on  the  1 5th,  before  the  enemy  attempted  further  mis- 
chief." 

Gen.  Scott's  order  to  Col.  Stone  to  march  was  issued 
Saturday,  June  8th.  The  orders  were  received  in  camp 
with  great  joy.  The  regiment  broke  camp  on  Monday, 
the  loth  of  June,  and  marched  that  day  to  Rockville,  a 
distance  of  nineteen  miles,  where  they  arrived  at  9 
o'clock  p.  m.  and  encamped  upon  the  Montgomery 
County  Fair  Grounds,  a  most  delightful  place  which 
they  christened  "  Camp  Lincoln."  The  heat  on  the 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 3 T 

march  was  excessive.  Much  of  the  way  the  road  was 
made  of  broken  quartz,  the  men  were  loaded  with 
knapsacks  and  guns  and  were  wholly  unused  to  march- 
ing. As  the  result  some  of  the  men,  overcome  by  the 
heat,  fell  out  by  the  way.  They  were,  however,  helped 
forward  by  the  wagons  and  by  officers  who  generously 
dismounted  and  placed  them  in  the  saddles.  Col.  Tap- 
pan  and  others  were  often  seen  walking  beside  their 
horses  on  which  sat  the  wearied  and  over-heated 
privates. 

June  n,  the  day  after  arriving  at  Rockville,  Col. 
Stone  sent  the  following  dispatch  to  headquarters : 
"The  section  of  Griffin's  battery  and  Capt.  Magrud- 
er's  cavalry  arrived  at  Rockville  about  n  o'clock  a.  m. 
yesterday,  and  at  the  same  hour  two  canal  boats  at  the 
Chain  Bridge,  where  they  await  a  battalion  for  the 
expedition  along  the  canal.  I  propose  to  detach  for  the 
latter  service  Lieut.  Col.  Everett,  with  the  Fifth  Battal- 
ion, District  of  Columbia  Vols.,  and  have  en- 
camped him  conveniently  for  that  purpose.  The  move- 
ment will  be  made  as  soon  as  the  regiments  at  Rock- 
ville are  sufficiently  refreshed  to  move  rapidly  in  the 
direction  of  Edward's  Ferry." 

On  the  I3th  of  June,  the  day  before  leaving  Rock- 
ville, Col.  Stone  reports  : 

"  The  conduct  of  the  men  in  Rockville  has  been 
admirable.  Not  a  complaint  has  been  made  to  me  of 
depredations  on  private  property,  and  the  soldiers  are 
most  kindly  received,  and  are  very  popular  with  the 
people." 


1 3  2  FS/fS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

Frequently  thereafter  he  reiterated  in  his  reports  sim- 
ilar testimony  with  regard  to  his  men.  These  reports 
present  a  striking  contrast  with  Gen.  Beauregard's 
famous  proclamation  issued  on  the  5th  of  June  to  the 
people  of  Loudon,  Fairfax  and  Prince  William  Coun- 
ties, Virginia,  accusing  our  troops  of  murdering,  impris- 
oning, confiscating  and  destroying,  and  "  committing 
other  acts  of  violence  and  outrage  too  shocking  and 
revolting  to  humanity  to  be  enumerated,"  and  said  that 
we  had  abandoned  "  all  rules  of  civilized  warfare,"  and 
proclaimed  that  our  war  cry  was  "  beauty  and  booty." 

The  fact  was  that  our  troops  conducted  themselves 
with  such  propriety  as  to  give  the  lie  to  all  such  repre- 
sentations, and  to  secure  the  confidence  and  respect  of 
the  people  generally. 

At  Rockville,  the  New  Hampshire  First  made  the 
acquaintance  of  the  New  York  Ninth  in  quite  a  unique 
manner.  While  on  the  march  from  Kalorama,  the 
Ninth  was  behind  the  New  Hampshire  First.  When 
they  halted  at  noon  for  rest  and  refreshment,  the  Ninth 
marched  first  and  passed  our  regiment,  at  which  our 
boys  were  a  little  piqued  ;  considering  it  a  breach  of 
etiquette.  They  occupied  the  north  slope  of  the  fair 
ground  and  the  First  the  south  slope.  At  the  dress 
parade  the  next  day  the  Ninth  came  out  first  and  were 
looked  upon  in  mute  curiosity.  The  First  followed, 
saying  among  themselves,  "  now  we  will  show  them 
how  to  have  a  dress  parade,"  while  the  Ninth  watched 
them  with  astonishment  at  their  proficiency  in  drill,  and 
expressed  approbation  by  frequent  cheers.  After  the 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  133 

parade  was  over  the  First  returned  to  the  parade  ground 
and  began  vociferously  to  cheer  the  Ninth,  which  com- 
pliment was  enthusiastically  returned,  and  for  ten 
minutes  the  two  were  pitted  against  each  other  in  the 
exercise  of  the  vocal  organs  upon  the  highest  possible 
pitch,  when  suddenly  the  Ninth  vaulted  the  fence  which 
surrounded  the  area  between  them  ;  the  First  accepted 
the  challenge,  and  instantly  not  less  than  fifteen  hundred 
soldiers  were  shaking  hands,  embracing  each  other, 
making  the  earth  to  quake  with  their  shouts  and  stamp- 
ing, and  literally  filling  the  air  with  their  caps.  Such 
a  scene  of  sinking  all  prejudice  in  the  cordial  greetings 
of  kindred  spirits,  it  is  not  the  privilege  of  men  often 
to  witness.  The  most  intimate  friendship  ever  after 
prevailed  between  them,  attracting  the  notice  and 
comment  of  the  entire  brigade. 

The  first  impression  produced  upon  the  people  of 
Rockville  seemed  to  be  one  of  fear  and  consternation. 
Their  cool  and  distant  air  towards  both  officers  and 
men  indicated  distrust  of  their  motives.  They  doubt- 
less sincerely  believed  that  the  chief  object  of  the 
expedition  was  that  of  "beauty  and  booty."  The 
quiet,  orderly  and  even  gentlemanly  conduct  of  the 
soldiers  soon  dissipated  this  impression,  though  the 
impression  was  never  removed  from  the  minds  of  the 
regiment  that  the  prevailing  sentiment  of  the  people 
was  secesh. 

The  men  were  generally  well-behaved  and  respected 
the  property  and  rights  of  the  citizens.  There  were 
times,  however,  when  it  was  necessary  to  supply  their 


134  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

creature  wants,  that  they  did  not  so  scrupulously  regard 
the  claims  of  the  owners  as  would  be  expected  in  times 
of  peace. 

As  an  illustration  of  this,  a  stuttering  soldier  entered 
a  house  the  morning  after  arriving  in  the  village,  and 
very  politely  asked  the  lady  to  sell  him  some  pie.  She 
replied,  "  we  don't  sell  pies  to  your  kind  of  soldiers." 
"  O,  ye-ye-you  d-don't,  d-do  ye?  "  He  coolly  drew  his 
pistol,  laid  it  upon  the  table,  sat  down  beside  it  and 
began,  Yankee  fashion,  to  ask  many  indifferent  ques- 
tions. Finally  he  asked,  "  ho— ow-ow  long  do-does  it 
t-t-take  to  bu-bu-build  a-a  house  d-d-down  here?" 
"  Wall,  'bout  three  months,  I  reckon,  if  we  work  right 
smart."  "D-d-does  it?  (looking  around  the  room),  it 
wo-wo-wont  t-take  three  ho-hours  t-t-to  p-p-pull  it  d-d- 
down."  His  creature  wants  were  soon  supplied  under 
this  persuasive  appeal,  and  after  offering  to  pay,  he 
bowed  himself  out  with  a  grateful  "  t-thank  you 
ma-a-am." 

A  little  circumstance  occurred  here  which  illustrates 
at  once  the  erroneous  views  slave-holders  had  of  the 
contentment  of  their  slaves,  and  the  confidence  the 
presence  of  Union  troops  inspired  in  the  slaves  them- 
selves. As  the  Chaplain  was  one  day  passing  from 
Poolsville  to  Washington,  one  Mrs.  Bowie,  of  Rock- 
ville,  invited  him  to  dine  with  her  on  his  return,  an 
invitation  which  he  gladly  accepted.  In  conversation 
at  the  table,  she  remarked,  "you  Northerners  are 
entirely  deceived  about  the  contentment  of  our  slaves. 
They  don't  want  to  leave  us.  I  own slaves,  and 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE .  135 

you  are  at  liberty  to  take  away  any  or  all  of  them  if 
you  can  persuade  them  to  go  with  you."  The  Chap- 
lain replied,  "  we  carefully  avoid  any  such  interference 
with  the  slaves  in  Maryland,  as  it  is  a  loyal  State." 
"  But,"  she  replied,  "  I  would  like  to  have  you  try  it, 
that  you  may  be  fully  satisfied."  "  Well,"  he  replied, 
"  I  would  like  to  take  home  with  me  a  good  house- 
keeper." Mrs.  B.  replied,  "  I  have  one  of  the  best 
housekeepers  in  the  county.  I  will  call  her  in  and  you 
are  at  full  liberty  to  say  what  you  please  to  her." 
"  Hepsie,  come  in  here.  Here  is  a  nice  gentleman 
from  the  North  who  wants  a  housekeeper ;  do  you  want 
to  go  with  him  and  be  free?"  "  Sure,  missus,  I  would 
like  to  be  free.  I'll  go  if  you'll  take  me,  massa."  "  O, 
but  Hepsie,  you  can't  come  back  again."  "  I'd  like  to 
come  back,  but  I  wants  to  be  free.  I'll  go  if  you'll  take 
me,  massa."  "  What,  and  leave  all  your  friends  here, 
master  and  missus,  and  all?"  "  Sure,  I  don't  want  to 
leave  you,  but  I  wants  to  be  free.  I'll  go  if  you'll  take 
me,  massa."  Mrs.  B.  abruptly  closed  the  conversation 
by  ordering  the  servant  to  bring  some  fresh  water,  and 
saying,  "  Hepsie  is  a  curious  girl;  she'd  soon  want  to 
come  back." 

But  a  single  Union  flag  was  to  be  seen. in  Rockville 
and  that  was  displayed  in  the  private  yard  of  Rev.  L. 
S.  Russell,  rector  of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  a  son 
of  Major  Russell,  of  Boston,  of  Revolutionary  note, 
and  who  was  afterwards  employed  in  a  government 
office  at  Washington.  There  were  many  who  professed 
to  .be  Union  people  for  the  occasion,  but  few  who  were 


136 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


FSJ?  5  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  137 

so  at  heart.  Court  was  in  session,  and  one  of  the  sol- 
diers went  into  the  second  story  of  the  Court  House  and 
stuck  a  small  flag  into  the  joint  of  the  bricks  .where  it 
remained  until  the  regiment  left,  notwithstanding  many 
threats  and  much  angry  talk. 

The  comrades  who  read  this  book  might  not  be  satis- 
fied without  finding  the  record  of  how  a  company  of 
officers,  attired  in  their  best,  rode  to  church  one  Sunday 
— how  Capt.  Bell  rode  the  only  mule  in  the  regiment 
and  how,  riding  on  to  the  common  among  the  church- 
goers, the  mule  forgot  where  he  was  going  and 
suddenly  "bucked"  and  threw  the  rider  to  the  ground 
amidst  the  cheers  of  the  soldiers  and  the  derision  of  the 
natives. 

On  the  I4th  of  June  orders  were  given  to  break  camp 
and  march  to  Poolsville.  Rumors  were  rife  that  a  col- 
lision with  rebel  forces  was  imminent,  and  they  might 
at  any  moment  come  down  upon  the  small  bodies  of 
troops  stationed  as  guards  along  the  river.  These  lia- 
bilities were  met  with  the  utmost  cheerfulness,  and  the 
soldiers  marched  with  an  air  that  indicated  a  desire  to 
meet  the  foe  rather  than  of  fear.  The  men  were  kept 
well  together  and  a  vigilant  lookout  was  maintained 
against  surprises.  The  regiment  bivouacked  the  first 
night  at  Darnestown,  about  nine  miles  from  Rockville, 
and  arrived  at  Poolsville,  nine  miles  further,  about  noon 
of  June  I5th. 

No  Rebels  were  met,  and  nothing  of  interest  occurred, 
unless  veterans  would  enjoy  being  reminded  of  the  fre- 
quent, respectful  raids  that  were  made  upon  the  larders 


138  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

and  milk-rooms  of  the  good  house-wives  along  the 
route.  But  it  should  be  noticed  here  that  almost  inva- 
riably, in  such  excursions,  the  men  were  perfectly  re- 
spectful when  politely  treated,  and  cheerfully  paid  for 
what  they  received. 

It  soon  transpired  that  the  object  of  the  movement 
was  to  guard  the  river  against  the  Rebels  who  might 
contemplate  crossing.  There  was  a  force  of  Rebels  at 
Leesburg,  Va.,  but  five  miles  inland  from  Conrad  Ferry, 
and  it  was  feared  that  they  might  attempt  crossing  at 
this  point,  for  while  Patterson  was  occupied  with  prepa- 
rations for  his  movement  until  June  I5th,  Johnston  had 
begun  on  the  I3th  to  abandon  Harper's  Ferry  to  avoid 
being  caught  there  by  Patterson's  anticipated  turning 
movement. 

Gen.  Patterson  was  not  encouraged  by  the  abandon- 
ment of  Harper's  Ferry  to  follow  up  the  enemy,  and 
Col.  Stone  vainly  hoping  to  hear  of  Patterson's  ad- 
vance, maintained  his  position  along  the  Potomac. 
"June  25th,  Gen.  Scott  urged  Patterson  to  cross  the 
river  and  offer  battle  to  Johnston,  but  Patterson,  overes- 
timating Johnston's  numbers  insisted  on  re-enforce- 
ments, and  in  compliance  with  his  specific  request,  that 
Stone's  force  should  be  sent  to  him.  June  30,  Col.  Stone 
was  ordered  to  join  him  with  the  ist  N.  H.,  ist  Penn., 
pth  New  York  and  five  companies  of  a  Pennsylvania 
regiment ;  and  on  the  next  day  Gen.  Scott  sent  word  to 
Patterson  that  he  hoped  to  move  the  next  week  with 
35,000  men  aggressively  towards  the  enemy's  lines 
from  Fairfax  Court  House  to  Manassas  Junction."  Col. 


FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  139 

Stone  reported  July  i:  "The  advance  towards  Gen. 
Patterson's  supposed  position  will  commence  this  after- 
noon *  *  *  *  The  rear  will'  be  covered  by  the  First 
New  Hampshire  Regiment  which  will,  until  the  last 
moment  possible,  guard  the  fords  and  ferries." 

"July  2d  Patterson  crossed  the  Potomac  at  Williams- 
port,  Md.,  and  encountered  a  force  of  the  enemy  under 
Stonewall  Jackson,  at  Falling  Water,  on  the  road  to 
Martinsburg,  Va.,  which  retired  after  a  short  engage- 
ment. Patterson  moved  on  to  Martinsburg  and  from 
there,  July  4,  sent  orders  to  Col.  Stone  to  join  him  in 
the  direction  of  Charlestown,  Va.,  if  he  h\ad  crossed  at 
Harper's  Ferry.  Col.  Stone  received  the  order  July  5, 
but  under  the  direction  given  to  him,  decided  to  over- 
take Patterson  by  way  of  Williamsport  rather  than 
hazard  a  movement  alone  into  the  enemy's  country." 

Col.  Stone  joined  Patterson  on  the  8th  of  July  at 
Martinsburg.  The  events  that  followed,  and  have 
caused  much  dispute,  are  vividly  presented  in  the  follow- 
ing sketch  by  Col.  Livermore  : 

"The  official  records,  and  the  testimony  of  the  chief 
actors  in  the  scene,  leave  no  doubt  that  Patterson  in  the 
next  ten  days  missed  the  opportunity  to  save  the  fortune 
of  our  arms  at  Bull  Run,  and  the  conclusion  that  he 
was  blameworthy  is  difficult  to  escape."  He  remained 
at  Martinsburg  twelve  days,  receiving  re-enforcements 
and  preparing  to  move  against  the  enemy.  He  was 
explicitly  instructed  by  Gen.  Scott,  that  in  view  of  the 
movement  against  Manassas  (which  had  been  post- 
poned) he  was  expected  to  either  beat  the  enemy  or  to 


140  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

detain  them  in  the  valley  of  Winchester,  and,  at  the 
worst,  to  come  to  Alexandria  by  way  of  Leesburg  if 
the  enemy  retreated  towards  Manassas.  July  I2th  he 
was  directed  to  move  against  the  enemy  on  the  i6th, 
and  was  given  to  understand  that  on  the  same  day  Mc- 
Dowell's army  was  to  begin  its  movement  against  the 
enemy  at  Manassas  Junction,  and  on  that  day  Patterson 
moved  to  Bunker  Hill.  McDowell  also  moved  on  the 
same  day  towards  Centreville.  The  position  of  the 
four  opposing  armies  at  the  close  of  this  day  was  as 
follows :  McDowell  was  facing  Southwest  towards 
Beauregard  and  was  within  twenty  miles  of  his  main 
force.  To  the  North  Johnston  and  Patterson  faced  each 
other,  about  twelve  miles  apart.  The  Blue  Ridge  lay 
between  the  two  armies  of  each  side.  Patterson  was 
about  fifty  miles  from  McDowell  by  the  longest  road 
through  Charlestown  and  Leesburg,  and  about  forty- 
five  miles  from  him  by  the  road  from  Winchester 
through  Snicker's  Gap  to  Centreville.  Johnston  was 
about  fifty  miles  from  Beauregard,  by  the  way  of  Mill- 
wood, and  about  forty-five  miles  by  the  way  of  Snicker's 
Gap.  The  road  through  Snicker's  Gap  exposed  either 
army  to  an  attack  by  the  other  en  route,  but  neither 
Johnston  nor  Patterson  would  have  ventured  to  take  this 
road.  It  took  a'part  of  Johnston's  force  forty-eight  hours, 
and  a  part  of  it  seventy-two  hours,  to  reach  Beauregard. 
Patterson  could  have  marched  to  McDowell  on  the 
morning  of  the  i7th  and  passed  over  the  intervening 
fifty  miles  in  two  or  three  days,  and  reached  McDowell 
in  time  for  the  battle  at  Bull  Run  on  the  2ist.  We 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 


know  now  that  this  was  the  only  thing  for  Patterson  to 
have  done  if  he  did  not  intend  to  fight  Johnston,  or  to 
press  him  so  closely  as  to  make  it  impossible  for  him  to 
take  up  the  march  towards  Beauregard.  But  he  was 
destined  to  do  neither  of  these  things.  On  the  iyth  he 
withdrew  to  Cha"rlestown,  out  of  contact  with,  and  fif- 
teen miles  from  the  eneny.  On  the  same  day  McDow- 
ell's advance  encountered  the  enemy  at  Fairfax  Court 
House.  Lee  as  soon  as  apprized  of  McDowell's  ad- 
vance, sent  word  to  Johnston  to  join  Beauregard  if 
practicable,  and  Johnston  telegraphed  July  18,  "Gen- 
eral Patterson,  who  had  been  at  Bunker  Hill  since  Mon- 
day, seems  to  have  moved  yesterday  to  Charlestown 
twenty-three  miles  to  the  East  of  Winchester.  Unless 
he  prevents  it  we  shall  move  toward  General  Beaure- 
gard today."  And  on  that  day  he  left  with  about  nine 
thousand  men,  and  all  of  them  reached  the  field  of  Bull 
Run  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  battle  —  in  fact  they  de- 
cided the  battle  on  the  2ist. 

When  Gen.  Scott  had  learned  of  Patterson's  retreat 
to  Charlestown,  he  telegraphed  to  him,  "I  have  cer- 
tainly been  expecting  you  to  beat  the  enemy.  If  not, 
to  hear  that  you  had  felt  him  strongly,  or,  at  least,  had 
occupied  him  by  threats  and  demonstrations.  You  have 
been  at  least  his  equal,  and  I  suppose  superior  in  num- 
bers. Has  he  not  stolen  a  march  and  sent  re-enforce- 
ments towards  Manassas  Junction  ?"  But  Patterson  in 
reply  on  the  i8th  insisted  that  the  enemy  were  still  in 
front  of  him,  and  not  only  made  no  movement  but  did 
not  even  ascertain  that  Johnston  had  gone  until  the 


1 4  2  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIKE. 

2Oth.  Patterson's  excuses  for  his  retreat  on  the 
were  that  the  enemy  were  superior  in  force  to  him,  that 
some  of  his  three  months'  volunteers  were  unwilling  to 
enter  into  operations  which  should  keep  them  beyond 
their  term  of  enlistment  which  would  expire  in  a  week, 
and  that  he  supposed  that  it  was  sufficient  to  keep 
Johnston  in  front  of  him  on  the  i6th,  as  that  was  the 
day  set  for  the  movement  on  Manassas  Junction  ;  but  it 
is  now  apparent  from  the  records  that  Johnston  had  only 
about  10,000  men  to  Patterson's  18,000,  and  while  the 
latter  never  suggested  that  any  but  the  Pennsylvania 
Militia  were  unwilling  to  prolong  their  enlistment,  the 
evidence  before  the  committee  on  the  conduct  of  the 
war,  was  ample  that  even  they  made  no  sign  of  discon- 
tent until  the  retreat  to  Charlestown  began,  and  that  all 
the  troops  were  anxious  to  engage  the  enemy,  as  long 
as  the  army  advanced,  (it  is  certain  that  this  was  the 
earnest  desire  of  the  ist  N.  H.  Vols.)  and  the  sugges- 
tion that  it  was  enough  to  detain  Johnston's  army  for 
one  day,  was  childish,  for  it  required  no  military  science 
to  know  that  it  was  highly  improbable  that  a  large  army 
could  be  moved  twenty  miles  in  the  face  of  the  enemy 
and  fight  a  pitched  battle  in  a  single  day.  The  truth 
seems  to  be  that  General  Patterson,  who  had  distin- 
guished himself  in  two  wars,  wished  to  attack  Johnston, 
but  that  he  was  persuaded  to  retreat  by  too  cautious 
military  advisers,  younger  men,  and  skilled  soldiers, 
some  of  whom  attained  distinction  later  in  the  war. 
One  of  them  was  Fitz  John  Porter.  It  is  probable  that 
with  such  of  these  officers  as  had  served  in  the  regular 


FIRS T  NEW  HA MPSHIRE.  143 

army,  there  was  a  want  of  confidence  in  the  steadiness 
of  the  volunteers  and  militia,  but  they  failed  to  take  into 
account  that  there  was  no  greater  steadiness  to  be  ex- 
pected in  the  enemy's  troops,  and  even  if  it  had  been 
undesirable  to  bring  on  a  pitched  battle  there  can  be 
but  little  doubt  that  if  Patterson's  troops  had  been 
brought  up  in  close  contact  with  Johnston's,  the  latter 
would  not  have  ventured  to  march  away.  The  fear  of 
cutting  loose  from  lines  of  supplies,  and  of  exposing  the 
wagon  trains,  seems  to  have  influenced  Gen.  Patterson 
and  his  advisers  to  some  extent,  but  when  it  is  consid- 
ered that  the  army  would  not  have  been  over  two  day's 
march  from  Harper's  Ferry  or  Leesburg  if  it  had  gone 
to  Winchester  we  cannot  think  that  this  would  have 
been  very  venturesome,  and  the  loss  of  a  wagon  train, 
if  that  had  been  the  penalty  of  moving  on  Winchester, 
would  have  been  small  as  compared  to*  the  loss  of  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run.  Finally  Patterson's  army  was  as 
near  Bull  Run  as  Johnston's  was,  and  it  could  have 
marched  there  in  time  for  the  battle  if  it  had  started  for 
that  field  on  the  morning  of  the  iyth  instead  of  for 
Charlestown,  but  that  would  perhaps  have  been  strategy 

too  bold  for  that  early  period  in  the  war,  even  if  Patter- 

•  • 
son  had  discovered  on  the  i8th  that  Johnston  had  gone. 

If  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  had  resulted  in  a  decisive 
victory  for  our  arms,  it  might  not  have  proven  an  un- 
mixed good,  for  it  might  have  carried  the  seat  of  the 
war  into  the  interior  of  the  confederacy,  where  it  would 
have  been  much  more  difficult  to  maintain  our  armies 
than  it  was  around  Richmond.  It  may  be  that  the 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 


Secession  leaders  were  led  by  Providence  to  wage  the 
war  in  Virginia,  where  all  the  resources  of  the  Union 
on  land  and  water  could  best  be  brought  to  bear  against 
them.  No  such  considerations  as  these  however,  alle- 
viated the  bitterness  of  the  hour  for  the  ist  N.  H.  Vols. 
when  at  Harper's  Ferry  on  the  22dof  July,  they  learned 
that  their  brothers  in  arms  had  been  defeated  at  Bull 
Run.  But  the  men  in  the  ranks  did  not  know  how  the 
retreat  from  Bunker  Hill  had  contributed  to  the  defeat, 
nor  who  was  responsible  for  it. 

On  arriving  at  camp,  which  was  named  Camp  Stone, 
Col.  Stone  sent  an  order  to  Col.  Tappan  to  detail 
half  of  the  regiment  for  picket  duty  to  Conrad  Ferry. 
The  detail  was  made,  and  Lieut. -Col.  Whipple  was 
placed  in  command 
and  ordered  to  re- 
port to  Gen.  Stone 
for  instructions. 
Gen.  Stone  showed 
Col.  Whipple  a  pen- 
cil draught  of  the 
Potomac,  from  Con- 
rad Ferry  to  Ed- 
ward's Ferry,  four 
or  live  miles  below.  Col.  Whipple 
says:  "He  stated  that  the  [enemy 
appeared  to  be  gathering  in  force 
opposite  these  points,  and  might  at- 
tempt to  cross  at  Conrad  Ferry,  which 
would  give  them  easy  access  to  his  own  encampment, 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  145 

where  he  had  several  regiments,  and,  therefore,  a  stub- 
born defence  at  the  Ferry  would  be  important.  Gen. 
Stone  indicated  the  points  where  men  should  be  sta- 
tioned. He  wished  the  picket  to  be  concealed,  as  far 
as  possible,  which  was  facilitated  by  the  trees  and 
bushes  which  lined  the  bank  almost  the  entire  distance." 
Col.  Whipple  continues:  "I  returned  to  camp,- and 
on  the  evening  of  the  i5th  went  with  Capt.  Bell  and 
his  company  —  Company  A  —  to  the  Ferry,  located  the 
camp,  which  was  christened  Camp  Tappan,  reconnoi- 
tred the  ground  and  stationed  the  pickets.  Capt.  Bell 
and  his  company  immediately  commenced  throwing 
up  rude  earth-works  for  protection. 

In  the  night  of  the  i5th  orders  were  received  from 
Gen.  Stone  to  re-enforce  Capt.  Bell  with  Companies 
C,  Capt.  Kelly  ;  E,  Capt.  Greeley  ;  G,  Capt.  Sargent, 
and  I,  Capt.  Sturtevant.  The  command  of  this  re-in- 
forcement  was  given  to  Maj.  Stevens,  who  marched 
with  his  command  for  the  Ferry,  Sunday  morning  of 
the  i6th. 

Col.  Whipple  returned  to  camp  about  the  time  Maj. 
Stevens  marched,  but  in  the  evening,  he,  with  Col. 
Tappan,  -visited  the  Ferry,  and  Col.  Whipple,  ranking 
Maj.  Stevens,  took  command  of  the  force,  but  requested 
the  Major  to  retain  command  until  the  next  day,  when 
he  returned  and  remained  with  the  detachment. 

There  seems  to  be  a  slight  conflict  in  the  testimony 
as  to  when  the  firing  upon  our  regiment  commenced. 
Maj.  Stevens,  writing  to  a  friend  from  the  field,  makes 
the  firing  .to  commence  after  he  arrived,  on  Monday, 


146  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

the  iyth,  which  corresponds  with  Col.  Stone's  report  to 
the  department.  Notes  taken  by  the  writer  at  the  time 
state  that  the  firing  commenced  when  the  four  companies 
were  within  about  a  mile  of  the  Ferry  —  on  Sunday, 
the  i6th.  The  discrepancy,  however,  is  of  slight 
importance.  The  firing  was  continued  at  intervals  for 
an  hour.  In  the  afternoon  the  Rebels  renewed  the 
firing  with  rifles  and  cannon,  and  thus  continued  through 
the  day  and  the  day  following.  Discovering  some 
signs  of  a  movement  some  distance  away  from  the 
opposite  bank,  by  the  suggestion  and  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Capt.  Bell,  a  ditch  was  dug  across  the  Ferry 
landing,  a  distance  of  about  fifteen  rods,  throwing  the 
dirt  towards  the  river  ;  thus  affording  ample  protection 
against  musketry. 

On  the  evening  of  Monday,  the  iyth,  Gen.  Stone 
ordered  Capt.  Gardner,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Riflemen, 
with  twenty  of  his  company,  to  the  Ferry,  who  joined 
in  the  fight,  firing  simultaneously  with  the  boys  of  the 
First  Regiment  into  the  smoke  of  the  enemy,  the  only 
indication  of  their  exact  position.  Here  the  firing  on 
both  sides  ceased.  The  Rebels  acknowledged  the  loss 
of  one  Captain  and  two  privates  killed,  and  about 
twelve  wounded.  Several  of  our  .  men  had  narrow 
escapes,  but  none  were  hurt.  One  of  our  men  lay 
down  on  some  rails  to  take  aim  at  the  Rebels,  when  a 
cannon  ball  struck  the  rails,  knocking  them  from  under 
him  and  lifting  him  into  the  air,  which  elicited  a  hearty 
laugh  and  the  facetious  remark  of  Capt.  Kelley,  who 
stood  by  :  "  these  are  solemn  times,  comrade.." 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


I47 


In  a  communication  from  Col.  Whipple  are  found 
some  incidents  worthy  of  note.  "We  were  fully  satis- 
fied that  the  enemy  were  under  shelter  of  some  woods 
on  the  other  side.  The  pickets  reported  that  they  had 
seen  Cavalry  across  the  river,  in  the  direction  of  Ed- 
ward's Ferry.  With  my  spy-glass  I  ascended  a  high 
hill  about  a  mile  from  camp,  which  commanded  a  view 
of  all  cleared  land  for  some  miles  down  the  river.  I 
saw  a  squadron  of  Cavalry  manoeuvring  on  a  plateau 
which  I  now  think  was  where  Col.  Baker  met  his 
death.  *  *  *  Every  horse  was  black  and  as  their  sa- 
bres and  accoutrements  gleamed  in  the  morning  sun,  it 
was  a  splendid  sight  to  witness  their  evolutions.  The 
officer  in  command  was  splendidly  mounted.  I  report- 
ed to  Gen.  Stone,  mentioning  the  peculiar  appearance 
of  some  bushes  about  a  mile  away  which  afterwards 
proved  to  be  a  masked  battery.  The  squadron  was  un- 
doubtedly Stuart's 
Black  Horse  Caval- 
ry. I  carried  with  me 
a  complete  draught 
of  the  river,  lay  of 
the  land  and  points 
where  pickets  were 
stationed.  This 
draught  was  made  by 

CONFEDERATE  FLAG.  Lieut.  Richardson  of 

Co.  C,  Capt.  Kelley,  a  superior  draughtsman."  The 
Colonel  repeated  his  visits  to  this  locality  to  witness 
the  drill  of  this  famous  squadron  and  look  after  the 


1 48  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

pickets.  Col.  Whipple  says  that  during  our  stay  at 
Poolsville  and  the  Ferry,  "I  lay  on  the  ground  without 
taking  off  my  boots,  or  any  change  of  clothing." 

During  one  of  the  scrimmages  with  the  enemy,  "A 
soldier  of  the  picket  had  swung  his  blanket  as  a  ham- 
mock to  take  his  day's  rest  after  his  night's  watch,  in  a 
small  corn  house  near  by,  and  was  sound  asleep  when 
the  battery  opened.  He  sprang  up,  seized  his  gun  and 
cartridge  box,  rushed  out  and  took  part  in  the  firing 
with  great  gusto.  We.  afterwards  found  that  a  cannon 
ball  had  gone  through  the  corn  house,  and  struck  the 
blanket  about  midway  of  where  his  body  would  have 
been  had  he  remained  in  the  hammock  —  which  showed 
that  the  place  of  danger  in  battle  is  often  the  place  of 
safety.  I  wish  I  could  recall  the  name  of  this  brave 
soldier." 

Col.  Whipple  who  never  heeded  danger  when  duty 
called  had  several  very  narrow  escapes  from  the  balls 
of  the  enemy.  At  one  time  in  a  reconnoissance  with 
Lieut.  Jennison  a  cannon  ball  came  so  near  his  head  as 
to  impair  his  hearing  for  several  days.  At  another  time 
a  bullet  passed  so  near  his  left  ear  that  he  felt  the  wind 
of  it  and  heard  \isfat  into  a  tree  about  three  feet  behind 
him.  Soon  another  sped  by  his  right  ear  and  struck  the 
same  tree,  the  space  between  the  two  holes  in  the  tree 
being  but  eight  inches.  At  the  moment  of  this  last  fire 
he  saw  a  large  man  slip  back  behind  a  large  birch  tree 
on  the  opposite  bank.  "  I  pointed  out  the  tree  to  Capt. 
Gardner,  and  requested  him  to  direct  some  of  his  sharp 
shooters  to  hold  their  fire  and  watch  that  tree,  which  he 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  149 

did.  In  about  ten  minutes  he  left  the  tree  and  struck 
for  some  woods  about  ten  rods  distant ;  before  he  got  a 
rod  he  was  shot  and  fell ;  and  I  suppose  him  to  be  the 
Captain  spoken  of  in  the  Adjutant  General's  report." 

Maj.  Stevens,  also,  repeatedly  experienced  the  pecu- 
liar sensation  produced  by  balls  passing  uncomfortably 
near  to  his  person.  Indeed  it  is  somewhat  remarkable 
that  none  of  our  men  were  hurt,  especially  since,  in 
their  enthusiasm,  they  were  quite  venturesome  in 
exposing  themselves. 

•  A  cannon  ball,  one  day,  buried  itself  in  the  earth 
work  that  had  been  thrown  up.  That  fearless  old  sol- 
dier, Lieut.  Col.  Whipple,  began  to  dig  the  ball  out  as  a 
trophy,  when  some  one  warned  him  that  he  wrould  get 
killed.  He  replied,  using  some  words  that  had  better 
be  imagined  than  written,  that  "they  would  never  hit 
but  once  in  the  same  place"  and  pursued  his  work  suc- 
cessfully although  several  shots  were,  meanwhile,  fired 
at  him.  A  few  incidents  of  this  kind  evinced  to  the 
men  what  might  occur  in  a  serious  engagement. 

As  soon  as  it  was  ascertained  that  the  firing  was  in 
the  direction  of  the  Ferry,  Col.  Tappan  started  with  the 
other  five  companies  of  the  regiment  for  the  scene  of 
action.  He  was  soon,  however,  overtaken  by  an  order 
from  Col.  Stone,  to  return  and  guard  the  camp  from  an 
attack  anticipated  from  another  direction.  That  night 
the  soldiers  for  the  first  time  slept  upon  their  arms. 
There  was  a  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  propriety  of 
sending  so  many  men  to  the  Ferry,  which  was  Col. 
Stone's  plan,  Col.  Tappan  being  of  the  opinion  that  a 


FIXS  T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 


simple  picket  would  be  less  likely  to  invite  an  attack, 
which  was  not  the  object  in  view. 

The  time  at  Poolsville  was  very  pleasantly  passed  by 
the  regiment.  There  was  no  end  of  the  fun  that  enliv- 
ened the  camp.  It  seemed  as  though  there  was  no 
animal  or  insect  that  was  not  so  perfectly  imitated  as  to 
deceive  the  uninitiated.  Whenever  the  one  solitary  mule 
chose  to  bray,  one  might  think  there  was  a  whole  regi- 
ment of  mules.  Often  the  camp  was  turned  into  a 
dogmatical  controversy  or  a  categorical  concert.  Occa- 
sionally little  predatory  excursions  were  made  to  secure, 
luxuries  that  the  camp  did  not  supply.  Sometimes, 
indeed,  the  results  of  these  were  a  little  more  generous 
than  the  officers  would  justify,  but  the  men  generally 
found  a  way  to  conciliate  them. 

The  Staff,  one  day,  found  upon  the  dinner  table  a  roast 
pig,  decorated  with  lemon  and  cloves.  They  looked  in 
apparent  astonishment  at  the  pig,  then  looked  signifi- 
cantly at  each  other,  said  nothing  and  ate  heartily  of  the 
pig.  The  next  morning  when  they  came  to  breakfast 
all  complained  of  being  made  sick  by  the  dinner  of  the 
day  before,  except  the  Chaplain.  The  others  accounted 
for  his  escape  on  the  ground  that  he  was  used  to  such 
food.  He  retorted,  that,  contrariwise,  it  was  because 
they  knew  that  the  pig  was  stolen  and  he  did  not. 

An  incident  occurred  while  here  worthy  of  notice  as 
a  testimony  to  the.  Union  sentiment  of  the  actress. 
Mrs.  Dr.  Brace  was  sitting  by  the  Chaplain's  tent  door 
when  the  firing  commenced.  She  mounted  her  horse 
and  rode  home,  and  immediately  wrote  the  following 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MP SHIRE.  151 

note  to  the  Captain  of  a  company  of  infantry  belonging 
to  Poolsville.  The  Captain  was  Union,  but  most  of  his 
men  were  secesh. 

"  Capt.  Fletcher:  —  Do  you  fight  under  the  Stars 
and  Stripes?  If  so,  up  and  be  doing!  Virginia  is 
firing  upon  Maryland!  Shall  ive  stand  idly  by  and  let 
Northern  men  protect  our  homes  and  firesides?" 

Miss  Susan  Dawson,  nineteen  years  of  age,  of  Daw- 
sonville,  Md.,  was  one  day  on  a  visit  to  her  uncle's,  at 
Poolsville.  The  uncle  being  absent,  a  secesh  came  to 
the  door  and  demanded  a  stand  of  arms  that  the 'uncle 
was  known  to  have  in  his  possession.  Her  aunt  being 
a  timid  woman,  Susan  went  to  the  door  and  refused  to 
give  them  up.  He  first  attempted  to  intimidate  her  by 
insolence  and  threats,  but  finding  her  proof  against 
this  kind  of  tactics,  he  asked  to  see  the  arms,  when  she 
replied  :  "  The  arms  belong  to  the  State  of  Maryland, 
and  in  due  time  thev  will  be  returned  to  the  State  author- 

•/ 

ities.  You  can  neither  have  them  nor  see  them  ;  and 
the  sooner  you  are  off,  the  better."  He  left  without 
further  parley.  The  Chaplain  became  acquainted  with 
a  sister  of  Susan,  who  related  to  him  these  facts,  and 
who  was  a  very  ardent  Union  girl.  By  his  request, 
she  wrote  to  him  two  or  three  times  after  the  regiment 
returned  to  New  Hampshire,  how  matters  were  going. 
But  when  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  came  out,  he 
received  a  letter  from  her  that  might  well  have  been 
written  bv  Xantippe,  which,  it  is  needless  to  say,  closed 
the  correspondence.  Union  and  Emancipation  meant 
very  different  things  to  the  people  of  Maryland. 


1 5  2  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

These  are,  perhaps,  fair  samples  of  the  spirit  of  the 
Union  women  the  regiment  met  in  Maryland  during 
the  campaign.  They  had  the  courage  of  their  convic- 
tions, which  could  hardly  be  said  of  many  Northern 
people.  The  extreme  sensitiveness  of  the  Maryland 
people  on  the  question  of  slavery,  and  their  apprehen- 
sions as  to  the  influence  of  the  Yankees  on  this  point, 
may  be  well  illustrated  by  the  following  correspondence  : 

"  Darnestown,  June  19,  1861. 

Rev.  Mr.  Abbott,  Dear  Sir:  —  I  learned  through  my 
friend,  E.  S.  Hayes,  that  you  had  passed  through 
Darnestown  en  route  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
would  return  today,  and  concluded  I  would  write  you 
concerning  some  information  I  received  on  my  return 
from  Poolsville  on  the  same  day  you  arrived  at  that 
place.  Mr.  N.  Almutt,  who  owns  the  farm  located  OH 
each  side  of  Seneca  Creek,  which  you  crossed  en  route 
to  Poolsville,  and  one  of  our  strongest  Union  men,  who 
has  been  voting  with  the  Democratic  party  and  owning 
slaves,  and  is  one  who  I  know  would  not  misrepresent 
the  conduct  of  any  one.  I  stopped  at  his  house  on  my 
return,  and  he  was  somewhat  desponding.  I  inquired 
the  cause,  and  his  reply  was  :  '  He  had  enough  to  dis- 
courage the  hope  of  non-interference  on  the  part  of  the 
troops  with  our  slaves.' 

As  your  regiment  was  passing  by  his  farm,  his  farm 
hands  were  plowing  in  the  field  bordering  on  the  road, 
and  as  the  men  moved  up  the  road  he  followed  along 
with  the  regiment  as  far  as  his  house,  and  saw  several 
of  your  men  beckon  to  his  servants  in  the  field  and  ask 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 5 3 

them  if  they  did  not  want  to  be  free,  etc.  Now,  my 
dear  sir,  this  is  all  wrong,  and  ought  to  be  stopped. 
God  knows  I  speak  from  the  best  motives,  and  with  a 
view  to  strengthen  the  Union  feeling.  Break  down  the 
idea  of  interference,  and  ultimately  save  our  Country, 
and  render  your  lives  more  comfortable  and  pleasant 
while  absent  from  your  families.  I  hope  you  will  call 
the  Colonel's  attention  to  this  fact,  and  oblige. 

Your  respectful  friend  and  well-wisher, 

John  L.  Dufief, 

Darnestown,  Md. 

N.  B.  May  God  in  his  mercy  avert  the  horrible 
war,  and  all  learn  to  respect  the  laws  and  the  Constitu- 
tion, and  continue  as  a  Nation  unto  the  end  of  time,  a 
happy,  prosperous  and  united  people.  Hoping  you  and 
your  friends  may  return  to  your  families  safely, 

Remain  yours,  etc., 

J.  L.  D. 
If  convenient,  should  be  pleased  to  hear  from  you. 

D." 

"  Poolsville,  Md.,  June  21,  1861. 

John  L.  Dufief,  Esq.,  My  Dear  Sir:  —  Your  favor  of 
the  i pth  inst.  was  duly  received  and  read  with  great  in- 
terest. I  admire  the  frankness  with  which  you  speak,  and 
confide  in  the  spirit  and  motive  by  which  you  are  actu- 
ated ;  and  I  assure  you  that  in  my  reply,  the  same 
frankness,  spirit  and  motive  shall  be  sacredly  regarded. 
It  seems  that  your  friend's  despondency  is  predicated 
solely  on  the  fact  that  he  '  saw  several  of  our  men 
beckon  to  his  servants  in  the  field  and  ask  them  if  they 


154  FZffS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

did  not  want  to  be  free,  etc.'  '  This,'  you  say,  '  is  all 
wrong  and  ought  to  be  stopped.'  I  fully  believe  his 
statement,  and  agree  with  you  in  your  conclusion  ;  and 
I  assure  you  that  should  any  of  our  men  be  detected  in 
tampering  with  the  slaves  for  the  purpose  of  aiding 
them  to  escape,  they  would  meet  with  severe  and 
merited  punishment. 

We  came  here  for  no  such  purpose,  and  no  such  con- 
duct is,  or  will  be  tolerated  under  any  ordinary  circum- 
stances. Whether  or  not,  in  a  seceding  State,  slaves — 
as  property — would  be  considered  contraband  of  war 
and  subject  to  confiscation,  is  a  question  upon  which  I 
have  consulted  no  one,  and  can  give  no  opinion.  One 
thing  is  certain,  whatever  may  be  the  sentiment  of  a 
part  of  our  regiment,  with  regard  to  the  moral  right  of 
slavery,  we  have  come  here  with  the  intention  of  recog- 
nizing the  fact  of  property  in  slaves  and  of  respecting 
the  rights  of  citizens  who  hold  such  property.  Now, 
my  dear  sir,  with  this  possible  exception  you  and  your 
friends  from  the  District  of  Columbia  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  may  rest  in  the  utmost  security.  Not  a  slave 
will  be  permitted  to  go  one  mile  or  one  rod  with  us, 
from  his  master,  with  our  knowledge. 

Now  to  be  a  little  more  definite  with  regard  to  the 
case  you  mention,  let  me  say,  first,  that  we  have  nearly 
a  thousand  men  with  us,  the  first  enlistment  of  volun- 
teers ;  and  can  any  rational  man  expect  or  even  de- 
mand that  there  should  be  no  rogues  among  them  who 
would  do  such  a  thing  merely  for  mischief?  I  do  not 
know  of  one  and  yet  there  may  be,  and  if  so,  should 


FIXS  T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  155 

that  discourage  Union  men  here  ?  or  should  the  whole 
regiment  be  held  responsible  for  it,  and  their  motive  be 
impugned  for  it? 

Again,  if  you  and  your  friend  were  as  well  acquain- 
ted with  Yankee  character  as  I  am,  you  would  be  more 
amused  than  alarmed  at  such  questioning.  We  are 
constitutionally  and  hereditarily  addicted  to  asking 
questions,  and  the  propensity  to  gratify  curiosity  is  as 
irresistible  as  the  current  of  a  mighty  river.  Hence 
the  same  question  has  always  been  asked  by  North- 
erners, both  pro-slavery  and  anti-slavery,  in  travelling 
South.  It  is  simply  a  wish  to  know  for  themselves 
what  they  have  learned  by  testimony.  I  feel  the  same 
curiosity  myself,  though  I  have  wholly  restrained  it,  on 
account  of  the  extreme  sensitiveness  of  the  people  just 
at  this  time.  I  seriously  doubt  whether  a  man  in  our 
company  had  any  other  motive  in  the  questions  they 
asked. 

I  thought  when  I  left  home,  and  every  day's  march, 
and  every  day's  residence  here  confirm  the  opinion,  that 
a  more  intimate  social  acquaintance  of  the  people  North 
and  South  will  do  more  than  all  the  bayonets  in  the 
country  to  harmonize  feeling  and  effect  a  desirable  and 
permanent  peace  as  it  respects  the  masses.  When  they 
are  right,  all  is  right.  God  knows  that  such  a  peace  is 
the  one  great  desire  of  the  masses  of  the  North,  and  I 
doubt  not  the  same  is  true  of  the  South  also. 

Our  arms  are  not  taken  up  for  the  purpose  of  *  inva- 
sion' or  for  'blotting  out  the  South,'  but  simply  to 
stand  by  and  defend  the  government  and  the  glorious 


156  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

old  flag,  which  have  been  assailed.  Let  us  now,  my 
dear  sir,  believe  each  other,  trust  each  other,  be  char- 
itable towards  each  other  and  stand  shoulder  to  shoul- 
der-in the  cause  upon  the  success  of  which  depend  our 
security,  our  prosperity  and  the  value  of  all  our  prized 
institutions.  Let  us  devoutly  pray  to  the  God  of  Na- 
tions that  right  and  justice  may  prevail  and  peace  be 
speedily  restored. 

I  designed  to  say  in  another  connection  that  slaves 
are  daily  sent  into  camp  on  business  whose  masters 
have  repeatedly  expressed  the  utmost  confidence  in  our 
men.  And  slaves  are  all  the  time  at  work  in  a  field 
adjoining  our  camp,  and  no  fears  are  expressed,  be- 
cause, I  believe,  no  occasion  for  fear  is  given. 

Let  me  say  in  conclusion,  that  I  cannot  hold  myself 
bound  to  reply  to  letters  upon  this  subject,  because  we 
do  not  propose  any  such  interference  as  is  suggested  ; 
but  knowing  the  kind  spirit  in  which  you  write  I  am 
very  happy  to  respond,  and  shall  be  happy  to  acknowl- 
edge any  further  correspondence  with  you.  I  have 
written  this  in  great  haste,  that  it  may  go  by  a  messen- 
ger about  leaving,  and  you  are  at  liberty  to  make  such 
honorable  use  of  it  as  you  please. 

Respectfully  your  friend  and  brother, 

S.  G.  Abbott, 
Chap,  ist  N.  H.  Vol.  M." 

Many  incidents  occurred  during  the  stay  of  the  regi- 
ment at  Poolsville  which  were  of  interest  at  the  time  ; 
some  of  them,  at  least,  are  worthy  of  record.  Soon 
after  the  arrival  of  the  regiment  some  of  the  men  were 


ENOCH  Q.  FELLOWS, 
Col.Q^N.HV 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  157 

found  in  communication  with  the  Rebel  pickets  on  the 
other  side  of  the  river,  sometimes  of  the  most  friendly 
character,  sometimes  exchanging  commodities  and 
sometimes  taunting  each  other  as  "Johnnies"  and 
"Yanks." 

One  day  a  Johnny  and  a  Yank  swam  to  the  middle  of 
the  river,  held  a  friendly  conversation  and  as  they 
parted  found  by  inquiry  that  they  bore  the  same  name 
and  finally  that  they  were  first  cousins.  Before  the 
time  agreed  upon  for  another  interview,  the  regiment 
moved  and  they  never  saw  each  other  again.  Occa- 
sionally the  men  would  invade  the  enemy's  territory  for 
spoil  and  on  one  such  occasion  two  or  three  of  them 
paid  for  their  temerity  with  several  months  in  Rebel 
prisons.  It  required  some  such  experiences  to  teach  the 
men  that  the  professed  friendship  of  planters  on  that 
side  of  the  river  was  a  cunning  devise  to  entrap  their 
unwary  feet. 

The  regiment  acquired  and  deserved  the  reputation 
of  great  fearlessness  and  daring  and  passed  everywhere 
under  the  sobriquets  of  "The  New  Hampshire  Wild 
Cats"  and  "Col.  Tappan's  Ragged  Zouaves."  The 
exceptional  good  behavior  of  the  men  hardly  justified 
the  former,  while  the  latter  was  strikingly  appropriate. 

On  one  occasion  Horace  M.  Prescott  of  Bristol, 
swam  across  the  river,  unmoored  a  boat,  and  pushed  it 
before  him  till  he  thought  it  safe  to  get  in.  He  was 
hardly  seated  when  a  Rebel  ball  passed  between  his 
arm  and  side,  glanced  upon  the  side  of  the  boat,  spent 
itself  in  the  bow,  and  rolled  back  to  his  feet,  whereupon 


158  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

he  jumped  into  the  water,  and  pushed  the  boat  across. 
Similar  incidents  were  not  infrequent. 

Occasionally  a  daring  soldier  would  cross  the  line 
while  the  guard  was  inadvertently  (?)  looking  in 
another  direction,  and  on  returning  would  be  challenged  : 
"  Halt,  who  comes  here?"  "A  friend  with  chickens." 
"Advance  friend  and  drop  a  chicken."  One  morning  a 
citizen  entered  a  complaint  to  the  Colonel  who  soon 
after  met  a  squad  of  the  boys  whom  he  suspected  might 
have  been  concerned  in  the  appropriation  of  certain 
missing  fowls  and  told  them  with  apparent  seriousness 
that  they  had  got  themselves  into  trouble.  "Why? 
what  is  the  trouble?"  "  Mr.  B.  says  he  has  lost  eleven 
geese  !"  "  Eleven  geese  !  Did  he  say  anything  about 
the  pigs?"  This  was  too  much  for  the  jolly  Colonel's 
gravity,  and  he  passed  on  with  a  snuff  and  a  laugh  that 
any  one  would  appreciate  who  knew  him,  and  no  one 
else  can.  But,  to  the  credit  of  the  regiment  it  should  be 
said  that  such  trespasses  were  not  very  common.  The 
orders  of  the  officers  were  generally  very  strict  with  re- 
gard to  such  matters,  though  sometimes  they  were 
given  in  a  somewhat  peculiar  manner,  as  was  true  in 
one  case  when  a  Colonel  caught  a  boy  stealing  apples 
from  a  tree  in  the  presence  of  the  owner.  The  Colonel 
gave  him  a  sound  lecture,  and  commanded  him  to 
"come  down  from  the  tree,  return  to  the  camp  and 
never  be  caught  here  again,  (soto  voce)  till  you  want 
some  more  apples,'1'' 

The  boys  in  blue  will  never  forget  the  timely  visit  to 
the  camp  in  Poolsville  of  Walter  Aiken  of  Franklin. 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  159 

He  came  with  his  pockets  full  of  money  which  he  dis- 
tributed among  the  boys  with  a  liberal  hand.  He  did 
not  enlist  but  took  up  a  musket  and  did  military  service 
as  a  private  during  the  remainder  of  the  campaign. 

That  these  acts  of  kindness  and  service  were  appre- 
ciated, not  only  by  the  soldiers  but  by  the  State,  is 
attested  by  the  following  act  of  the  Legislature. 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  General  Court  convened — 

Whereas,  Walter  Aiken,  of  Franklin  served  with  Co. 
D,  First  Regiment,  N.  H.  Vols.,  during  substantially 
the  whole  term  of  service  of  that  organization,  at  the 
front,  as  a  citizen  volunteer  and  without  pay  ;  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  Adjutant  General  be  requested  to 
place  the  name  of  Walter  Aiken  of  Franklin  with  those 
of  the  enrolled  members  of  that  regiment  in  the  forth- 
coming "Revised  Records  of  New  Hampshire  soldiers 
in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  "  in  such  manner  as  to  give 
him  due  credit  on  that  record  for  his  said  service,  and 
furnish  him  with  a  soldier's  testimonial. 

Approved  Sept.  30,  1887. 

It  was  at  Poolsville  also  that  Thomas  L.  Livermore 
came  from  his  Western  home  at  the  age  of  19,  and 
enlisted  in  the  ranks  as  a  private.  His  military  record 
and  rapid  advancement  may  be  found  in  the  tables  at 
the  close  of  this  volume. 

An  incident  occurred  while  at  Poolsville  which  is 
worthy  of  record  as  illustrating  the  fidelity  of  a  soldier 
and  the  awkward  position  in  which  an  officer  sometimes 
finds  himself. 


1 66  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MP SHIRE. 

A  picket  line  with  three  men  at  each  post  was  sta- 
tioned along  the  canal  near  a  ford  of  the  river.  Joseph 
Collins  was  in  command  of  one  of  these  posts.  Collins 
was  an  Englishman. 

During  a  dark  night  Col.  Stone,  as  was  his  custom, 
was  making  the  rounds  of  his  picket  line  and  coming  to 
Collins'  post  was  halted: — "Who  comes  there?"  "A 
friend  with  the  countersign,"  replied  the  Colonel.  "  Ad- 
vance friend  and  give  the  countersign,"  demanded  Col- 
lins. It  was  done,  and  the  Colonel  attempted  to  proceed, 
but  Collins  stopped  him  and  commanded  him  to  dis- 
mount. The  Colonel  refused  and  ordered  Collins  to  let 
him  pass.  "I  have  given  the  countersign  all  right, 
what  is  your  name?"  "Joseph  Collins."  "  What  regi- 
ment do  you  belong  to?"  "Co.  G.  ist  N.  H."  "Now" 
added  Collins,  "  get  off  your 'orse."  "  I'll  not  get  off"  re- 
plied the  Colonel.  "Then  you  are  a  dead  man"  replied 
Collins.  "  I'll  have  you  shot  for  this  insult"  said  the 
Colonel.  In  short  the  Colonel  obeyed  all  orders,  sat 
down  on  a  rock,  took  off  his  boots  while  Collins  felt  of 
his  legs  to  see  if  he  had  wet  them  fording  the  river  and 
then  permitted  him  to  proceed,  the  Colonel  reiterat- 
ing the  threat  to  have  him  shot.  Collins  replied,  "I 
am  going  to  know  who  passes  my  post.  I'm  going 
to  do  my  duty  if  I  do  get  shot  for  it.  I'm  satisfied 
that  somebody  has  been  carrying  news  across  the  river 
to  the  Rebs,  and  I  would  like  to  catch  the  traitor."  The 
next  morning  Col.  Stone  told  the  story  to  Col.  Tappan 
and  requested  him  to  promote  Collins  on  the  first  oppor- 
tunity presented. 


FINS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE.  1 6 1 

On  the  3d  of  July  that  portion  of  the  regiment  which 
was  stationed  at  Conrad  Ferry  and  at  Poolsville,  broke 
camp  and  marched  eight  miles  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Monocacy,  a  branch  of  the  Potomac,  where  they  spent 
the  "Fourth."  A  small  detachment  of  the  regiment 
stationed  at  Edward's  Ferry,  five  miles  below  Conrad, 
arrived  at  Monocacy  on  the  morning  of  the  5th,  just  in 
season  to  join  the  advance  before  marching  to  Point  of 
Rocks,  a  dirt\- secesh  village,  six  miles  from  Monocacv. 

This  march  \vas  on  the  tow-path  of  the  canal, 
between  which  and  the  river  was  a  narrow  belt  of 
wood,  many  of  the  trees  of  great  size  and  of  all  varie- 
ties. There  were  oak,  black  locusts,  weeping  willows, 
and  of  the  smaller  varieties,  pawpaw,  prickly  ash,  with 
many  natural  bowers  of  grape  and  woodbine.  This 
was  a  little  oasis  in  the  severe  marching  duty  that  had 
fallen  to  the  lot  of  the  men,  half  of  the  regiment  having 
marched  already  twelve  miles — one  company  sixteen 
miles. 

The  encampment  was  on  a  swell  of  land  commanding 
a  view  of  the  mouth  of  the  Monocacy  and  the  opposite 
shore  of  the  Potomac  and  was  christened  _"  Camp 
Goodwin."  Across  the  mouth  of  the  Monocacy  is  the 
aqueduct  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal ;  a  mag- 
nificent structure  of  granite  masonry,  resting  upon 
seven  arches,  its  entire  length  being  about  one  hundred 
and  seventy-five  paces.  The  tents  were  scarcely 
pitched  here  before  many  of  the  boys  were  in  the  river, 
and  in  friendly  conversation  with  the  Rebel  pickets,  a 
temerity  for  which  two  of  them  paid  dearly.  A  team- 


1 62  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

ster  named  Emerson,  and  the  cook  of  Co.  B,  were 
taken  prisoners  and  held  by,  the  enemy  until  the  Fall  of 
1862. 

On  the  morning  of  the  5th  the  regiment  marched  to 
Point  of  Rocks,  pitching  their  tents  and  naming  the 
camp  "Camp  Berry."  The  day  before  their  arrival 
here  the  proprietor  of  the'  St.  Charles  Hotel  had  re- 
fused Col.  Stone  entertainment,  whereupon  he  marched 
up  a  company  of  men,  and  took  military  possession  and 
ran  the  hotel  on  his  own  account.  Here  the  men  saw 
the  cars  for  the  first  time  since  leaving  Washington  and 
testified  to  their  joy  by  hearty  cheers. 

Here  occurred  the  unfortunate  conflict,  the  only  one 
of  the  kind  during  the  campaign,  in  which  a  young 
Rebel  was  killed  by  a  pistol  shot  fired  by  a  soldier 
named  Webster.  Webster  was  arrested,  tried  by  a  jury 
of  twelve  men  and  acquitted.  He  afterwards  enlisted 
in  another  N.  H.  Regiment  and  died  in  the  service. 

Dangers  began  now  to  thicken  around  the  brigade 
and  speedy  fighting  was  anticipated.  On  the  6th  of 
July  a  detachment  under  Col.  Tappan  set  out  by  cars 
for  Sandy  Hook,  and  in  the  night  orders  were  received 
to  send  all  baggage  that  could  be  spared  to  Frederick, 
to  leave  the  tents,  except  one  large  fly  for  the  Staff,  be- 
hind in  charge  of  a  guard,  and  prepare  for  rapid  move- 
ment. At  noon  of  the  yth  the  reserve  was  sent  by  cars 
to  Sandy  Hook.  This  locality  was  on  the  Maryland 
side  of  the  river,  opposite  Harper's  Ferry. 

The  regiment  marched  again  at  seven  o'clock  p.  m., 
keeping  the  Maryland  side  of  the  river,  and  arrived  at 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  163 

Sharpsburg,  twelve  miles,  at  two  o'clock  a.  m.  of  the 
7th,  and  at  Williamsport,  twelve  miles  further,  in  the 
afternoon,  immediately  forded  the  river  and  trod  for  the 
first  time  the  sacred  soil  of  Virginia. 

Before  crossing  the  river,  a  little  incident  occurred 
that  comrades  will  recognize  as  characteristic  of  Lieut. - 
Col.  Whipple.  Col.  Stiles,  of  the  New  York  Ninth, 
ordered  his  men  to  take  off  their  shoes  and  stockings 
before  fording  the  river,  whereupon  Col.  Whipple 
exclaimed  in  substance:  "Men  of  New  Hampshire, 
you  are  going  to  tread  the  sacred  soil  of  old  Virginia. 
For  God's  sake  don't  go  barefooted  !  If  your  mothers 
have  any  misgivings  about  your  bringing  up,  redeem 
yourselves." 

At  this  point  they  joined  again  their  old  friends,  the 
New  York  Ninth  and  other  regiments  of  the  brigade, 
and  bivouacked  for  the  night.  At  four  o'clock  on  the 
morning  of  the  8th  of  July,  the  entire  command  of  Col. 
Stone  marched  for  Martinsburg,  twelve  miles,  arriving 
there  at  noon  ;  they  joined  the  command  of  Gen.  Pat- 
terson between  Williamsport  and  Martinsburg.  Patter- 
son had  just  been  having  his  running  fight  with  Johns- 
ton over  this  route,  which  was  called  the  battle  of 
Falling  Waters,  from  a  very  rapid  but  small  brook  of 
pure  water.  The  prostrate  fences,  torn  and  scarred 
trees,  riddled  and  demolished  buildings  and  fresh 
graves  by  the  roadside,  indicated  the  field  of  action. 

But  two  of  the  Federal  troops  were  killed  in  this 
engagement.  A  hundred  and  seventy  Rebels  are  said 
to  have  been  killed.  Some  were  buried ;  fifteen  were 


164 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


covered  with  leaves  in  the  woods.  Two  four-horse 
loads  of  the  dead  were  brought  into  Martinsburg,  some 
of  them  partly  devoured  by  the  hogs.  Large  numbers 
of  turkey  buzzards  hovered  over  the  scene  waiting  for 
their  feast.  Such  is  war !  There  seemed  a  special 
significance  in  the  appearance  of  "  Old  Glory"  waving 
through  a  breach  in  the  roof  of  a  house,  made  by  a 
cannon  ball  from  the  Rebel  guns.  There  were  many 
true  Union  people  along  this  road  who  hailed  the  troops 
with  demonstrations  of  joy. 

About  twenty-five  thousand  troops  were   massed   at 
Martinsburg,  and  it  was  the  original  design  to  march 

the  following  day  in  pur- 
suit of  Johnston.  The 
approaching  battle  at 
Bull  Run  rendered  it  em- 
inently important  that 
Johnston,  who  was  at 
Winchester,  should  be 
intercepted  and  prevent- 
ed from  joining  in  the  en- 
gagement. This  work 

GEN.  N.  P.  BANKS.  was  especially  assigned 

to  Gen.  Patterson,  but  for  some  reason  which  will  prob- 
ably forever  remain  a  mystery,  when  the  morning  came 
and  all  were  anxiously  awaiting  orders  to  march,  it 
was  suddenly  decided  that  there  would  be  no  move- 
ment until  further  orders.  A  subsequent  investigation  of 
the  matter  resulted  in  the  supersedence  of  Gen.  Pat- 
terson by  Gen.  N.  P.  Banks. 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  165 

The  few  days  of  rest  at  Martinsburg  were  very 
grateful  to  the  troops  and  were  passed  in  incidents  fa- 
miliar to  camp  life.  The  clothes  of  the  men,  which 
were  poor  at  best,  had  become  much  worn,  and  they 
were  almost  shoeless.  What  new  pants  they  had  were 
distributed,  but  not  a  pair  of  shoes  could  be  found. 
Necessity,  the  mother  of  invention,  came  to  the  rescue. 
Lieut.  George  W.  Colbath,  of  Dover,  at  this  writing 
warden  of  the  State  prison  at  Concord,  was  detailed  to 
head  a  force.  In  a  very  brief  space  of  time,  leather, 
thread,  awls  and  hammers  were  collected  ;  pegs  were 
made  with  pocket  knives  ;  benches  were  extemporized, 
shoes  were  mended,  and  the  men's  feet  were  made  com- 
fortable for  the  time.  Many  were  the  shifts  to  which 
they  resorted  to  cover  their  nakedness.  In  one  case 
three  of  the  boys  found  a  strip  of  cloth  on  which  was 
painted  :  "  Pies  and  Cakes,"  which  was  converted  into 
three  patches  for  their  pantaloons.  Another  made  a 
similar  use  of  a  discarded  covering  of  a  ham,  and 
appeared  on  dress  parade  labelled:  "Sugar-Cured 
Hams  for  Family  Use." 

The  Fife-Major,  Francis  H.  Pike,  of  Manchester, 
was  one  of  the  most  unique  and  attractive  personages 
of  the  regiment,  and,  in  his  official  capacity,  of  the 
army.  To  be  appreciated  he  must  be  seen  in  full  uni- 
form, baton  in  hand,  at  the  head  of  the  regiment. 
Then  he  was  in  the  height  of  his  glory.  He  had, 
moreover,  the  faculty  of  making  others  feel  conscious 
of  his  importance.  He  had,  to  his  great  mortification, 
left  his  gaudy  uniform  at  Point  of  Rocks,  having  with 


1 66  FIXS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

him  only  a  fatigue  cap  and  blouse.  Walking  up  to  the 
hotel  door  one  day  where  a  guard  was  stationed  with 
strict  orders  to  let  none  pass  in  but  commissioned  officers, 
he  was  suddenly  halted.  Drawing  himself  up  to  his 
full  height  and  looking  down  indignantly  upon  the 
sentinel,  he  calmly,  and  with  an  air  of  authority,  asked  : 
"  Do  you  know  who  I  am,  sir?"  The  sentinel  meekly 
asked  if  he  were  an  officer.  "  What  do  I  look  like, 
sir?"  "  Pass,"  was  the  laconic  answer. 

Martinsburg  was  the  scene  of  immense  destruction 
of  railroad  property.  The  skeletons  of  fifty-three 
locomotives  and  long  trains  of  freight  cars,  yet  smoul- 
dering with  unspent  fires,  stood  upon  the  track.  It 
was  an  unnecessary  and  wanton  sacrifice  of  property. 

If  memory  is  not  at  fault,  it  was  at  Martinsburg  that 
a  night  scene  occurred  which  will  never  be  forgotten 
by  those  participating  in  it.  The  Staff',  with  several  of 
the  line  officers,  were  gathered  under  the  officers' 
"  fly,"  the  only  tent  in  the  regiment.  The  night  was 
dark  as  pitch  ;  the  rain  was  falling  in  torrents,  and  the 
wind  was  howling  dismally  through  the  grove.  All 
minds  were  depressed  by  the  unaccountable  policy  of 
Gen.  Patterson  ;  the  time  of  their  enlistment  had  nearly 
expired,  and  the  thought  of  returning  home  without 
one  opportunity  to  prove  their  courage  or  strike  a  blow 
for  their  country,  was  exceedingly  exasperating.  The 
gloom  within  and  without  were  in  perfect  sympathy. 
The  spell  was  suddenly  broken  by  the  faintest  possible 
sounds  of  vocal  music  in  the  lulls  of  the  raging  tempest. 
Gradually  the  notes  became  more  distinct,  the  air  and 


FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 67 

its  familiar  words  were  recognized,  and  when  shadowy 
forms  appeared  before  the  opening  of  the  tent  singing 
the  immortal  "  Home,  Sweet  Home,"  not  one  of  the 
little  company  of  listeners  had  the  courage  to  say  he 
was  too  manly  to  weep.  The  visions  that  came  floating 
before  their  minds  from  the  far-away  hills  and  valleys 
of  dear  old  New  Hampshire  were  too  much  for  the 
stoicism  so  often  attributed  to  brave  soldiers. 

The  men  were  greatly  elated  when,  on  Monday,  the 
1 5th  of  July,  at  five  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  regi- 
ment with  the  rest  of  the  division,  under  General  Pat- 
terson —  consisting  of  twenty-seven  regiments  and  six 
hundred  wagons  —  were  again  on  the  march.  The 
wildest  enthusiasm  prevailed  when  the  men  found  them- 
selves on  the  road  to  Winchester.  The  Rebels  were 
scattered  along  the  route  in  small  companies,  but  they 
fled  at  the  approach  of  the  Union  «army,  paying  their 
compliments  with  a  few  cannon  shots.  No  casualties 
occurred.  The  regiment  arrived  at  Bunker  Hill,  ten 
miles  from  Martinsburg,  about  two  o'clock  p.  m.,  and 
encamped  on  the  ground  just  vacated  by  the  Rebels. 
The  army  was  now  within  ten  miles  of  Johnston's  for- 
tifications at  Winchester,  and  probably  there  was  not 
a  soldier  that  did  not  confidently  expect,  as  he  desired, 
to  stand  between  Gen.  Johnston  and  the  enemy  at 
Manassas  and  prevent  his  re-enforcing  the  Rebel  army 
at  the  latter  place. 

It  is  not  the  province  of  this  sketch  to  sit  in  judgment 
upon  the  motives  of  high  officers.  This  is  the  duty  of 
higher  authority  ;  but  the  facts  in  the  case  were  of  a 


1 68  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP SHIRE. 

most  depressing  character.  The  day  was  spent  with 
only  a  feeble  reconnoissance  in  the  direction  of  Win- 
chester, with  no  results,  and  the  next  morning,  the  lyth 
of  July,  at  daylight,  instead  of  advancing  upon  Win- 
chester, a  retreat  to  Charlestown,  twelve  miles,  was 
commenced.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  men  were 
sadly  discouraged  and  demoralized.  They  had  repeat- 
edly expected  to  meet  the  enemy,  and  as  often  been 
thwarted.  The  term  of  their  enlistment  had  nearly 
expired,  and  the  prospect  of  bearing  to  their  homes  no 
laurels  of  an  actual  engagement  with  the  enemy,  was 
not  inspiring.  Whether  he  deserved  it  or  not,  Gen. 
Patterson  had  to  bear  the  censure  of  the  soldiers  in 
language  that  we  forbear  to  put  upon  paper.  Whatever 
apology  may  be  made  for  Gen.  Patterson's  conduct,  it 
is  a  fact  known  to  him  at  the  time,  that  while  he  was 
hesitating  Gen.  Johnston  marched  to  Strasburg,  with- 
out an  attempt  on  Patterson's  part  to  intercept  him. 

Charlestown  was  a  place  of  more  than  ordinary 
interest  to  the  troops  as  the  scene  of  John  Brown's 
imprisonment,  trial  and  execution.  The  court  house, 
jail,  and  the  site  of  the  gallows,  were  visited  by  thou- 
sands, and  anything  that  could  be  gathered  in  the  form 
of  relics,  was  carried  away.  But  little  was  left  of  the 
chair  in  which  John  Brown  sat  in  his  prison,  of  the 
table  on  which  he  wrote,  or  of  the  tree  to  which  his 
gallows  was  guyed.  The  troops  were  within  two  or 
three  miles  of  the  village  before  the  citizens  were  aware 
of  their  approach.  Valuables  were  hastily  secreted, 
all  places  of  business  were  closed,  and  the  troops  were 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 69 

received  with  the  most  profound  silence,  and  the  coldest 
possible  reserve.  The  sneer  of  derision  was  plainly 
apparent  on  the  countenances  of  the  ladies,  who,  in 
their  best  attire,  sat  with  an  air  of  pride  on  the  inevita- 
ble piazzas.  Still  there  were  some  Union  people  even 
in  Charlestown.  One  young  lady  had  taken  the  pre- 
caution to  gather  in  her  chamber  a  quantity  of  stones, 
with  which,  from  her  window,  she  soundly  pelted  the 
few  Rebel  soldiers  who  fled  at  the  approach  of  our 
troops.  They  in  turn  threatened,  but,  their  business 
requiring  haste,  they  could  not  tarry  to  retaliate. 

The  New  Hampshire  First  should  have  all  the  credit 
justly  due  it,  and  nothing  more  is  demanded.  For  this 
purpose  it  is  proper  to  make  a  statement  of  facts  with 
regard  to  a  transaction  that  occurred  at  Charlestown,  as 
there  was  some  dispute  about  it. 

On  the  night  of  the  i8th  Capt.  Kelley's  company, 
while  on  picket,  captured  a  horse  and  carriage  and  two 
men.  They  also  arrested  two  negroes  at  different 
times,  who  proved  to  belong  to  the  same  master,  and 
both  told  the  same  story,  as  follows  :  Their  master  was 
in  the  Rebel  Army  ;  their  overseer  who  lived  two  miles 
out  of  the  village,  was  captain  of  a  company  of  local 
militia.  On  the  approach  of  our  Army  he  disbanded 
the  company  ;  secreted  their  arms  under  the  eaves  of 
the  Court  House  ;  hid  his  uniform  and  went  home.  A 
report  was  made  at  headquarters  and  a  search  was  or- 
dered. Lieut.  Nettleton,  of  Co.  D,  being  that  day 
Lieutenant  of  the  guard,  commenced  the  search  in  the 
attic,  but  found  nothing,  when  he  was  informed  by  a 


170  FIR S T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

citizen  that  he  helped  bury  the  arms  in  the  cellar  of  the 
Court  House,  whereupon  Lieutenant  Nettleton  set  a 
squad  of  the  Massachusetts  Twelfth  to  digging,  Capt. 
Barton  of  Co.  D,  ist  N.  H.  Vols.,  being  present  and 
assisting.  Forty-three  stands  of  arms  were  found, 
which  were  carried  away  by  the  Massachusetts 
Twelfth,  who  claimed  the  credit  of  the  discovery.  All 
the  county  records,  stationery,  etc.,  were  found  here, 
evidently  buried  in  great  haste.  To  Lieut.  Nettleton 
justly  belongs  the  credit  of  this  affair.  He  also,  with  a 
squad  of  men,  surrounded  a  house  and  captured  a 
Rebel  Lieutenant  and  his  accomplices,  securing  their 
arms.  The  camp  at  Charlestown  was  christened — 
"  Camp  Whipple." 

On  the  night  of  the  2oth  the  regiment  received  the 
first  information  that  fighting  had  commenced  at 
Manassas,  and  in  the  night  received  orders  to  cook  one 
day's  rations.  Great  excitement  prevailed  in  the  regi- 
ment when,  on  the  morning  of  the  2ist,  the  newrs  of 
the  fighting  was  confirmed.  None  knew  what  to  expect 
— what  exposures  were  before  them. 

Great  anxiety  was  felt  for  the  result  and  many  were 
painfully  solicitous  for  the  fate  of  their  friends  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  Col.  Tappan  rode  up  beside 
the  Chaplain,  and,  with  blanched  face  and  tearful  eyes, 
said:  "Chaplain,  they  are  fighting  at  Bull  Run,  and 
Col.  Marston  is  killed  or  wounded,  I  feel  it  in  my  bones." 
Singularly  enough  it  proved  that  just  about  that  hour 
Col.  Marston  received  a  severe  wound.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  2ist  the  division  marched  to  Harper's  Ferry 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


171 


and  encamped  on  Bolivar  Heights.  Before  marching 
from  Charlestown  Col.  Stone  took  the  precaution  to 
give  orders  to  his  command  that  any  man  stealing  from 
the  citizens  should  have  his  head  shaved  and  be 
drummed  out  of  the  camp  as  the  least  punishment. 
Said  he,  "I  never  was  in  or  saw  any  Army  that  con- 
ducted as  this  did  at  Bunker  Hill,  the  New  Hampshire 
First  excepted,"  a  compliment  that  the  boys  of  the  First 
highly  appreciated. 


HARPER'S   FERRY. 


By  this  time  the  indignation  of  the  men  against  Gen- 
eral Patterson  had  arrived  at  white  heat,  and  they  were 
greatly  delighted  when,  on  the  night  of  the  24th,  Gen. 
N.  P.  Banks  arrived  by  appointment  to  supersede  Gen. 
Patterson.  Nothing  of  moment  occurred  during  the 


172  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

stay  of  the  regiment  at  Harper's  Ferry.  The  ruins 
occasioned  by  the  "John  Brown  Raid"  were  duly  at- 
tended to  and  many  trophies  carried  away  ;  two  or  three 
false  alarms  stirred  the  men  to  vigorous  action,  and  on 
'the  28th  of  July  the  First  Regiment  moved  across  the 
river  to  Sandy  Hook,  three  miles,  and  went  into  camp. 
On  the  2d  day  of  August,  their  term  of  enlistment 
expired  and  they  did  not  delay  to  embark  on  board  the 
cars  for  New  Hampshire.  They  were  paid  off,  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service — most  of  them  on  the  pth  of 
August,  1861 — and  discharged  at  Concord. 

The  reception  which  the  boys  met  in  Concord  was  a 
fitting  compliment  to  the  farewell  given  them  three 
months  before.  The  depot  was  again  filled.  The  rag- 
ged and  unkempt  condition  of  the  troops  very  naturally 
excited  much  merriment,  from  the  citizens,  in  which 
the  boys  heartily  joined.  The  regiment  was  marched 
through  the  streets  to  be  exhibited  to  the  people,  and 
finally  to  the  State  House  yard  where,  writes  a  soldier, 
"  Lots  of  speeches  were  made  of  which  we  did  not  hear 
a  word,  being,  Tantalus  like,  greedily  eyeing  the  good 
things  on  the  tables  which  were  bountifully  spread,  our 
appetites  having  been  sharpened  by  the  twenty-four 
hours'  ride  from  New -York,  and  where  Concord's  pret- 
tiest girls  had  their  stations  to  wait  upon  and  do  honor 
to  the  returned  Sons  of  Mars." 

Soon  after  the  arrival  of  the  regiment  at  Concord, 
occurred  the  assault  upon  the  "  Democrat  Standard " 
office  ;  accounts  of  which  have  been  so  varied  that  a 
prominent  citizen  of  Concord,  by  the  solicitation  of  the 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  173 

author,    has   furnished    for  this   volume    the    following 
statement  of  the  facts  : 

"The  'Democratic  Standard'  was  a  newspaper 
published  in  Concord  by  John  B.  Palmer,  and  edited 
by  Edmund  Burke,  of  Newport.  Its  columns  had,  all 
along  since  the  commencement  of  the  war,  teemed  with 
bitter  abuse  _of  the  government  as  administered  by 
Abraham  Lincoln,  in  its  efforts  to  suppress  the  Southern 
Rebellion.  Jeff.  Davis  was  even  extolled  as  a  '  patriot,' 
and  the  soldiers  of  the  Union  army  were  blackguarded 
as  '  Lincoln's  mob,  robbers  and  murderers.'  On  the 
5th  of  August,  1861,  the  brave  boys  of  New  Hamp- 
shire's First  Regiment  returned  to  Concord  on  the 
expiration  of  their  term  of  enlistment,  and  remained 
there  a  few  days  till  they  could  be  paid  off.  The  char- 
acter of  the  '  Democratic  Standard'  was  known  to  them  ; 
and  on  Thursday,  August  8,  copies  of  its  recent  issues 
fell  into  their  hands,  the  contents  of  which  naturally 
angered  them.  Some  of  them  called  at  the  office  of 
the  newspaper  and  had  a  conversation  with  the  Palmers, 
five  of  whom  —  a  father  and  four  sons  —  had  to  do  with 
the  publication.  They  were  told  that  Mr.  Burke  was 
responsible,  and  were  treated  with  some  incivility. 
The  soldiers  were  far  from  satisfied. 

About  four  p.  m.  some  threatening  demonstrations 
were  made  about  the  office,  which  the  Palmers  indis- 
creetly met  by  brandishing  arms  and  abusive  epithets. 
A  ball  from  a  gun  discharged  by  them  penetrated  the 
floor,  endangering  the  life  of  a  seamstress  at  work  in 
a  tailor's  shop  below.  The  city  marshal,  policemen, 


174  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

peaceable  citizens  and  soldiers  were  in  the  passage-way 
leading  to  the  office.  The  marshal  notified  the  Palmers 
that  if  they  would  put  away  their  arms  and  give  him 
the  possession  of  the  office,  he  would  save  their  prop- 
erty from  destruction.  They  refused  to  do  so.  A 
revolver  was  fired  through  a  broken  panel  of  the  door 
into  the  crowd  in  the  passage-way.  Three  of  the  five 
shots  took  effect;  two  soldiers  were  wounded  —  one 
being  shot  through  the  arm,  and  the  other  in  the  hand 
—  while  a  lad,  fifteen  years  of  age,  who  had  been 
employed  as  an  attendant  of  one  of  the  Captains  of  the 
First  Regiment,  had  his  low-crowned  hat  penetrated  by 
a  bullet,  and  narrowly  escaped  death. 

The  cry  now  ran  along  through  the  crowd  in  the 
street  that  these  men  were  shot.  No  police  force  could 
restrain  or  withstand  the  excitement  of  the  soldiers. 
The  windows  of  the  office  were  soon  all  smashed  out 
by  stones  and  brickbats.  The  Palmers,  in  the  utmost 
fright,  fled  for  refuge  to  another  part  of  the  building. 
The  office  was  entered  and  a  clean  sweep  of  type,  cases 
and  materials  of  all  kinds,  was  made. 

Meanwhile,  the  sign  had  been  pulled  down  and  a 
bonfire  made  of  it  in  the  street.  The  fire  was  kept 
burning  for  some  time  by  various  other  combustibles 
obtained  from  the  'gutted'  office.  The  soldiers  who 
took  part  in  this  demonstration  were  scrupulously  care- 
ful not  to  injure  any  property  except  that  of  the  persons 
engaged  in  the  publication  of  the  objectionable  sheet. 
Compensation  for  injury  accidently  done  to  property  of 
other  persons  in  the  same  building  was  promptly  offered. 


F/RS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE .  175 

Indeed,,  it  is  probable  that  the  excitement  would  have 
been  allayed  with  very  little,  if  any,  destruction  of 
property,  had  not  the  Palmers  fired  upon  the  crowd. 

Those  who  were  excited  by  those  unlucky  shots  to 
make  a  *  clean  sweep,'  a  'complete  gutting'  would, 
probably,  otherwise  have  contented  themselves  with 
frightening  the  proprietors  of  the  '  Standard '  into  better 
behavior,  without  resorting  to  such  extreme  measures. 
The  five  Palmers  were  finally,  early  in  the  evening, 
discovered  in  their  retreat,  and  brought  out.  By  the 
strenuous  efforts  of  the  police,  and  others,  they  were 
got  through  the  excited  crowd  with  a  few  slight  bruises, 
and  were  lodged  for  safe  keeping  in  the  State  prison, 
where  they  remained  some  days." 

The  casualties  of  the  regiment  were  as  follows : 
Discharged  before  leaving  the  State,  3 

Discharged  by  reason  of  disability,  13 

Discharged  by  Court  Martial,  2 

Deaths  from  different  causes,  4 

Captured  by  the  enemy,  5 

Transferred  to  2d  N.  H.  Regiment,  i 

Deserted,  7 

Total,  35 

The  Staff  Officers  of  the  First  Regiment—''  present 
company  excepted" — deserve  unqualified  approbation 
as  gentlemen  and  soldiers.  To  make  any  distinction 
would  be  invidious. 

They  were  all  men  of  brains,  of  education  and  cul- 
ture. Their  uniform  kindness  to  the  men  and  solicitude 


1 76  FIR S T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

for  their  comfort  have  ever  been  remembered  by  the 
latter  with  gratitude. 

Although,  with  the  exception  of  Lieut. -Col.  Whipple 
and  Adjutant  Fellows,  they  had  comparatively  neither 
military  experience  nor  education,  they  readily  accom- 
modated themselves  to  the  duties  of  their  new  and  un- 
tried positions  and  served  with  great  credit  to  them- 
selves, and  with  honor  to  the  State,  and  were  worthy  of 
the  civil  and  military  honors  conferred  upon  them  after 
the  regiment  was  disbanded.  Their  military  record 
may  be  found  in  the  tables  at  the  close  of  this  volume. 

The  subordinate  officers  of  the  regiment  deserve 
equal  commendation  in  the  sphere  in  which  they  acted. 
What  they  lacked  in  military  experience  was  speedily 
supplied  by  careful  study  of  military  tactics  and  the 
exercise  of  good  common  sense,  which  crowned  their 
work  with  success,  and  won  for  them  the  confidence, 
respect  and  affection  of  the  men  under  their  command. 

So  well  officered  was  the  regiment  in  every  depart- 
ment, and  so  harmonious  were  their  relations  with  each 
other  and  with  the  men,  that  there  was,  during  the  entire 
campaign,  no  friction  that  is  worthy  of  mention. 

It  has  been  more  than  intimated  already  that  no  regi- 
ment in  the  command  conducted  itself  with  more  pro- 
priety than  did  the  New  Hampshire  First,  nor  gave  less 
occasion  for  complaint  and  discipline. 

It  was  composed,  as  a  whole,  of  as  noble  a  set  of  men 
as  ever  bore  arms,  who  enlisted  to  serve  their  country 
and  not  to  enjoy  a  holiday,  and  they  deserve  as  large  a 
share  of  the  grateful  appreciation  of  the  people  as  do 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  177 

their  military  superiors — the  officers.  The  history-  of 
the  First  Regiment  as  an  organization  is  soon  told  and 
was  comparatively  uneventful.  Its  records  can  tell  of 
no  engagements  with  the  enemy,  except  the  few  shots 
exchanged  across  the  river  at  Conrad  Ferry,  which 
was  little  more  than  a  holiday  diversion. 

True,  its  marches  were  severe  for  uninitiated  troops, 
though  trifling  compared  with  subsequent  experiences 
of  the  kind.  But  the  regiment  did  an  immense  amount 
of  guard  and  picket  duty.  For  many  days  and  nights 
together  the  picket  lines  would  cover  the  distance  of 
twenty  or  twenty-five  miles,  so  perfectly  arranged  that 
the  firing  of  a  signal  gun  would  be  instantly  followed 
by  a  score  of  reports  and  the  alarm  of  the  camp.  The 
actual  results  of  such  service  may  never  be  known :  but 
it  is  certain  that  it  often  accomplishes,  unobserved,  as 
great  results  as  do  sanguine  engagements  upon  the  field 
of  battle. 

While,  however,  little  may  be  said  of  the  regiment  as 
an  organization,  the  service  of  its  individual  members 
enters  into  the  history  of  all  the  subsequent  military 
organizations  of  New  Hampshire,  and,  to  a  limited  ex- 
tent, into  Maine,  Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts  and 
Vermont,  and  even  New  York  Regiments.  Every 
regiment  and  probably  every  other  branch  of  the  ser- 
vice in  New  Hampshire,  except  the  Seventeenth  which 
did  not  go  to  the  front,  although  most  of  them  were  in- 
corporated into  other  regiments  as  recruits,  contained 
more  or  less  members  of  the  First;  and,  as  may  be  seen 
by  the  tables  at  the  close  of  this  volume,  many  of  them 


1 78  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

rose  to  deserved  distinction,  many  of  them  returned 
cripples  and  many  found  a  soldier's  grave.  If  New 
England  is  found  in  all  the  States  and  Territories,  the 
New  Hampshire  First  spread  into  all  branches  of  the 
service  and  contributed  its  full  share  to  the  great  strug- 
gle which  found  its  consummation  at  Appomattox. 

Much  has  been  said  about  the  corrupting  influences 
of  war  upon  the  character  of  soldiers,  but  it  is  doubtful 
if  facts  will  justify  such  a  sentiment  with  regard  to  the 
volunteer  soldiery  in  the  great  Rebellion.  Very  assur- 
ing evidence  is  not  wanting  that  the  soldiers  who  sur- 
vived the  conflict  and  returned  to  their  homes,  were,  as 
a  whole,  improved  in  all  the  elements  of  a  true  and 
useful  manhood — that  those  who  were  made  better  men 
by  their  experiences  outnumber  those  who  were  made 
worse.  A  distinction  should  be  made  between  a  hire- 
ling or  conscript  soldiery,  and  men  who,  moved  by 
patriotic  impulses,  temporarily  left  their  homes  and  their 
callings  to  defend  the  government  upon  the  perpetuity 
of  which  depended  the  security  of  all  their  interests. 
Discrimination  should  also  be  made  between  the  motives 
by  which  different  classes  of  men  were  actuated  when 
they  enlisted  in  the  late  war.  It  would  be  manifestly 
unfair  to  attribute  to  army  life  the  ruin  of  those  who 
were  dissipated  and  worthless  when  they  enlisted.  To 
such,  army  life  served  only  as  a  vent  for  corruptions 
which  had  previously  accumulated. 

But  even  of  this  class  many  returned  reformed  and 
have  made  useful  and  prosperous  citizens.  They  dis- 
covered by  their  new  surroundings,  that  there  was 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  179 

something  better  for  them  than  a  life  of  rowdyism  and 
vice  and  they  seized  the  opportunity  to  amend. 

There  was  another  large  class  of  men,  and  probably 
the  largest  element  in  the  Army,  who,  though  generally 
sober  a^nd  industrious,  had  never  aspired  to  a  position 
above  the  routine  of  a  local  business  or  the  duties  of  an 
employee  or_  day  laborer.  They  were  unconscious  of 
the  reserved  powers  they  possessed.  Nothing  in  their 
surroundings  had  served  to  call  these  powers  into 
action.  Ambition  they  had,  but  it  was  latent.  Nothing 
in  all  their  lives  had  occurred  to  arouse  it  to  action  un- 
til it  was  vitalized  by  the  call  of  the  country  and  the 
way  was  opened  before  them  for  honorable  distinction. 
It  was  like  a  revelation  to  them.  They  seized  the 
opportunity  and  returned  from  the  Army  to  the  civil 
walks  of  life  with  new  and  nobler  purposes  and  with 
enlarged  ideas  of  personal  capacity  and  of  life's  mis- 
sion. Thousands  of  such  men  who,  but  for  the  war, 
would  never  have  been  known  beyond  the  narrow  circle 
of  their  daily  toil  or  a  local  business,  have  since  filled 
or  are  now  filling  with  great  credit,  positions  of  trust, 
responsibility  and  honor. 

Of  this  class  the  country  is  proud  to  reckon  the 
"  Greatest  General  of  the  age" — U.  S.  Grant. 

But  his  well-merited  reputation  should  not  eclipse  the 
honor  equally  due  to  many  others  who  have,  with  as 
commendable  fidelity,  filled  the  lower  positions  to  which 
their  circumstances  and  abilities  have  assigned  them. 
The  elevating  influence  of  the  war  upon  this  class  of 
men  more  than  compensates  for  the  supposed  demorali- 


1 80  FIffS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

zation  of  those  who  enlisted  with,  at  best,  questionable 
morality  and  returned  unimproved.  It  is,  indeed,  one 
of  the  greatest  marvels  of  the  Rebellion — entirely 
unique  in  the  history  of  the  world's  wars — that  such  an 
immense  army  of  citizen  soldiers  should  quietly  disband 
and  return  to  the  peaceful  relations  of  life,  with  so  little 
interruption  of  the  industrial,  social  and  moral  order 
peculiar  to  American  civilization.  It  proves  beyond 
reasonable  doubt  that,  barring  all  motives  of  an  unwor- 
thy character,  the  great  mass  of  our  armies  were 
actuated  by  that  spirit  of  patriotism  which  tends  always 
to  improve  rather  than  degrade  what  is  noble  and  praise- 
worthy in  humanity. 


CHAPTER    VI. 
BY  W.  H.  D.  COCHRANE. 

THE    WAGON    TRAIN. 

The  first  regiment  of  volunteers,  to  go  to  the  front  in 
1861,  from  any  State,  fully  equipped  with  uniforms, 
arms,  accoutrements,  baggage,  hospital  and  supply 
train,  was  the  First  New  Hampshire. 

Some  of  the  States  had  earlier  sent  regiments,  armed 
and  uniformed  ;  others  had  sent  organizations  in  uniform 
but  unarmed ;  while  still  others,  notably  Minnesota, 
had  sent  simply  regiments  of  men,  without  uniforms  or 
equipments.  Our  regiment  was  completely  equipped 
in  all  the  details. 

Orders  for  arms,  uniforms,  and  camp  equipage  had 
been  placed  by  the  Executive  and  Council  immediately 
after  the  call  for  volunteers.  The  duty  of  procuring 
and  properly  distributing  the  outfit  devolved  upon  the 
Quartermaster's  Department.  On  the  3Oth  day  of  April 
Richard  N.  Batchelder,  a  prominent  business  man  of 
Manchester,  was  appointed  Regimental  Quartermaster 
and  immediately  entered  upon  his  duties  ;  Gov.  Good- 
win decided  to  supply  field  transportation  and  to  this 
Batchelder  applied  himself  with  his  characteristic  alac- 
rity. Horses  were  to  be  purchased,  harnesses  made  and 
wagons  built.  A  contract  for  fifteen  Army  wagons  and 


1 8 2  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

one  hospital  wagon  or  ambulance  was  placed  with  the 
well  known  stage-coach  builders,  Lewis  Downing  & 
Son  of  Concord.  He  then  selected  Charles  H.  Norton 
of  Concord,  Samuel  F.  Wright  of  Nashua,  Joseph  C. 
and  Asa  C.  Batchelder  of  Manchester  to  procure  horses. 
These  gentlemen, — all  now  dead,  except  Capt.  Wright, 
who  has  for  many  years  been  engaged  in  stable  busi- 
ness in  Chicago — were  skilled  horsemen,  thoroughly 
acquainted  with  the  business,  and  at  once  entered  upon 
their  work — Dr.  Norton  and  Capt.  Wright  in  their  respec- 
tive localities,  the  Messrs.  Batchelder  in  Northern  New 
Hampshire  and  Vermont.  Within  ten  days'  time  they 
had  purchased,  submitted  for  inspection  and  the  State  • 
had  accepted  seventy  young,  sound,  serviceable  horses, 
averaging. in  price  $125  each.  Dr.  Norton  put  in  26, 
A.  C.  Batchelder  10,  Capt.  Wright  9  and  J.  C.  Batch- 
elder  25.  The  contract  of  making  the  harnesses  was 
filled  by  the  late  James  R.  Hill,  founder  of  the  now 
celebrated  Concord  Harness  Company.  Canvass  for 
wagon  covers,  and  paulings  was  obtained  of  the  Amos- 
keag  Manufacturing  Company. 

So  well  and  thoroughly  and  expeditiously  was  this 
work  performed,  that  on  the  i4th  day  of  May — just  fif- 
teen days  after  his  appointment — Lieut.  Batchelder  re- 
ported to  Col.  Tappanthat  the  regiment  was  uniformed, 
armed,  equipped,  and  field  transportation  for  tents,  bag- 
gage and  supplies  was  ready. 

A  corps  of  experienced  horsemen  were  selected  as 
drivers  of  the  teams,  but  not  enrolled  as  enlisted  men ; 
yet,  as  they  rendered  valuable  and  valiant  service  in 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  183 

this  and  other  organizations  during  the  war,  their  names 
are  herewith  noted  as  follows  : — Wagon  Master,  Ather- 
ton  W.  Quint.  Assistant  Wagon  Master,  Henry  C. 
Phillips.  Drivers,  Frank  Breed,  Albert  G.  Chamber- 
lain, David  B.  Conroy,  Samuel  H.  Davidson,  Charles 
H.  Emerson,  George  H.  Emerson,  Oscar  Gage,  Horace 
Haselton,  John  H.  Jamison,  James  W.  Jones,  J.  Finley 
McDole,  Daniel  F.  Moulton,  James  Martin,  Charles 
Norton,  John  W.  Persons,  Lyman  A.  Roby,  Warren 
W.  Rider,  Henry  G.  Sherman,  and  John  G^.  A.  Swain. 
Most  of  these  young  men  were  from  Manchester,  Con- 
cord, Lebanon  and  vicinity,  who  had  been  accustomed 
to  teaming  or  staging  and  were  perfectly  at  home 
behind  a  four-in-hand. 

Breed,  Davidson,  McDole,  Norton  and  Swain  left  the 
train  at  Washington  on  the  pth  of  June  and  returned 
home.  Davidson  subsequently  enlisted  in  the  4th  N. 
H.  Vols.,  and  Norton  and  Swain  in  the  ist  N.  H.  Cav- 
alry. George  H.  Emerson  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Monocacy,  Maryland,  on  the  morning  of  July  4th,  and 
was  held  about  fifteen  months  ;  Chamberlain  and  Conroy 
joined  the  train  at  Washington  and  returned  there  when 
the  regiment  left  Harper's  Ferry  for  home  ;  the  others 
returned  to  Concord  and  were  discharged  with  the  reg- 
iment. 

Several  of  them  subsequently  enlisted  in  other  regi- 
ments. Phillips  and  Sherman  in  Vermont,  and  Haselton 
and  Moulton  in  New  Hampshire.  Gage,  Jamison, 
Martin  and  Roby  returned  to  the  front  and  served  as 
Wagon  or  Forage  Masters  with  the  trains  of  the  Armies 


1 84  FIR S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

in  the  field  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Martin  was  killed 
in  Texas.  Gage  died  in  Manchester  a  few  years  after 
the  war  from  disease  contracted  in  service.  Jamison 
engaged  in  business  in  Washington.  Roby  is  again  in 
Government  service,  being  now  U.  S.  Mail  Transfer 
Agent  at  Manchester. 

Wagon  Master  Quint  also  returned  and  served  con- 
tinuously as  Wagon  Master  and  Superintendent  of  trains 
in  the  field,  with  the  Second  Army  Corps,  and  Head- 
quarters' Army  of  the  Potomac  from  September,  1861, 
until  May,  1865,  when  he  returned  to  Manchester,  and 
engaged  in  business  and  filled  many  important  public 
positions.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1871 
and  1872  ;  Sergeant-at-Arms  of  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  1875  and  1876 ;  a  member  of  Gov.  Prescott's 
Staff  in  1877  and  1878 ;  a  Trustee  of  the  New 
England  Agricultural  Society,  and  Director  in  the 
New  Hampshire  Society,  and  Superintendent  of  its 
State  Fairs  a  number  of  years  ;  a  Director  in  the  Peo- 
ples'Savings  Bank,  Manchester,  and  a  large  owner  and 
manager  of  real  estate.  From  1881  to  1885  he  was 
again  in  Government  service  at  Washington,  as  Inspec- 
tor of  National  Cemeteries,  and  latterly  as  Assistant 
Doorkeeper  U.  S.  Senate.  He  died  at  Manchester, 
October  7,  1887,  at  which  time  the  Manchester  Mirror 
spoke  of  him  as  follows: — "Col.  Quint  possessed  a 
wide  field  of  acquaintance.  He  made  friends  easily  and 
did  not  allow  his  friendly  relations  to  die  out  from  in- 
difference on  his  part.  For  years  and  years  he  was  one 
of  the  best  known  men  at  our  State  Capital ;  everybody 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  185 

knew  '  Quint.'  His  geniality  and  sociability  attracted, 
and  his  zealous  espousal  of  every  cause  he  worked  for 
made  his  efforts  strongly  sought  after.  He  liked  a  busy 
life.  He  wanted  to  be  actively  engaged  in  something 
exciting  all  the  time." 

Col.  Quint  was  a  firm  and  life  long  friend  of  Colonels 
Tappan,  Whipple  and  Batchelder,  and  often  dwelt  en- 
thusiastically upon  his  experiences  with  them,  while  in 
the  Army.  It  was  to  this  same  Col.  Quint,  when  Aide- 
de-camp  to  Gov.  Prescott,  that  the  gallant  old  veteran 
Col.  Tom  Whipple  "arose  and  bowed  to  his  embellish- 
ments" and  no  man  liked  better  than  Col.  Q,.  to 
relate  the  incident.  He  was  an  ardent  friend  of  the 
veteran  soldiers,  his  long  service  with  them  having  made 
fond  attachments,  ajid,  although  never  mustered  in  to 
the  United  States  service  as  officer  or  private,  he  and 
most  of  his  drivers  in  the  three  months'  campaign  ren- 
dered four  years  of  faithful  duty  in  the  field,  during  the 
Rebellion  War. 

Some  writer  has  stated  that  the  First  had  an  outfit  of 
twenty-four  army  wagons  when  leaving  the  State.  This 
is  an  error,  (there  were  but  fifteen,  and  one  4~horse 
ambulance)  and  undoubtedly  arose  from  the  fact  that 
when  Gen.  Stone's  Brigade  marched  from  Washington 
to  the  Upper  Potomac,  a  part  of  the  Brigade  supply 
train  was  attached  to  each  regiment.  Eight  were  so 
attached  to  the  First.  They  were  the  regulation  six 
mule  Army  teams,  driven  by  "Jerk"  line,  the  driver 
seated  in  saddle  upon  the  "  nigh  "  wheel  mule,  with  his 
black  snake  whip  trailing  from  his  wrist.  This  was  in 


1 86  FIRS T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

striking  contrast  with  the  New  Hampshire  drivers,  who 
were  mounted  upon  a  driver's  seat,  with  a  foot  board, 
from  which  to  display  their  "  red-topped "  boot  legs, 
driving  with  four  reins  and  a  fancy  whip  adorned  with 
brass  and  ivory  ferrules,  and  afforded  much  merriment 
to  the  officers  and  men  of  this  entire  command.  The 
New  Hampshire  boys,  however,  clung  to  their  style  of- 
driving  throughout  the  campaign. 

When  at  Harper's  Ferry,  the  orders  came  to  return 
home  for  discharge,  the  transportation  was  all  trans- 
ferred to  the  United  States  Quartermaster;  the  drivers' 
boxes  were  removed  from  the  wagons,  the  four  reins 
gave  place  to  the  jerk-line  and  jockey-stick,  and  the 
train  of  the  First  New  Hampshire  became  a  part  of  the 
vast  transportation  of  the  Army.  Each  driver,  how- 
ever, retained  his  whip,  the  stock  profusely  adorned 
with  ferrules  and  ribbons,  which  he  bore  as  proudly 
home  as  did  any  man  his  musket. 

A  number  of  enlisted  men,  who  tented  and  messed 
with  the  Wagon  Train,  were  detailed  from  the  ranks 
and  served  on  detached  duty,  as  clerks,  orderlies,  and 
medical  cadets,  at  regimental  headquarters,  most  of 
whom  re-entered  the  service.  They  were  Charles  L. 
Brown  of  Manchester,  mustered  in  Co.  G,  William  H. 
D.  Cochrane  of  Manchester,  mustered  in  Co.  H,  Chas. 
Lee  Douglass  of  Hanover,  mustered  in  Co.  A,  Ben- 

• 

jamin  F.  Eaton  of  Hanover,  mustered  in  Co.  I,  Sylves- 
ter D.  Howe  of  Holderness,  mustered  in  Co.  G,  Rich- 
ard Knapp  of  Charlestown,  mustered  in  Co.  I,  Arthur 
Sidney  Nesmith  of  Franklin,  mustered  in  Co.  G,  Otis 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  187 

C.  Wyatt  of  Sanbornton,  mustered  in  Co.  G.  Brown 
was  a  clerk  in  the  Adjutant's  office,  and  upon  his  dis- 
charge he  was  appointed  Sergeant-Major  of  the  Fourth 
Regiment,  promoted  to  2d  Lieutenant  in  August,  1862, 
and  died  in  service  June  3d,  1863.  He  was  a  son  of 
the  late  Dr.  William  W.  Brown  of  Manchester,  the 
Surgeon  of  the.  Seventh  Regiment,  and  although  he 
was  but  a  youth  from  school  when  he  enlisted  in  the 
First,  he  was  at  the  time  of  his  death  one  of  the  most 
promising  young  officers  in  the  service. 

Cochrane  was  also  a  clerk  and  the  general  orderly  at 
headquarters  ;  he  also  re-enlisted  in  the  Fourth,  but  was 
not  mustered  in. 

Coggin  was  clerk  in  the  Quartermaster's  office ;  after 
his  return  he  enlisted  in  the  Navy,  received  the  rank  of 
Warrant  officer  and  served  throughout  the  War ;  he  is 
now  engaged  in  mining  business  in  Michigan. 

Nesmith  was  also  in  the  Quartermaster  Department. 
He  was  in  fact  the  Commissary  Sergeant  of  the  regi- 
ment, although  mustered  as  private,  and  had  charge  of 
issuing  the  rations.  "Sid,"  as  he  was  familiarly 
called,  was  the  most  quiet,  unassuming  man  about 
headquarters,  respectful  and  courteous  to  all ;  so  faith- 
fully and  well  did  he  devote  himself  to  his  duties,  that 
on  the  loth  of  August,  the  day  following  his  discharge, 
he  was  commissioned  Quartermaster  of  the  Third  Reg- 
iment, with  which  he  returned  to  the  front  and  served 
until  November  15,  1862,  when  he  was  promoted  to  Cap- 
tain Assistant  Quartermaster  of  Volunteers,  in  which  ca- 
pacity he  served  until  he  died  at  Franklin,  Aug.  18,  1877. 


1 88  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

Eaton  was  the  Hospital  Steward  of  the  regiment, 
although  like  Nesmith,  he  was  enrolled  as  private,  and 
had  charge  of  the  medical  supplies ;  he  was  a  big  noble 
hearted  fellow,  always  ready  with  a  cheery  word  and 
happy  smile  to  deal  out  the  Surgeon's  prescriptions.  He 
also  returned  at  once,  having  been  appointed  Assistant 
Surgeon  of  the  Third  Regiment,  on  the  22d  of  August, 
with  which  he  served  until  October,  1862,  when  he  re- 
signed on  account  of  ill  health,  and  returned  to  the 
practise  of  his  profession.  He  died  at  Hartland,  Vt., 
March  i,  1882. 

Wyatt  was  Eaton's  Assistant  and  had  general  charge 
of  the  ambulance ;  the  Adjutant  General's  report  of 
1865,  reports  him  as  'a  musician,  presumably  because 
he  made  "  music  "for  any  fellow  who  shammed  sickness 
at  Surgeon's  call,  or  feigned  lameness  on  the  march  in 
order  to  secure  a  ride  in  the  ambulance.  He  at  once 
re-enlisted  in  Troop  I,  First  New  England,  afterwards 
First  New  Hampshire  Cavalry,  with  which  he  served 
continuously  until  close  of  the  War,  participating  in  all 
its  battles  and  engagements,  returning  in  command  of 
his  troop,  having  been  successively  promoted  Sergeant, 
Lieutenant,  Captain  and  Brevet  Major.  He  now  resides 
at  Tilton,  where  he  is  Postmaster,  and  is  prominent  in 
Veteran  and  Grand  Army  circles,  being  a  Past  Depart- 
ment Commander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  State. 

Howe  and  Knapp  were  the  faithful  and  reliable  hos- 
pital attendants,  or  what  were  termed  in  later  regi- 
ments, Medical  Cadets.  Howe  re-enlisted  in  Co.  E, 
Fourth  Regiment,  was  discharged  therefrom  on  account 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  189 

of  sickness  in  January,  1862,  again  re-enlisted  in  Co. 
E,  Twelfth  Regiment,  and  served  until  December  when 
he  was  transferred  to  V.  R.  Corps.  He  now  resides  in 
Ashland.  Knapp  died  in  Vermont  in  1887.  Douglass 
was  a  young  boy  from  Hanover  who  followed  the  regi- 
ment to  Washington,  where  at  the  request  of  Surgeon 
Crosby  he  was  mustered  in  to  Company  G,  and  detailed 
with  the  Ambulance  Corps. 

The  six  spare  horses  with  which  the  regiment  started 
being  found  insufficient,  two  more  were  obtained  from 
the  Quartermaster's  Department  in  Washington,  making 
with  the  field  officers'  private  horses,  a  total  of  eighty- 
four  horses.  William  Campbell  of  Manchester,  known 
as  "  The  Clipper,"  who  went  out  in  charge  of  Col.  Tap- 
pan's  horses,  was  made  the  acting  Veterinary  Surgeon 
of  the  regiment. 

The  non-commissioned  Staff  were  also  a  part  of  the 
headquarters'  contingent,  who  ranked  between  the 
officers  of  the  field  and  Staff  and  the  boys  of  the  wagon 
train.  They  were  a  quartet  of  "  Majors."  The  veteran 
Drum-Major,  William  Carr,  of  Concord,  sixty  years  of 
age,  who  marshalled  his  field  music  with  all  the  pomp 
and  precision  of  muster  day  on  Cork  Plains,  away  back 
in  the  "  thirties,"  returned  to  Washington,  entered  the 
government  service,  and  commanded  a  company  of 
District  of  Columbia  guards  during  the  threatened 
invasion  by  the  Confederate  army  in  1864.  He  died  in 
Concord,  April  3,  1876. 

There  was  also  Fife-Major  Francis  H.  Pike,  of  Man- 
chester, "  Saxie,"  whom  everybody  knows,  who  could 


1 90  FIRST  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

handle  a  baton  more  gracefully,  throw  it  higher  and 
twirl  it  faster  than  any  man  that  ever  led  a  band  across 
the  Potomac.  His  appearance  at  the  head  of  the  regi- 
ment in  Broadway,  and  when  proudly  leading  it  up 
Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  through  the  White  House 
grounds  to  be  reviewed  by  President  Lincoln,  are  mem- 
orable events.  He  was  appointed  principal  musician 
of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  September  18,  1861  ;  serving 
as  such  until  regimental  bands  were  abolished,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1863  ;  was  then  appointed  to  the  same  position 
with  the  brigade  band  in  Tenth  Army  Corps,  and  con- 
tinued in  service  until  the  termination  of  hostilities. 
He  now  resides  in  Manchester,  and  today  dons  the 
bearskin  and  baton,  and  marshals  the  band  of  the 
First  Regiment  New  Hampshire  National  Guard  as 
proudly  and  as  promptly  as  in  days  of  yore. 

Sergt.-Maj.  George  Y.  Sawyer,  Jr.,  and  Quarter- 
master-Sergt.  Albert  Lull ;  both  were  from  Nashua  ;  the 
former  a  lawyer,  the  latter  a  dentist,  where  they  now 
reside,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  their  professions. 

It  is  barely  possible  that  there  were  one  or  two  others 
temporarily  connected  with  regimental  headquarters. 
The  writer  has  endeavored  to  please  them  all  —  a  no 
small  task  after  a  lapse  of  twenty-eight  years,  and  no 
records  to  refer  to. 

Several  civilians  accompanied  the  regiment  to  Wash- 
ington, among  whom  the  writer  remembers  Hon.  Walter 
Aiken,  of  Franklin,  and  Capt.  Jesse  F.  Angell,  of  the 
Mexican  War,  afterward  Major  of  the  Tenth  New 
Hampshire  Volunteers. 


CHAPTER    VII. 
BY  HON.  MARTIN  A.  HAYNES. 

THE    EMINENT    SONS    OF    NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    THE 
REBELLION. 

The  traveller  in  our  State,  whichever  way  he  may 
journey,  will  at  almost  every  point  of  observation  have 
his  attention  directed  to  the  spot  which  local  pride 
cherishes  as1  the  birthplace  of  some  man  distinguished 
in  the  history  of  the  country.  A  recent  newspaper 
paragraph  recited  a  long  list  of  famous  men  born 
within  forty  miles  of  the  State  House  at  Concord ;  and 
quite  as  remarkable  as  the  fruitfulness,  thus  indicated, 
of  this  little  territory  in  great  men,  is  the  fact  that 
hardly  one  in  the,  list  achieved  distinction  as  a  citizen 
of  his  native  State.  Almost  without  exception  they 
belong  to  that  great  guild  of  absent  sons  so  aptly 
termed  by  Horace  Greeley  "the  outer  New  Hamp- 
shire." 

In  the  earlier  periods  of  our  national  history  New 
Hampshire's  mighty  men  wrought  in  her  name  as  New 
Hampshire  men,  but  in  the  later  times  more  of  her  sons 
have  won  national  distinction  as  citizens  of  other  States 
than  of  our  own.  They  have  gone  out  from  their  early 
homes  conquering  and  to  conquer.  They  are  the  busy 
bees  in  all  the  hives  of  commercial  and  industrial 


192  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

activity.  They  are  conspicuous  in  State  Legislatures, 
in  Congress,  and  in  all  departments  of  government. 
And  when  the  call  has  been  "To  arms  !"  the  blood  of 
generations  of  soldiers  coursing  in  their  veins  has  never 
failed  to  assert  itself.  This  paper  will  be  mainly  de- 
voted to  a  review  of  the  noteworthy  record  of  this  class 
in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

The  series  of  regimental  histories  now  in  preparation 
under  the  limited  patronage  of  the  State  will  preserve 
the  story  of  New  Hampshire's  distinctive  share  in  4he 
military  achievements  of  the  War.  She  sent  one  out  of 
every  ten  in  her  entire  population  to  fight  the  battles  of 
the  Union,  and  the  record  of  her  fighting  regiments  is 
brilliant  in  the  extreme.  The  First  Regiment  alone,  of 
her  infantry,  was  not  called  to  face  the  enemy  in  battle  ; 
but  besides  its  value  as  an  emergency  regiment  at  the 
front,  it  served  a  most  important  purpose  as  a  military 
training  school,  and  a  large  proportion  of  its  members 
were  subsequently  identified  with  other  organizations. 
Its  written  history  may  properly  include  many  matters 
which  in  other  regimental  histories  would  be  intrusive ; 
and  among  these  is  the  record  of  those  eminent  sons  of 
New  Hampshire  whose  services,  whether  civic  or  mili- 
tary, were  outside  her  own  State  organizations. 

At  Concord  bridge  the  minute-men  of  Massachusetts 
"fired  the  shot  heard  'round  the  world,"  and  the  min- 
ute-men of  New  Hampshire  rushed  to  their  support 
almost  before  the  battle-smoke  of  Lexington  was  dissi- 
pated in  the  air.  Henry  Dearborn  led  sixty  young 
New  Hampshire  giants  from  Hampton  to  Cambridge — 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  193 

a  distance  of  fifty-five  miles — in  less  than  twenty-four 
hours.  It  was  of  such  men  as  these  that  New  Hamp- 
shire sent  "two  regiments,  and  more,  to  Bunker  Hill, 
where  a  Nineteenth  Century  lie  in  appropriate  brass 
today  denies  them  any  recognition.  On  the  eighty-fifth 
anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  Massachusetts 
minute-men  were  once  more  in  the  heat  of  conflict, 
fighting  their  way  through  the  streets  of  Baltimore  ;  and 
it  is  the  proud  boast  of  our  sister  commonwealth  that 
she  there  gave  the  first  martyr  to  the  cause  of  the  Un- 
ion. That  martyr  was  a  New  Hampshire  boy  in  a 
Massachusetts  uniform.  His  name  was 

LUTHER    CRAWFORD    LADD, 

and  he  was  born  in  our  town  of  Alexandria  on  the  22d 
day  of  December,  1843.  Fifteen  years  of  his  life  had 
been  spent  at  the  paternal  home  in  the  uneventful  round 
of  a  farmer  boy  ;  one  year  as  an  apprentice  in  a  Lowell 
machine  shop.  As  a  member  of  the  Lowell  City 
Guard  he  marched  with  the  Sixth  Regiment  to  the 
relief  of  the  national  Capital.  In  the  attack  by  the  Bal- 
timore mob  he  early  received  a  mortal  wound  on  the 
head.  Stunned  by  the  blow,  but  still  moving  onward, 
a  ball  passed  through  his  thigh,  severing  an  artery. 
Then  casting  a  farewell  look  at  the  flag  that  waved  over 
him,  and  fainting  from  loss  of  blood,  he  fell,  exclaiming 
with  his  dying  breath,  "All  hail  to  the  Stars  and 
Stripes  !"  All  history  may  be  challenged  for  the  record 
of  a  more  heroic  death  than  that  of  this  New  Hamp- 
shire lad,  who  led  in  the  way  which  more  than  a  quar- 
ter of  a  million  of  loyal  men  were  to  tread,  before  the 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


LUTHER  CRAWFORD  LADD. 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  195 

Old  Flag  should  float  again  unchallenged  and  trium- 
phant. One  moment  simply  a  private  soldier,  his  name 
perhaps  unknown  even  to  those  with  whom  he  touched 
elbows  on  either  side,  the  next  his  fame  was  immortal ; 
and  New  Hampshire  will  not  soon  forget  that  of  her 
own  sons  she  gave  the  first  martyr  to  the  cause  of  the 
Union.  ^. 

On  the  same  occasion  Addison  O.  Whitney,  01 
Maine,  was  killed,  and  Sumner  H.  Needham  was  mor- 
tally wounded.  Immediately  on  the  arrival  of  the  news 
at  Boston,  Governor  Andrews  sent  the  following  tele- 
gram to  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  2  "I  pray  you  to  cause 
the  bodies  of  our  Massachusetts  soldiers,  dead  in  Balti- 
more, to  be  immediately  laid  out  and  preserved  in  ice, 
and  tenderly  sent  forward  to  me.  All  the  expenses  will 
be  paid  by  this  Commonwealth."  The  Mayor  of  Bal- 
timore acquiesced  in  this  request,  assuring  the  Governor 
that  the  dead  should  be  tenderly  cared  for,  and  claimed 
the  right  of  Baltimore  to  meet  all  necessary  expenses. 
He  reminded  the  Governor  that  the  soldiers  were  con- 
sidered as  "invaders  of  the  soil  of  Maryland."  The 
Governor  thanked  the  Mayor  for  his  kindness  to  the 
dead,  and  added:  "I  am  overwhelmed  with  surprise 
that  a  peaceful  march  of  American  citizens  on  the  high- 
way to  the  defence  of  our  common  Capital  should  be 
deemed  aggressive  to  Baltimore.  Through  New  York 
the  march  was  triumphal." 

On  the  arrival  of  the  bodies  at  Lowell,  solemn  and 
appropriate  funeral  services  were  held  at  Huntington 
Hall,  in  which  nearly  or  quite  all  the  clergymen  of  the 


196 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


THE  LADD  MONUMENT. 


FIR S T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  1 97 

city  joined.  Immense  crowds  were  in  attendance,  and 
a  procession  not  less  than  a  mile  in  length,  followed  the 
remains  to  the  tomb  where  the  bodies  of  La^ld  and 
Whitney  were  deposited.  The  following  day  the  body 
of  Ladd  was  taken  to  .Alexandria,  N.  H.,  for  burial, 
and  afterwards,  by  the  consent  of  the  friends,  was 
returned  to  Lowell  and  buried  in  the  enclosure  where 
stands  the  beautiful  monument  erected  to  the  memory 
of  the  first  dead  of  the  great  Rebellion.  The  body  of 
Mr.  Needham,  who  died  a  few  days  after  he  was 
wounded,  was  taken  to  Lawrence  for  burial. 

GEN.  JOHN    G.  FOSTER. 

From  a  purely  military  standpoint,  the  most  accom- 
plished soldier  from  New  Hampshire  was  unquestion- 
ably Gen.  John  Gray  Foster.  He  was  born  in  White- 
field,  May  27,  1823,  and  graduated  from  West  Point 
in  1846.  Participating  in  Gen.  Scott's  campaign  in 
Mexico,  he  was  severely  wounded  at  Molino  del  Rey, 
and  brevetted  Captain  for  gallantry.  His  full  captaincy 
came  in  1860,  when,  as  an  engineer  officer,  he  was  sent 
to  Charleston  harbor  to  repair  and  complete  the  forts 
there.  So  it  came  that  during  the  momentous  events 
which  there  ushered  in  the  great  Rebellion,  he  was 
Maj.  Anderson's  senior  subordinate.  In  August,  1861, 
he  was  commissioned  Brigadier-General  of  volunteers, 
and  commanded  one  of  Burnside's  brigades  in  the 
Roanoke  expedition.  In  this  campaign  he  distinguished 
himself  by  conspicuous  ability  and  gallantry,  was  pro- 
moted to  be  a  Major-General  of  volunteers,  and  placed 
in  command  of  the  department.  He  retained  this 


1 9»  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

command  until  October,  1863,  when  he  was  sent  to 
East  Tennessee  to  succeed  Burnside.  The  following 
year  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  department  of 
the  South,  and  in  1865  of  the  department  of  Florida. 
In  1866  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service 
and  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  engineers  in 
the  regular  army. 

He  died  in  Nashua,  September  2,  1874,  an^  of  him 
it  has  been  truly  said  :  "  From  boyhood  he  had  been  a 
soldier,  and  in  whatever  position  he  had  been  placed, 
whether  as  a  subaltern  in  Mexico,  an  instructor  at  West 
Point,  a  Major-General  in  the  civil  war,  or  an  officer 
high  in  rank  in  the  Engineer  Corps,  he  always  served 
his  country  with  his  whole  heart  and  performed  every 
duty  as  became  a  true,  loyal  soldier." 

GEN. JOHN    A.   DIX. 

John  Adams  Dix  was  a  native  of  Boscawen,  born  the 
24th  day  of  July,  1798.  In  1813  he  was  commissioned 
a  Third  Lieutenant  —  being  the  youngest  officer  in  the 
army  —  and  retained  his  connection  with  the  service 
until  1826,  when,  having  risen  to  the  grade  of  Captain, 
he  resigned.  In  January,  1861,  when  Cobb  resigned 
his  position  in  the  Cabinet,  Dix  was  called  by  President 
Buchanan  to  take  charge  of  the  treasury  department. 
It  was  at  once  apparent  that  supreme  loyalty  had  dis- 
placed unscrupulous  treachery.  Dix's  famous  order, 
"  If  any  man  attempts  to  haul  down  the  American  flag, 
shoot  him  on  the  spot !  "  became  the  watchword  of  loy- 
alists. When  the  traitor  Floyd  arrogantly  demanded 
the  return  of  Maj.  Anderson  from  Sumter  to  Moultrie, 


FIRST  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE.  1 99 

Dix  notified  the  President  that  a  compliance  with  the 
demand  would  be  the  signal  for  the  immediate  resigna- 
tion of  himself  and  other  loyal  members  of  the  Cabinet ; 
and  Floyd,  checkmated,  himself  left.  Lincoln  inaugu- 
rated, Dix  returned  to  New  York.  He  presided  at  the 
great  Union  Square  war  meeting  held  in  April  after  the 
attack  on  Sumter.  May  6  he  was  appointed  Major- 
General  of  volunteers,  and  June  16  to  the  same  rank  in 
the  regular  army.  He  was  at  once  placed  in  command 
of  the  department  of  Maryland,  and  performed  his 
duties  with  remarkable  tact  and  judgment.  In  May, 
1862,  he  was  transferred  to  the  department  of  Eastern 
Virginia,  with  headquarters  at  Fortress  Monroe  ;  and 
in  July,  1863,  to  the  department  of  the  East,  with  head- 
quarters at  New  York.  His  subsequent  assignments 
were  administrative.  Gen.  Dix's  services  were  of 
extraordinary  value  to  the  Union  cause.  Although  in 
command  of  important  departments,  he  was  not  called 
to  lead  troops  in  great  campaigns  and  bloody  battles  ; 
but  with  his  fine  administrative  abilities  and  ripe  judg- 
ment there  wras  never  a  flaw  or  a  mistake  in  the  per- 
formance of  the  difficult  duties  which  devolved  upon 
him.  His  anti-war  career  was  conspicuous  as  Minister 
to  France  and  as  Governor  of  New  York.  He  died  in 
New  York  on  the  2ist  of  April,  1879. 

GEN.    BENJAMIN    F.    BUTLER. 

New  Hampshire  furnished  the  complement  to  Gen. 
Dix  in  the  person  of  Gen.  Butler — the  man  who  hanged 
the  man  who  hauled  down  the  American  flag.  Butler 
— a  native  of  Deerfield,  where  he  was  born  Nov.  5, 


200  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

1818, — came  honestly  by  the  pugnacity  and  fertility  of 
genius  which  have  characterized  his  career.  His 
grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the  French  and  Indian  and 
Revolutionary  Wars,  and  his  father  a  captain  of  dra- 
goons in  the  War  of  1812.  Widowed  when  Benjamin 
was  but  an  infant,  his  mother  removed  to  Lowell  in 
1828.  He  gained  a  college  education,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  at  once  won  fame  in  his  profession,  became 
a  red-hot  politician,  joined  a  militia  company,  and  be- 
came a  militia  General.  He  supported  the  Breckin- 
ridge  and  Lane  ticket  in  1860 ;  but  when  it  became 
evident  that  the  Southern  leaders  meant  secession,  he 
parted  company  with  his  old  associates,  and  urged  upon 
Gov.  Andrew  the  necessity  of  preparing  the  Massachu- 
setts militia  for  the  impending  struggle.  When  Sumter 
fell,  and  the  call  was  made  on  Massachusetts  for  a 
brigade  to  come  to  the  relief  of  the  Capital,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  command  the  four  regiments  designated  for 
the  service.  His  movements  were  conducted  with 
celerity  and  judgment.  The  Sixth  Regiment  was  dis- 
patched at  once  by  rail,  and  met  a  bloody  reception  in 
Baltimore.  The  next  day  two  regiments  started  by 
boat  for  Fortress  Monroe,  while  Butler,  with  the 
Eighth,  followed  the  Sixth.  Upon  arriving  at  Philadel- 
phia he  heard  of  the  Baltimore  tragedy,  and  determined 
to  flank  the  riotous  city.  At  Havre-de-Grace  he  seized 
a  ferry-boat,  loaded  the  Eighth  upon  it,  and  steamed 
down  the  Chesapeake  to  Annapolis,  arriving  just  in 
season  to  save  the  old  frigate  "  Constitution"  from  cap- 
ture by  Rebels.  Disregarding  the  protests  of  both 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  2OI 

Governor  and  Mayor,  troops  were  landed  and  pushed 
on  to  the  relief  of  the  Capital.  Other  troops  arriving 
by  the  same  route,  the  Department  of  Annapolis  was 
established,  with  Butler  in  command.  Gen.  Scott  was 
formulating  a  grand  campaign  against  Baltimore,  which 
called  for  the  operation  of  12,000  men.  But  Butler, 
one  dark  night,  in  the  midst  of  a  tremendous  thunder 
shower,  marched  into  the  city  with  a  thousand  men, 
took  possession  of  Federal  Hill,  and  Baltimore  was  won 
without  the  firing  of  a  gun.  He  was  commissioned 

| 

Major-General  of  Volunteers,  and  his  headquarters  es- 
tablished at  Fortress  Monroe.  It  was  here  that,  with 
the  sharp  wit  of  the  trained  lawyer,  he  solved  the 
troublesome  question  as  to  the  status  of  slaves  of  Rebel 
masters  coming  into  the  Union  lines,  by  declaring  them 
"contraband  of  war."  In  August,  1861,  he  com- 
manded the  military  part  of  the  expedition  to  Hatteras 
Inlet.  The  Winter  of  1861-62  he  spent  in  preparations 
for  the  New  Orleans  expedition,  of  which  he  was  to 
command  the  land  forces.  New  Orleans  was  captured, 
and  for  six  months  he  administered  the  affairs  of  the 
city  with  an  iron  will  and  an  executive  force  as  refresh- 
ing to  loyalists  as  it  was  distasteful  to  the  wild  Seces- 
sionists of  that  city.  He  was  relieved  in  November, 
1862,  and  held  the  chief  military  command  in  New 
York  city  for  a  time  after  the  terrible  "draft  riots,"  but 
otherwise  was  without  command  until  the  Spring  of 
1864,  when  Grant  assigned  him  to  the  Army  of  the 
James,  which  operated  against  Richmond  by  way  of 
the  James  river,  while  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was 


2O2  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

pounding  its  bloody  way  down  through  the  Wilderness. 
His  last  military  service  was  rendered  as  commander  of 
the  land  forces  in  the  first  Fort  Fisher  expedition.  His 
failure  to  assault  the  fort  was  the  occasion  of  much  ad- 
verse criticism,  and  resulted  in  his  being  relieved  from 
further  military  command.  Gen.  Butler  was  a  unique 
figure  in  the  war,  and  his  record  was  one  of  brains, 
pluck,  nerve,  and  audacity. 

GEN.    FITZ-JOHN    PORTER. 

Fitz-John  Porter  is  a  member  of  the  family  of  fight- 
ing Porters.  His  father  was  a  Captain  in  the  U.  S. 
Navy,  and  Commodore  David  Porter  of  "Essex "re- 
nown was  his  uncle.  Fitz-John  was  born  in  Ports- 
mouth in  1822,  was  educated  in  part  at  Phillips  Exeter 
Academy,  graduated  from  West  Point  in  1845,  and  was 
with  Scott  in  Mexico,  being  wounded  at  the  Belin  Gate 
and  successively  brevetted  Captain  and  Major.  From 
1849  to  1855  he  was  on  duty  at  West  Point;  then  with 
Gen.  Johnston  as  chief  of  staff"  in  the  Utah  campaign. 
In  the  Fall  of  1860  he  was  at  army  headquarters  in 
New  York  city,  as  Assistant  Inspector-General,  and 
during  the  early  months  of  the  Secession  movement 
was  charged  with  several  delicate  and  important  mis- 
sions to  the  threatened  Atlantic  fortresses.  After  the 
opening  of  actual  hostilities  he  was  actively  employed 
in  organizing  Pennsylvania's  three-months'  volunteers, 
serving  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Patterson,  and  later  with 
Gen.  Banks.  He  was  promoted  to  be  Colonel  of  the 
Fifteenth  Infantry  and  Brigadier  General  of  Volunteers. 
During  the  Winter  of  1861-2  he  was  busy  at  Washing- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  203 

ton   in  the  work  of  army  organization  ;  and  when  Me- 

* 

Clellan  landed  on  the  Peninsular,  Porter  commanded  a 
division  in  Heintzelman's  corps.  After  the  fall  of  York- 
town  he  was  given  command  of  the  Fifth  Corps,  which 
had  a  distinguished  part  in  all  the  subsequent  opera- 
tions of  the  campaign.  In  front  of  Richmond  it  was 
upon  the  right  of  the  army,  on  the  North  bank  of  the 
Chickahominy.  Porter's  operations  in  the  vicinity  of 
Hanover  Court  House,  in  the  latter  part  of  May,  were 
designed  to  keep  that  flank  clear  for  the  anticipated  ap- 
proach of  McDowell,  and  were  successful  in  inflicting 
great  loss  upon  the  enemy.  June  2yth  Porter  was  at- 
tacked in  position  near  Gaines's  Mill  by  an  overwhelm- 
ing force  of  the  enemy.  Upon  our  side  the  battle  was 
one  of  the  best-fought  actions  of  the  war.  With  the 
assistance  of  some  timely  reinforcements  Porter  held 
his  position  until  night,  when,  by  direction  of  Gen.  Mc- 
Clellan,  he  crossed  to  the  South  side  of  the  Chicka- 
hominy. At  Malvern  Hill — the  last  of  the  Seven  Days' 
Battles — General  Porter  bore  the  brunt  of  Magruder's 
attack,  and  repulsed  assault  after  assault  with  frightful 
losses  to  the  enemy.  This  campaign  made  Porter  a 
Major-General  of  Volunteers  and  Brevet  Brigadier 
General  in  the  regular  army.  In  the  transfer  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  to  Northern  Virginia  Porter 
moved  his  corps  with  such  expedition  that  it  was  with 
Pope  in  the  ill-starred  Second  Bull  Run  campaign  ;  and 
in  the  subsequent  measures  for  the  protection  of  the 
Capital  he  was  put  in  command  of  the  defences  upon 
the  Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac.  McClellan  was 


204  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

re-instated  in  command  of  the  army,  and  Porter  joined 
him  at  the  head  of  his  old  corps,  increased  to  twenty 
thousand  men  by  the  addition  of  a  new  division.  This 
constituted  the  reserve  at  Antietam,  and  as  an  organiza- 
tion took  no  active  part  in  the  battle.  He  remained  in 
command  of  the  corps  until  November  I2th,  in  the 
meantime  fighting  with  it  the  successful  battle  of  Shep- 
herdstown.  On  the  date  given  he  was  relieved  of  his 
command,  and  on  the  25th  was  placed  under  arrest 
upon  charges  preferred  against  him  by  Gen.  Pope  of 
misconduct  in  the  Bull  Run  campaign.  This  was  the 
initial  act  in  a  controversy  which  for  nearly  twenty-five 
years  occupied  the  attention  of  the  country.  The 
writer  of  this  sketch  has  borne  his  part  as  a  champion 
of  Porters  cause,  giving  his  reasons  therefor  in  a  speech 
before  the  national  House  of  Representatives,  which 
there  is  not  room  here  even  to  epitomize.  A  court-mar- 
tial was  convened,  which  found  Gen.  Porter  guilty  of 
the  charges  preferred,  and  he  was  dismissed  the  service 
January  27,  1863.  Now  commenced  Porter's  long 
struggle  for  a  vindication  from  the  great  stigma  which 
had  been  cast  upon  him.  After  many  years — in  1878 — 
he  was  successful  in  securing  from  President  Hayes  an 
order  convening  a  board  of  officers  to  examine  and  re- 
port upon  the  case  in  connection  with  new  evidence 
which  had  become  available  since  the  trial.  The  board 
consisted  of  Gens.  Schofield,  Terry  and  Getty,  and 
their  report  was  a  most  thorough  and  absolute  vindica- 
tion of  Gen.  Porter.  Gen.  Grant,  after  re-examining 
the  evidence,  declared  himself  "convinced  beyond  all 


COL.  IRA  McL.  BARTON. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  205 

preconceived  notions"  of  the  injustice  of  Porter's  con- 
viction. From  this  time,  for  eight  years,  Congress  was 
pressed  for  the  only  legal  vindication  which  could  be 
given  ;  and  in  1886  it  came  in  the  passage  of  a  bill 
which  restored  Porter's  name  to  the  army  rolls  and 
placed  him  upon  the  retired  list.  At  this  writing  Gen. 
Porter  is  a  resident  of  New  York. 

GEN.   BENJAMIN    F.    KELLEY. 

The  first  Union  regiment  raised  south  of  Mason  and 
Dixon's  line  was  commanded  by  a  son  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  fought  the  first  battle  of  the  war,  won  the 
first  victory,  and  was  the  first  Union  officer  wounded 
in  action.  This  man  was  Benjamin  F.  Kelley,  who 
was  born  in  the  town  of  New  Hampton  in  1807.  He 
had  long  resided  in  Wheeling,  Va.,  and  had  commanded 
a  militia  regiment  there,  but  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
was  living  in  Philadelphia.  Called  to  command  the 
First  Virginia  Regiment  of  loyalists,  he  -hastened  to 
Wheeling  and  took  command  May  25th,  1861.  On  the 
3d  of  June,  after  a  night  march  of  twenty-six  miles,  he 
attacked  and  completely  routed  a  Rebel  force  at  Philippi. 
While  leading  his  men  in  the  charge  he  was  shot 
through  the  right  breast  and  lung.  The  wound  was 
supposed  to  be  mortal.  His  conduct  received  the  high- 
est praise  from  Gen.  McClellan,  who  telegraphed  from 
Cincinnati  :  "In  the  name  of  his  country  I  thank  him 
for  his  conduct,  which  has  been  the  most  brilliant 
episode  of  the  war,  thus  far."  He  was  commissioned 
as  Brigadier-General,  to  date  from  May  iyth,  and  was 
on  active  duty  until  the  close  of  the  war,  his  operations 


206  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

being  almost  exclusively  in  that  section  of  Virginia 
where  his  regiment  was  raised.  His  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  that  country  and  its  people  were  of  great  value 
to  the  national  cause. 

In  his  old  age  and  poverty  he  took  a  clerkship  in  the 
pension  office  at  Washington ;  but  in  1886  he  was 
granted  a  pension  of  one  hundred  dollars  a  month  by 
special  act  of  Congress.  In  the  discussion  in  the  House 
his  cause  was  championed  by  several  prominent  Repre- 
sentatives who  served  in  the  Rebel  ranks,  one  of  whom 
—  Wilson  of  West  Virginia  —  paid  him  this  high  com- 
pliment :  "  Those  who  fought  against  him  know  he  was 
skillful  and  prompt  and  courageous.  Those  who 
fought  against  him  testify  to  that ;  and  they  further 
testify  that  in  just  such  a  community  as  I  have  described, 
where  brother  was  arrayed  against  brother,  where  the 
horrors  of  war  were  aggravated  by  rapine,  by  plunder, 
and  by  oppression  which  other  communities  escaped, 
Gen.  Kelley  never  struck  a  foul  blow,  and  never  failed 
to  put  forth  his  arm  —  and  to  put  it  forth  vigorously  and 
promptly  —  for  the  protection  of  defenceless  non-com- 
batants." 

COL.   FLETCHER    WEBSTER. 

His  illustrious  parentage  and  the  tragedy  of  his  death 
have  given  the  name  of  Fletcher  Webster  a  place  in 
popular  estimation  not  often  accorded  mere  regimental 
commanders.  This  son  of  the  "  great  expounder"  was 
born  in  Portsmouth,  July  23,  1813.  He  graduated  from 
Harvard,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law-.  When 
his  illustrious  father  became  President  Harrison's  Sec- 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  2OJ 

retary  of  State,  Fletcher  Webster  removed  to  Washing- 
ton and  acted  as  his  father's  assistant.  He  was  secre- 
tary to  Commissioner  Gushing,  who  in  1844  negotiated 
the  first  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  China  ; 
and  was  Surveyor  of  the  port  of  Boston  under  Taylor, 
Pierce  and  Buchanan.  Although  intensely  Southern  in 
sentiment  during  the  political  excitements  of  the  anti- 
slavery  agitation,  yet  when  the  slave  holders  rose  in 
rebellion,  he  was  the  immediate  and  uncompromising 
advocate  of  military  coercion.  He  said:  "  He  whose 
name  I  bear  had  the  good  fortune  to  defend  the  Union 

O 

and  the  Constitution  in  the  forum.  That  I  cannot  do, 
but  I  am  ready  to  defend  them  in  the  field."  He  raised 
the  Twelfth  Massachusetts  Regiment  and  led  it  to  the 
field  early  in  1861.  At  the  disastrous  second  Bull  Run 
battle,  August  30,  1862,  he  was  shot  through  the  body 
and  left  to  die  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  His  body  is 
buried  near  his  father's  grave,  at  Marshfield. 

COL.  JESSE    A.   GOVE. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Weare  in 
1824,  and  was  educated  at  Norwich  University.  While 
pursuing  his  studies  there  he  was  appointed  a  Second 
Lieutenant  in  the  Ninth  Regiment  United  States  Army, 
raised  in  New  England  for  the  War  with  Mexico,  and 
accompanied  his  regiment  to  Puebla,  at  which  place  he 
was  left  in  the  hospital,  and  did  not  participate  in  the 
battles  in  the  valley  of  Mexico.  He  was  promoted  to 
First  Lieutenant  December  4th,  1847,  but  on  the  dis- 
bandmerit  of  the  regiment  in  1848,  was  thrown  out  of 
the  service.  He  made  his  home  in  Concord,  and  took 


208  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

much  interest  in  our  State  militia.  For  five  years  he 
was  Deputy  Secretary  of  State  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
in  1855  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce  a  Captain  of 
Dragoons,  and  was  stationed  for  a  time  in  Utah.  Octo- 
ber 30,  1861,  he  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the 
Twenty-Second  Massachusetts  Regiment,  raised  by 
Henry  Wilson,  and  fell  while  gallantly  leading  his 
command  at  the  battle  of  Games'  Mill,  Va.,  June  27, 
1862.  Col.  Gove's  selection  for  this  command  was  a 
high  tribute  to  his  reputation  as  an  accomplished  soldier, 
and  he  is  said  to  have  been  the  idol  of  the  men  at  whose 
head  he  laid  down  his  life.  A  fine  portrait  of  Col. 
Gove  appropriately  occupies  a  prominent  position  in  the 
State  Capitol  at  Concord. 

GEN.   GEORGE    THOM. 

This  distinguished  engineer  officer  is  a  native  of 
Derry,  a  son  of  Capt.  James  Thorn,  who  died  in  that 
town  in  1852.  He  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1839, 
and  was  appointed  Second  Lieutenant  of  Topographical 
Engineers.  He  was  with  Gen.  Pierce  as  aide-de-camp 
in  his  march  from  Vera  Cruz  to  Puebla,  in  1847,  and 
in  1849  was  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant.  In  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion  his  remarkable  abilities  as  an  engineer 
found  full  scope,  and  the  stupendous  system  of  defen- 
sive works  which  covered  and  protected  Washington 
was  in  a  large  degree  the  product  of  his  skill  and  genius. 
He  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General,  March  13,  1865. 
March  7,  1867,  he  was  appointed  Lieut. -Colonel  and 
Chief  of  Engineers,  and  is  now  retired  with  the  rank 
of  Colonel. 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  209 

CAPT.    JAMES    S.    THORNTON. 

New  Hampshire  furnished  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  officers  to  the  Navy  during  the  Rebellion,  several 
of  whom  won  fame  and  reputation.  One  of  these  bore 
a  family  name  of  historic  renown  in  this  State,  and  was, 
it  is  said,  the  last  descendant  of  Matthew  Thornton. 
James  Shepard-  Thornton  was  born  in  Merrimack,  on 
the  25th  day  of  February,  1826,  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Nashua,  and  January  I5th,  1841,  en- 
tered the  Navy  as  a  Midshipman.  In  the  Mexican  War 
he  served  upon  the  sloop  "John  Adams"  of  the  Gulf 
squadron,  and  became  Passed  Midshipman  in  1846. 
Although  he  resigned  from  the  Navy  May  9th,  1850,  he 
was  reinstated  in  1854,  an<^  within  a  year  was  promoted 
successively  to  be  Master  and  Lieutenant.  During  the 
early  months  of  the  Civil  War  he  served  on  the  brig 
"  Bainbridge,"  on  the  Atlantic  station,  and  in  Farragut's 
operations  on  the  Mississippi  was  Executive  Officer  of 
the  flagship  "Hartford."  For  his  part  in  the  engage- 
ments with  the  Rebel  forts  and  fleet  below  New  Orleans, 
with  the  ram  "Arkansas,"  and  with  the  Vicksburg  bat- 
teries, Thornton  was  given  great  credit.  July  i6th, 
1862,  he  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant  Commander,  and 
had  charge  of  the  steam  gunboat  "  Winona"  in  the  Mo- 
bile fight,  in  which  he  made  a  reconnaissance  of  Fort 
Gaines  in  sounding  approaches  under  fire,  and  destroyed 
several  Confederate  steamers.  But  it  is  as  the  Execu- 
tive Officer  of  the  "Kearsarge"  when  she  fought  and 
sank  the  '  *  Alabama ' '  that  Thornton  is  best  remembered. 
The  vessel's  coat  of  mail — made  by  hanging  the  sheet 


210  FIKS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

chains,  or  spare  anchor  cable,  over  the  side  so  as  to 
protect  the  midship  section — was  his  suggestion.  He 
had  seen  the  advantage  of  such  protection  at  New 
Orleans.  Winslow's  report  gave  Thornton  the  highest 
praise,  especially  commending  him  as  "an  example  of 
coolness  and  encouragement  of  the  men  while  fighting, 
which  contributed  much  to  the  success  of  the  action." 
Congress  gave  him  the  recognition  of  a  vote  of  thanks, 
and  he  was  advanced  thirty  numbers  in  his  grade  for 
his  gallantry  in  this  action. 

He  was  on  duty  at  the  Portsmouth  (N.  H.)  Navy 
Yard  in  1866-67  ;  July  25,  1866,  was  promoted  to  Com- 
mander, and  was  commissioned  Captain  May  24,  1872. 
He  died  at  Germantown,  Pa.,  May  14,  1875. 

CAPT.  GEORGE  HAMILTON  PERKINS 

was  born  at  Hopkinton,  October  20,  1836.  From  his 
graduation  at  Annapolis  in  1856  until  1861  he  saw 
much  active  service  in  various  quarters  of  the  globe, 
and  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  found  him  upon 
the  "  Sumter,"  on  the  African  station.  Returning  home 
in  July,  he  was  ordered  as  Executive  Officer  on  the 
"Cayuga,"  which,  early  in  1862,  joined  Farragut's 
fleet  in  the  Gulf.  In  the  passage  of  Forts  Jackson  and 
St.  Philip  the  "Cayuga"  led  the  line,  and  Perkins, 
standing  upon  the  extreme  bow  of  his  vessel  and  pilot- 
ing her  through  the  deadly  storm,  was  in  fact  the  first 
man  to  "pass  the  forts."  The  fleet  proceeded  on  to 
New  Orleans,  and  Perkins  accompanied  Capt.  Bailey 
to  the  Mayor's  office  to  demand  the  surrender  of  the 
city.  They  were  surrounded  all  the  way  by  a  turbu- 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  211 


lant,  insolent  and  bloodthirsty  mob  ;  and  the  distin- 
guished writer,  George  W.  Cable,  then  a  resident  of 
the  city,  characterizes  their  advance  as  the  bravest  deed 
he  ever  witnessed.  He  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant- 
Commander  in  December,  1863.  After  performing 
important  and  dangerous  service  in  transporting  powder 
to  Qen.  Banks  .at  Port  Hudson,  and  in  blockading  off 
the  coast  of  Texas,  late  in  May  he  was  relieved  from 
command,  with  leave  to  proceed  home  ;  but  on  arriving 
at  New  Orleans  he  found  the  preparations  going  on  for 
the  attack  on  Mobile,  and  volunteering  his  services, 
was  given  command  of  the  new  double-turret  monitor 
"Chickasaw."  On  that  fateful  fifth  of  August  he  won 
great  renown.  Capt.  Johnston,  of  the  Rebel  ironclad 
"Tennessee,"  said  of  the  "Chickasaw:"  "  If  it  had 
not  been  for  that  d  —  d  black  hulk  hanging  on  our  stern 
we  would  have  got  along  well  enough  ;  she  did  us  more 
damage  than  all  the  rest  of  the  Federal  fleet."  In  all 
the  subsequent  operations  which  led  to  our  control  of 
Mobile  Bay,  the  "Chickasaw"  bore  an  important  part. 
Perkins  is  now  a  Post  Captain,  and  makes  his  home  in 
Boston. 

CAPT.  GEORGE  E.  BELKNAP. 

Another  well  known  New  Hampshire  officer  is  Capt. 
George  E.  Belknap,  a  native  of  Newport,  where  he 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1832.  When  the  Civil  War  came  it 
found  him  equipped  with  the  training  of  seven  years  of 
active  service.  He  was  conspicuous  in  many  naval  en- 
gagements, and  won  merited  promotion.  Since  the 
war  he  has  also  achieved  distinction  by  his  scientific 


212  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

attainments.  His  special  service  on  the  "  Tuscarora  " 
in  making  deep  sea  soundings  across  the  Pacific,  from 
California  to  Japan,  attracted  the  profound  attention  of 
scientists  all  over  the  civilized  world,  and  as  a  recogni- 
tion of  merit  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  American 
Geographical  Society,  and  awarded  a  medal  by  the 
Geographical  Society  of  France. 

SALMON    P.   CHASE. 

No  less  conspicuous  than  in  military  and  naval  cir- 
cles was  the  record  of  those  sons  of  New  Hampshire 
who  found  their  field  of  action  in  the  civil  service. 
Three  successive  Secretaries  of  the  Treasury  in  the  war 
period — Dix,  Chase  and  Fessenden — were  of  this  class. 
Salmon  P.  Chase  was  born  at  Cornish  January  13, 
1808.  Left  fatherless  at  an  early  age,  he  received  ma- 
terial aid  in  his  education  from  a  distant  relative,  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Ohio,  and  graduated 
from  Dartmouth  in  1826.  Adopting  the  law  for  a  pro- 
fession, he  commenced  practice  ai  Cincinnati  in  1830. 
In  the  political  struggles  of  thirty  years  he  was  an 
aggressive  and  consistent  foe  of  slavery.  As  a  young 
lawyer  with  his  way  to  make  in  the  world,  he  defied  an 
overwhelming  public  sentiment  by  defending  fugitive 
slaves  and  those  accused  of  violating  the  slave  code. 
In  1849  he  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  Ohio 
as  an  anti-slavery  Democrat,  but  soon  broke  with  the 
party  on  the  paramount  question,  and  in  1855  was  elect- 
ed Governor  of  Ohio  by  the  opponents  of  the  Pierce 
administration.  In  1860,'  as  a  Republican,  he  was 
again  elected  Senator,  but  occupied  his  seat  only  two 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  213 

days,  when  he  resigned  to  become  Lincoln's  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury.  The  manner  in  which  he  met  the 
tremendous  responsibilities  of  the  position  will  ever 
give  him  rank  among  the  greatest  of  Cabinet  officers. 
Starting  with  a  bankrupt  treasury,  he  was  called  to  de- 
vise ways  and  means  to  meet  financial  demands  in  their 
magnitude  unparalleled  in  history.  New  methods  were 
indispensable,  and  the  giant  mind  of  Salmon  P.  Chase 
evolved  systems  which  brought  to  the  treasury  the 
almost  incalculable  sums  required  by  the  needs  of  the 
Government.  He  wrought  wonders  by  his  wisdom  and 
skill,  and  to  him  as  much  as  any  man — always  except- 
ing Abraham  Lincoln — is  due  the  ultimate  triumph  of 
the  Nation.  June  30,  1864,  he  resigned  his  secretary- 
ship, and  in  December  of  the  same  year  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  which  position  he 
tilled  until  his  death. 

WILLIAM     PITT    FESSENDEN. 

The  successor  to  Secretary  Chase  was  another  son  of 
New  Hampshire — William  Pitt  Fessenden — at  the  time 
of  his  appointment  a  United  States  Senator  from  Maine. 
He  was  born  at  Boscawen  October  16,  1806.  After 
graduating  at  Bowdoin  and  being  admitted  to  the  bar, 
he  located  at  Portland  in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  speedily  rose  to  the  first  rank  in  his  State  both  as 
counsellor  and  advocate.  Although  avoiding  political 
office,  he  was  several  times  a  member  of  the  State  leg- 
islature, and  in  1840  was  a  Representative  in  Congress. 
He  declined  a  re-nomination,  but  continued,  as  an  anti- 
slavery  Whig,  prominent  and  active  in  political  affairs. 


214  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

In  1854  he  was  elected  United  States  Senator  by  a  com- 
bination of  Whigs  and  anti-slavery  Democrats,  and  at 
once  established  his  reputation  as  one  of  the  ablest  mem- 
bers of  the  Senate.  He  was  re-elected  in  1860,  and 
during  the  earlier  years  of  the  war  served  with  rare  abil- 
ity as  chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee.  Mr.  Fessen- 
den  was  very  reluctant  to  assume  the  fearful  responsibil- 
ities of  the  Treasury  portfolio,  but  finally  yielded  to 
urgent  requests.  The  situation  was  critical.  Six  days 
after  he  assumed  the  office  the  currency,  from  enormous 
issues  of  legal-tender  notes,  had  depreciated  to  thirty- 
four  cents  upon  the  dollar.  In  all  the  foreign  markets 
except  Germany,  Holland  and  Switzerland,  our  bonds 
were  practically  tabooed,  and  their  sale,  at  best,  was 
slow.  Three  millions  of  dollars  per  day  were  required 
for  our  immense  armies  and  navies.  In  this  emergency 
the  new  Secretary  made  a  frank  appeal  to  the  people  of 
the  nation,  which,  seconded  by  an  energetic  and  judi- 
cious system  of  advertising,  brought  a  sufficiency  of 
funds  without  the  aid  of  European  bankers,  who  learned, 
too  late,  that  they  had  lost  a  golden  opportunity.  By 
wise  manipulation  he  enhanced  the  value  of  the  legal- 
tender  currency,  until  on  his  retirement  from  the  Sec- 
retaryship gold  had  dropped  to  99  per  cent,  premium. 
He  resigned  on  the  4th  of  March,  1865,  to  take  the  seat 
in  the  Senate  to  which  he  had  meantime  been  elected. 
In  the  later  days  of  his  public  service  he  differed  from 
his  old  party  associates  upon  some  matters  of  public 
policy ;  notably  concerning  the  impeachment  of  Presi- 
dent Johnson.  He  died  in  Portland  September  8,  1869. 


FIRS T  NEW  HA MPSHIRE.  215 

HENRY    WILSON. 

In  Henry  Wilson  we  have  one  of  the  most  striking 
examples  of  the  vicissitudes  of  life  and  fortunes  possi- 
ble in  this  country.  He  was  born  in  Farmington  Feb- 
ruary 1 6th,  1812,  and  his  parents  were  extremely  poor 
— so  poor  that  at  the  age  of  ten  years  he  was  "  bound 
out"  to  a  farmef  for  the  remainder  of  his  minority.  He 
performed  his  allotted  labors  faithfully,  improved  his 
meagre  opportunities  for  education  to  the  utmost,  and 
when  he  became  of  age  went  to  Natick,  Mass.,  and 
worked  as  a  shoemaker.  In  1840  he  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Harrison  campaign,  and  was  elected  to  the 
State  House  of  Representatives.  This  was  the  opening 
of  his  remarkable  public  career.  He  was  repeatedly 
elected  to  the  legislature — first  as  a  Whig,  and  later  as 
a  Freesoiler — and  rose  so  rapidly  in  public  estimation 
that  in  1855  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Everett.  From  this  time  until  his  death  he  was  contin- 
ually in  the  harness,  as  Senator  and  Vice  President. 
-He  was  the  relentless  and  inflexible  enemy  of  slavery, 
and  during  the  war,  before  Lincoln's  great  act  of 
emancipation,  introduced  and  pressed  to  successful  con- 
clusion several  acts  which  struck  locally  and  peicemeal 
at  the  institution.  In  March,  1861,  Mr.  Wilson  was 
assigned  to  the  chairmanship  of  the  Committee  on  Mil- 
itary Affairs,  a  most  important  position  during  the  four 
years  of  war  that  followed.  The  tremendous  work  he 
performed  can  only  be  understood  by  an  examination 
of  the  records  of  those  days.  His  labors  were  inces- 


2l6  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

sant ;  and  he  was  a  master  in  the  work  of  military  leg- 
islation. During  the  recess  of  Congress  after  the  First 
Bull  Run  disaster  he  returned  to  Massachusetts  and 
raised  the  Twenty-second  Regiment,  one  company  of 
sharpshooters,  two  batteries,  and  nine  companies  for  the 
Twenty-third  Regiment — all  in  forty  days.  He  led  the 
Twenty-second  to  Washington  as  its  Colonel,  with  an 
understanding  that  he  should  soon  resign  to  have  an 
accomplished  army  officer  for  its  commander.  This 
arrangement  was  carried  out,  and  Col.  Jesse  A.  Gove 
(another  New  Hampshire  born  man)  succeeded  him. 
But  he  served  until  January,  1862,  as  a  volunteer  aide 
on  Gen.  McClellan's  staff,  acquiring  information  which 
was  of  immense  advantage  in  the  performance  of  his 
legislative  duties.  In  1873  he  reached  almost  the  sum- 
mit of  official  position,  when  the  "  bound  boy"  of  Far- 
mington,  the  Natick  shoemaker,  became  Vice  President 
of  the  United  States. 

He  did  not  live,  however,  to  complete  his  term  of 
office.  On  the  25th  day  of  November,  1875,  in  the 
Vice  President's  room  at  the  Capitol,  he  died  suddenly,, 
and  somewhat  unexpectedly,  with  but  one  attendant  at 
his  bedside.  He  had,  some  time  previous,  had  a  stroke 
of  paralysis,  but  was  supposed  to  be  convalescing. 
The  immediate  cause  of  his  death  was  apoplexy. 

ZACHARIAH    CHANDLER. 

This  aggressive,  hard-hitting,  fearless  leader  of  men 
was  born  in  Bedford  in  1813.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
his  father  gave  him  his  choice,  a  college  education,  or 
a  thousand  dollars  to  start  in  life.  He  chose  the  latter, 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  2IJ 

and  journeying  to  what  was  then  the  far  West,  to  Mich- 
igan, he  commenced,  at  Detroit,  the  mercantile  career 
which  laid  the  foundation  of  an  immense  fortune.  He 
entered  politics  as  a  Whig,  but  later  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Republican  party.  He  first  took  a  seat 
in  the  United  States  Senate  on  the  4th  of  March,  1857, 
displacing  that  veteran  statesman  of  the  opposite  faith, 
Gen.  Lewis  Cass,  like  himself,  a  son  of  the  Granite 
State. 

In  the  wild  turmoil  of  those  days  something  more 
than  mere  moral  courage  was  required  of  the  opponents 
of  the  slave  power  in  Washington.  The  average 
Southern  conviction  that  Northern  men  would  not  fight 
was  an  encouragement  to  frequent  bullying  and  an 
almost  intolerable  assumption  of  superiority.  Charles 
Sumner  was  even  stricken  down  in  the  Senate  Chamber 
by  a  South  Carolina  bully.  It  was  in  such  a  crisis  that 
Chandler,  Wade  and  Cameron  entered  into  a  solemn 
compact  to  fight  upon  the  first  provocation.  Chandler 
and  Wade  soon  had  occasion  to  act  upon  their  purpose, 
and  their  readiness  to  try  conclusions  with  the  tools  of 
the  duellist  wonderfully  tempered  the  "fire-eaters'"  de- 
votion to  "the  code."  Lincoln's  inauguration  came, 
and  the  war. 

Congressional  records  will  reveal  the  multiplied  forms 
in  which  Chandler's  sagacious  and  practical  mind 
shaped  the  measures  which  were  so  vital  during  the 
years  of  the  contest.  In  the  depression  of  the  early 
disasters  to  our  arms,  he  stood  fearless  and  undismayed. 
On  the  ist  of  July,  1862,  he  pronounced  his  master 


2 1 8  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

speech  on  the  conduct  of  the  war,  and  closed  by  de- 
manding the  removal  of  McClellan,  then  at  the  zenith 
of  his  popularity  and  the  idol  of  the  army.  It  fell  like 
a  thunderbolt,  and  the  effect  was  tremendous.  It  was 
upon  his  motion  that  the  important  Committee  on  the 
Conduct  of  the  War  was  organized,  and  he  was  for 
many  years  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 
Three  successive  terms  he  served  in  the  Senate  ;  then 
in  Grant's  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Again, 
for  the  fourth  time,  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  and 
died  in  the  harness.  It  was  in  the  closing  hours  of  the 
last  session  in  which  he  took  part  that  he  pronounced 
philippic  against  Jeff.  Davis,  which  will  never  cease  to 
be  famous  in  the  annals  of  our  national  polemics. 

In  the  political  campaign  of  that  Fall,  (1879),  ^le 
made  political  speeches  in  many  States,  travelling 
thousands  of  miles,  and  on  the  evening  of  the  last  clay 
of  October,  made  at  Chicago,  one  of  the  greatest  fo- 
rensic triumphs  of  his  life.  His  life  work  was  ended. 
On  the  following  morning  he  was  found  dead  in  bed  at 
his  hotel.  His  political  opponent  Senator  Bayard,  eulo- 
gized him  as  "manly,  impulsive,  outspoken,  sincere 
and  generous  ;  an  open  but  not  implacable  foe,  and  a 
steady  and  courageous  friend.  *  *  *  Free  handed  and 
open  hearted,  he  kept  his  word,  despised  a  coward,  and 
loathed  a  hypocrite." 

HORACE    GREEl.EY. 

Horace  Greeley,  a  native  of  Amherst,  was  born  on 
the  3d  of  February,  1811.  In  his  autobiography  he 
narrates  with  quaint  humor  and  pathos  the  storv  of  his 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRB .  2 1 9 

early  struggles  with  poverty.  When  Horace  was 
eleven  years  old  his  father  became  utterly  bankrupt, 
and  fled  to  Vermont  to  avoid  arrest  for  debt.  The  fam- 
ily followed,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  Horace's  long 
cherished  ambition  to  become  a  printer  was  gratified, 
when  he  was  apprenticed  in  a  newspaper  office  at  East 
Poultney.  Set  loose  in  1830  by  the  discontinuance  of 
the  office,  he  in  a  few  months  drifted  to  New  York  city, 
where  after  varying  fortunes  as  journeyman  printer, 
publisher  and  editor,  in  1840  he  started  "The  Log 
Cabin,"  a  Harrison  campaign  paper,  which  made  an 
unprecedented  hit  and  established  Greeley's  reputation. 
The  "Tribune"  first  saw  light  on  the  loth  of  April, 
1841,  and  the  strong  personality  of  its  founder  was  im- 
printed upon  its  pages  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  There  the  strength  and  the  peculiarities  of 
Horace  Greeley  were  reflected  as  in  a  mirror.  He  fol- 
lowed no  beaten  track,  but  blazed  a  way  of  his  own, 
often  erratic,  and  very  rarely  in  the  popular  direction, 
upon  subjects  social,  economic,  and  political.  But  as 
the  uncompromising  enemy  of  the  slave  power  the 
"Tribune"  wielded  a  phenomenal  influence.  When 
secession  was  threatened,  and  before  the  opening  of 
actual  hostilities,  Greeley  urged  the  policy  of  letting 
the  Southern  States  go  in  peace  if  a  majority  of  their 
people  so  desired ;  not  as  a  constitutional  right,  but  as 
the  easiest  way  of  parting  company  with  a  bad  crowd. 
But  when  the 'war  opened,  he  gave  the  Administration 
a  warm  support ;  and  when  the  slums  of  New  York 
broke  loose  in  the  terrible  "  draft  riots,"  Horace  Greeley 


2  20  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

and  the  "  Tribune"  office  were  marked  as  the  special 
objects  of  the  brutal  mob's  hatred.  And  yet,  had  not 
other  leaders  been  of  sterner  fibre  than  he,  the  war 
never  would  have  been  fought  to  a  successful  issue.  In 
our  days  of  disaster  he  sometimes  appeared  to  lose  heart 
and  to  be  ready  to  give  up  the  contest  on  almost  any 
terms  that  could  be  obtained.  In  July,  1864,  he  was 
imposed  upon  by  certain  parties  claiming  to  represent 
the  Confederate  Government,  and  who  desired  to  enter 
into  negotiations  for  peace.  He  took  full  stock  in  these 
self-styled  pacificators,  and  used  his  personal  influence 
to  procure  for  them  an  interview  with  the  President. 
But  Mr.  Lincoln,  with  consummate  adroitness,  developed 
the  fact  that  these  negotiators  were  mere  unauthorized 
adventurers,  and  countered  upon  them  neatly  by  his 
proclamation  offering  safe  conduct  and  proper  reception 
to  the  bearers  of  "  any  proposition  which  embraces  the 
restoration  of  peace,  the  integrity  of  the  whole  Union, 
and  the  abandonment  of  slavery,  and  which  comes  by 
and  with  authority  that  can  control  the  armies  now  at 
war  against  the  United  States."  In  1872  Mr.  Greeley 
was  the  Independent  Republican  and  Democratic  candi- 
date for  President,  and  the  mental  strain  of  the  canvass, 
together  with  disappointment  over  its  disastrous  conclu- 
sion, undoubtedly  hastened  his  death,  which  occurred 
on  the  29th  of  December,  of  the  same  year. 

LEWIS  CASS. 

Gen.  Cass's  active  connection  with  the  events  of  the 
war  period  ended  with  his  retirement  from  the  Cabinet 
of  President  Buchanan,  in  which  he  held  the  State 


FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  221 

portfolio.  Powerless  in  the  midst  of  the  traitors  with 
whom  he  was  associated  in  the  Cabinet,  and  being  fullv 
convinced  of  the  depth  of  their  treasonable  designs, 
and  of  his  inability  single-handed  to  stay  and  thwart 
them,  the  patriotic  Secretary  of  State,  overwhelmed 
with  sorrow  and  filled  with  gloomy  forebodings  for  the 
future  of  *his  country,  resigned  on  the  i2th  of  January, 
1 86 1,  and  retired  to  private  life.  Gen.  Cass  will  rank 
as  one  of  the  remarkable  men  of  his  generation.  A 
native  of  the  town  of  Exeter,  in  which  he  was  born 
October  9,  1782,  he  received  a  partial  academic  educa- 
tion at  the  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  went  to  Ohio,  and 
established  himself  as  a  lawyer.  He  showed  fine  mili- 
tary qualities  in  the  War  of  1812,  which  he  entered  as 
Colonel  of  the  Third  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier  General  in  the  regular  army.  With  a 
small  detachment  he  fought  a  successful  battle  at 
Toronto,  and  when  his  command  was  included  in  the 
terms  of  "  Hull's  Surrender,"  his  indignation,  as  ex- 
pressed in  reports  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  was  uncon- 
trollable. At  the  Battle  of  the  Thames  he  served  as 
volunteer  aide  to  Gen.  Harrison.  In  1813  President 
Madison  appointed  him  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Michigan,  which  position  he  held  for  eighteen  consecu- 
tive years.  His  dealings  with  the  Indians  were  charac- 
terized by  courage  and  tact,  and  he  fought  or  treated 
with  them  as  occasion  required.  He  well  won  the  title 
of  "  The  Father  of  Michigan."  He  was  a  member  of 
Gen.  Jackson's  Cabinet,  and  later  of  Buchanan's,  and 
was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  the  Presidency  in 


222  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

1848,  but  defeated  by  Gen.  Taylor.      He  died  at  Detroit 
June  17,  1866. 

JAMES    W.    GRIMES. 

James  Wilson  Grimes  was  born  in  the  town  of  Deer- 
ing  on  the  20th  of  October,  1816,  prepared  for  college 
at  Hampton  Academy,  and  received  a  partial  collegiate 
education  at  Dartmouth.  He  read  law  in  the*  office  of 
James  Walker,  at  Peterborough,  and  going  West,  com- 
menced practice  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  in  1836.  For  a 
long  term  of  years  he  was  conspicuous  in  Iowa  affairs, 
being  a  member  of  the  first  Territorial  Assembly,  and 
often  re-elected.  He  was  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1854  to  1858,  United  States  Senator  from  1859  to  I^7i» 
and  died  at  Burlington  Feb.  7,  1872.  Senator  Grimes 
was  one  of  the  acknowledged  leaders  of  the  Senate 
during  his  connection  with  that  body.  During  the  war 
period  he  was  upon  the  important  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs — from  December,  1864,  as  Chairman.  In  his 
speeches  he  displayed  rare  qualities  of  statesmanship, 
and  was  one  of  the  most  accomplished  debaters  in 
Congress.  Possessed  of  an  ample  fortune,  he  founded 
professorships  in  both  Iowa  and  Dartmouth  Colleges, 
and  established  a  free  public  library  at  Burlington. 

CHARLES  A.  DANA. 

Charles  A.  Dana,  one  of  the  most  prominent  news- 
paper men  of  the  country,  and  present  editor  of  the 
New  York  Sun,  was  born  in  Hinsdale  August  8,  1819. 
He  held  responsible  connection  with  the  War  Depart- 
ment, for  some  time  as  Assistant  Secretary  of  War. 
During  Grant's  operations  against  Vicksburg,  he  was 


FIRS T  NB W  HAMPSHIRE.  22% 

with  the  army  as  special  commissioner  of  the  War  De- 
partment, and  his  almost  daily  reports  of  the  progress 
of  events  were  of  such  value  and  interest  as  to  call 
forth  special  acknowledgments  and  thanks  from  Sec- 
retary Stanton. 

WILLIAM    E.    CHANDLER. 

William  E.  Chandler,  now  a  United  States  Senator 
from  this  State,  laid  the  foundation  for  his  present 
national  reputation  during  the  war  period.  His  firm- 
ness and  alertness  as  Speaker  of  the  New  Hampshire 
House  of  Representatives  during  the  turbulent  proceed- 
ings over  Gov.  Gilmore's  veto  of  the  soldiers' voting  bill 
gave  him  more  than  local  fame.  In  1864  he  was  em- 
ployed by  the  Navy  Department  as  special  counsel  to 
prosecute  the  Philadelphia  navy  yard  frauds,  and  March 
pth,  1865,  was.  appointed  by  President  Lincoln,  First 
Solicitor  and  Judge-Advocate-General  of  the  same 
Department.  June  lyth,  1865,  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  First  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
His  later  career,  as  President  Arthurs  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  and  as  Senator,  is  familiar  to  all. 

CHARLES    CARLETON    COFFIN. 

In  the  front  rank  of  that  peculiar  product  of  the  war, 
the  "War  Correspondent,"  stands  Charles  Carleton 
Coffin,  familiarly  known  by  his  nom  de  plume  of 
"  Carleton."  The  ground  he  covered  in  his  work  is 
almost  marvellous.  He  was  at  the  First  Bull  Run,  in 
Grant's  western  campaigns,  at  Memphis,  and  in  nearly 
every  great  movement  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac ; 
was  one  of  the  first  to  set  foot  on  Sumter  after  its  evac- 


2 24  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

uation  ;  and  was  in  Richmond  almost  as  soon  as  the 
last  Rebel  soldier  was  out  of  it.  Some  of  the  finest  re- 
ports of  the  war  were  from  his  pen,  and  his  dispatches 
often  conveyed  even  to  the  Government  its  first  infor- 
mation of  important  events.  His  reputation  as  an 
author  is  established  by  several  valuable  works,  mainly 
historical.  He  is  a  native  of  Boscawen,  born  July  26, 
1823. 

Such,  in  skeleton  outline  merely,  is  the  record  of  the 
most  eminent  of  those  sons  of  New  Hampshire  who,  in 
various  spheres  of  action,  had  a  distinguished  part  in 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  As  this  sketch  is  of  neces- 
sity brief,  so  it  is  in  some  respects  incomplete  as  well. 
In  the  regular  service,  in  both  army  and  navy,  were 
hundreds  of  New  Hampshire  officers  who  bore  well 
their  part.  And  in  the  field  and  line. and  staff  of  the 
two  thousand  volunteer  regiments  of  the  Union  army, 
New  Hampshire  was  fully  and  honorably  represented. 
No  allusion  has  been  made  to  scores  of  distinguished 
officers  of  New  Hampshire  troops  whose  glorious  re- 
cords are  the  pride  of  the  State  ;  they  will  find  their 
appropriate  places  in  the  written  histories  of  their  re- 
spective regiments.  In  the  37th,  38th  and  39th  Con- 
gresses, New  Hampshire  was  represented  by  exception- 
ally strong  and  talented  men.  Here  the  writer  has 
only  attempted  to  group  the  most  conspicuous  of  those 
who  from  the  character  of  their  service  can  find  no  other 
place  than  this  in  New  Hampshire's  distinctive  war 
histories,  but  without  an  allusion  to  whom  New  Hamp- 
shire's record  would  be  incomplete. 


CHAPTER    VIII. 
BY  HON.  JOHN  C.  LINEHAN. 

THE    IRISH    OF  "NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    THE    CIVIL    WAR. 

At  the  urgent  solicitation  of  the  historian  of  the  First 
New  Hampshire  Volunteer  Infantry,  this  paper  on  the 
part  the  Irish  of  New  Hampshire  took  in  the  Civil  War, 
was  prepared. 

The  writer  is  not,  therefore,  to  be  held  responsible 
for  the  question  of  propriety  in  thus  contributing  matter 
that,  at  the  first  view  might  appear  foreign  to  the  sub- 
ject of  the  history,  but  in  the  absence  of  other  material, 
owing  to  the  short  service  of  the  regiment,  it  may,  and 
and  it  is  hoped  it  will,  prove  acceptable  to  the  veterans 
of  the  First,  many  of  whom  became  leaders  in  the  reg- 
iments that  followed,  and  at  the  same  time  place  on 
record  the  services  of  a  class  of  men  whose  loyalty,  on 
account  of  their  origin  and  creed,  was  questioned  to 
some  extent,  but  a  few  years  before  the  war  broke  out. 

Religion,  however,  had  more  to  do  with  this  feeling 
of  distrust  than  nationality,  as  the  Irish  were,  in  the 
main,  Catholics  ;  and  to  this  form  of  religion,  the  New 
Englander,  from  the  very  first,  had  the  most  inveterate 
antipathy.  What  the  cause  of  this  was  is  not  necessary 
to  show  here.  It  is  enough  in  order  to  explain  the  sit- 
uation, to  state  that  the  prejudice  existed. 


226  FIKS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

The  Irish  people  were  not  strangers  to  New  Hamp- 
shire, for  men  of  that  race  had  been  here  from  the  very 
first,  and  it  will  not  be  out  of  the  line  of  history  to  make 
mention  of  the  fact,  as  the  names  of  many  of  them 
figure  as  soldiers,  some  of  them  prominent,  in  the  mili- 
tary annals  of  the  Colony,  Province  and  State.  The 
rolls  of  the  scouts  in  the  old  Indian  wars,  "the  Louis- 
burg  Expedition,"  the  "Seven  Years'  War"  and  the 
War  of  the  Revolution,  all  bear  names  as  distinctively 
Irish  in  appearance  as  were'those  on  the  muster  rolls  of 
the  Irish  companies  in  the  Third,  Fourth,  Eighth  and 
Tenth  Regiments  of  the  Civil  War. 

The  endless  wars  in  England  and  Ireland,  from  1640 
to  the  establishment  of  William  III  on  the  English 
throne,  and  the  bitter  struggles  between  the  adherents 
of  the  Stewarts,  and  the  followers  of  Cromwell,  drove 
thousands  out  of  Ireland,  a  large  proportion  of  them 
soldiers.  The  majority  went  to  the  Continent  where 
they  took  service  under  France,  Spain,  or  in  any  other 
country  where  they  could  strike  a  blow  at  their  old 
enemy,  while  still  more  came  to  this  country  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Colonists,'  as  Captain  Standish  came  to 
Plymouth,  and  Captains  Henderhill  and  Patrick  to 
Massachusetts  Bay.  Of  this  class,  undoubtedly,  was 
Darby  Field,  an  "Irish  soldier  of  discovery,"  who  was 
sent  over  by  Captain  John  Mason  in  1631  to  guard  the 
interests  of  his  infant  colony,  and  to  discover  new  lands 
for  his  employer.  To  Darby  Field  is  given  the  credit 
of  being  the  first  of  the  colonists  ,to  see  the  White 
Mountains,  and  also  the  first  to  scale  their  heights. 


FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  227 

After  him,  the  succession  of  Irish  names  on  the  pro- 
vincial rolls  of  New  Hampshire,  is  unbroken. 

Our  military  history  states  that  Darby  Field  was  the 
first  soldier  by  profession  to  enter  the  State,  and  that  he 
was  sent  "not  only  for  discovery  but  to  assist  in  the 
military  operations  of  the  plantations,  and  in  organizing 
and  training  trie  volunteer  soldiers."  Captain  Walter 
Neal  was  in  New  Hampshire  at  the  same  time,  as  one 
of  the  two  proprietary  agents. 

The  following  names  on  the  rolls  between  1710  and 
177°  are  an  index  to  the  nationality  of  the  men  who 
bore  them,  and  prove  conclusively  that  the  Irish  in 
New  Hampshire  had  done  their  part,  as  well  in  found- 
ing the  nation  as  their  countrymen  did  one  hundred 
years  later  in  maintaining  its  integrity.  Neal,  McNeal, 
O'Neal,  Connor,  Moran,  Lary,  Driscoll,  Barry,  Mc- 
Gowan,  Carty,  McS weeny,  Haley,  Moore,  Fitzgerald, 
McMahon,  Kelley,  McLeneehan,  McLaughlan,  Ken- 
ney,  Malone,  Maloney,  Murphy,  Mooney,  Ryan,  Sul- 
livan, Madden,  Malloy,  Bryan,  Buckley,  Tobin,  Don- 
nell,  Rowan,  Connelly,  Clary,  Grady,  Maroney,  Hart, 
Logan,  McMillan,  McGee,  Donahoe,  etc. 

Among  the  most  prominent  of  these  were  Colonel 
Hercules  Mooney,  who  was  a  noted  military  character 
in  the  Province  ;  Colonel  Andrew  McMillan,  who  was 
one  of  Concord's  first  citizens  for  years  ;  Colonel  John 
Hart,  who  had  command  of  a  regiment  in  the  French 
war  ;  Captain  James  McGee,  who  fell  at  the  head  of  his 
command  at  Crown  Point ;  Colonel  Thomas  McLaugh- 
lan, who  fought  under  Stark  at  Bunker  Hill ;  Capt. 


228  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Bryan  McSweeny  of  Holderness,  who  was  an  old  In- 
dian fighter ;  Capt.  David  Donahoe,  who  commanded 
a  vessel  in  the  Louisburg  Expedition ;  and  Major  Gen- 
eral John  Sullivan.  Darby  Kelly,  whose  name  appears 
frequentfy  on  the  rolls,  was  the  ancestor  of  Capt.  War- 
ren M.  Kelley  of  Donahoe's  Tenth  New  Hampshire 
Volunteers. 

Gen.  Sullivan  was  not  old  enough  to  participate  in 
the  Provincial  wars,  but  the  name  was  represented  in 
the  persons  of  Dennis,  Valentine  and  Cornelius  Sulli- 
van, and  the  same  name  is  found  enrolled  as  Solovan 
and  O'Sulloway  ;  the  latter  is  the  Gaelic  pronunciation 
of  O'Sullivan,  and  in  that  form  it  will  be  found  on  page 
136,  volume  2,  Adjutant  General's  Report  for  1866,  on 
the  muster  roll  of  Capt.  Tash's  company,  Col.  Blanch- 
ard's  Regiment,  where  appear  the  names  of  William 
and  John  O'Selloway,  October,  1755.  These  were 
troublesome  times  and  whatever  the  nationality  or  the 
faith  of  these  men  may  have  been,  their  services  were 
of  inestimable  value  to  the  struggling  colonists  who 
were  in  constant  dread  of  invasion  from  Canada,  or 
exposed  to  sudden  attacks  from  the  Indians  around  them. 
Their  names  appear  quite  often  on  the  rolls  for  a  good 
many  years  before  the  Revolution,  and  the  dropping  of 
the  peculiar  Irish  given  names  borne  by  the  fathers,  is 
noticeable  among  the  sons,  Jonathan,  Benjamin,  Eben- 
ezer,  etc.,  taking  the  place  of  Cornelius,  Dennis,  Pat- 
rick and  Teague. 

The  great  Irish  emigration  which  began  in  1846-7 
and  continued  to  the  oiitbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  brought 


SCOT.  JOHN.P  HALE. 

7.x  77;  p.i'.  jasiStTRE  .7Zt<3f  NSW  HAMPSHIRE . 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  2 29 

thousands  to  this  country  who  were  strangers  in  creed 
to  the  great  mass  of  the  American  people. 

This  increase  to  the  laboring  population  created  great 
alarm,  as  it  was  feared  that  there  would  not  be  employ- 
ment for  all ;  and  this  feeling,  in  addition  to  the  relig- 
ious prejudice,  resulted  in  the  formation  of  political 
organizations,  at  first  called  the  Native  American  or 
American  Protestant  Associations,  and  all  finally  merg- 
ing in  one,  the  Know-Nothing  or  American  Party  which 
swept  the  North  like  wild  fire.  The  object  of  this 
organization  was  to  restrict  emigration,  change  the 
naturalization  laws  so  that  a  foreigner  would  have  to 
remain  here  twenty-one  years  instead  of  five  before  he 
could  become  a  citizen,  to  secure  legislation  hostile  to 
the  Catholic  church,  and  to  elect  or  appoint  to  office 
none  but  native-born  Americans.  Their  motto  was, 
"  Put  none  but  Americans  on  guard."  Although  this 
movement,  ostensibly,  was  against  all  foreigners,  in 
reality  it  was  aimed  at  the  Irish  Catholics  as  subsequent 
events  proved,  their  churches  being  attacked  in  Philadel- 
phia, Baltimore,  Louisville  and  Manchester,  N.  H.  A 
convent  was  destroyed  in  Somerville,  Mass.,  a  priest 
tarred  and  feathered  in  Ellsworth,  Maine,  and  terrible 
riots  resulting  in  the  loss  of  life  and  property  in  New 
Orleans,  Baltimore,  Louisville  and  Philadelphia.  In 
New  England  there  was  no  rioting  except  in  the  in- 
stances named,  but  a  bitter  feeling  existed  which  found 
expression  in  the  enactment  of  special  laws  in  Massa- 
chusetts and  New  Hampshire  against  them.  In  the 
former  state  naturalized  foreigners  were  required  to 


230  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

remain  two  years  on  probation  after  taking  out  their 
final  papers,  and  in  the  latter  they  were  required  to  re- 
port to  the  Board  of  Selectmen  and  exhibit  their  natu- 
ralization papers  three  months  before  election  each  year 
on  penalty  of  losing  their  right  to  vote.  In  addition  to 
all  this  they  were  declared  unworthy  to  bear  arms.  It 
was  almost  an  impossibility  for  an  Irish  Catholic  to  gain 
membership  in  an  American  military  company,  and  in 
Massachusetts,  under  the  administration  of  Governor 
Gardner  in  1855,  five  or  more  military  companies  com- 
posed of  Irishmen  or  Irishmen's  sons,  were  disbanded 
and  their  arms  taken  from  them. 

The  Columbian  Artillery,  Sarcefield  Guards  and 
Montgomery  Guards  of  Boston,  the  Union  Guards  of 
Lawrence  and  the  Jackson  Musqueteers  of  Lowell  were 
among  the  organizations  thus  treated.  It  was  during 
this  period  that  Colonel  Benjamin  F.  Butler  endeared 
himself  to  the  Irish  of  New  England,  by  refusing  to 
disband  the  Irish  company  in  his  regiment  in  response 
to  the  order  of  the  Governor,  for  which  he  was  prompt- 
ly relieved. 

These  are  not  pleasant  facts  to  recite,  but  in  order  to 
give  the  situation  when  the  war  broke  out,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  write  them  up.  Here  in  New  Hampshire  there 
were  no  Irish  organizations  to  be  disbanded,  and  but 
very  few,  if  any,  belonged  to  the  militia.  As  a  general 
thing  it  was  a  difficult  matter  for  one  of  them  to  get 
admitted  to  a  fire  company.  This,  then,  was  the  situ- 
ation when  the  election  of  Lincoln  fired  the  Southern 
heart.  The  timd  was  coming  when  the  loyalty  of  these 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  231 

men,  who  were  so  sorely  tried,  was  to  be  put  to  the  test 
and  that  question  forever  settled. 

When  the  first  call  for  75,000  men  was  issued  by 
President  Lincoln,  no  one  dreamed  that  there  was  going 
to  be  any  serious  trouble.  The  "people  of  the  South, 
in  their  fancied  superiority,  assumed  that  the  North 
would  not  dare  to  oppose  them,  and  the  people  of  the 
North  could  not  think  the  South  was  in  earnest.  The 
result  was  that  both  sides  looked  on  the  coming  contest 
as  a  holiday  affair ;  and  the  first  troops  sent  forward,  as 
a  general  thing,  were  those  enrolled  in  the  Militia  or 
National  Guards  of  the  free  States.  For  the  reasons 
given  but  .few  Irish  were  in  the  ranks  of  these  organi- 
zations. New  York  city  had,  perhaps,  the  only  Irish 
regiment  in  the  country,  the  Sixty-ninth,  Colonel  Cor- 
coran ;  and  this  gallant  soldier  was  in  prison  when 
Sumter  was  fired  upon,  for  refusing  to  order  out  his 
regiment  to  parade  in  honor  of  the  Prince  of  Wales. 

But  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  opened  the  eyes  of  the 
people  on  both  sides.  All  could  now  see  that  war,  and 
a  long  and  bloody  one  at  that,  was  imminent.  The 
three  months'  men  were  now  to  be  replaced  by  volun- 
teers for  three  years. 

The  gallant  conduct  of  the  Sixty-ninth  New  York 
had  attracted  the  attention  of  the  whole  country,  as  its 
desperate  fighting  at  Bull  Run  was  a  common  theme  in 
all  of  the  newspapers,  and  the  features  of  its  brave 
commander,  Corcoran,  became  known  to  every  home 
in  the  land,  through  the  illustrated  journals  which  vied 
with  each  other  to  do  him  honor. 


232  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

To  those  who  were  living,  and  had  arrived  at  the 
years  of  understanding  in  the  Summer  of  1861,  what 
scenes  presented  themselves  all  over  the  North  !  From 
the  field  and  the  workshop,  the  school-house  and  the 
academy,  the  counting-room  and  the  pulpit,  the  best 
blood  of  the  country,  foreign  as  well  as  native,  rallied 
to  the  call  of  President  Lincoln,  and  in  the  fore-front, 
shoulder  to  shoulder  with  their  American  neighbors, 
and  keeping  step  to  the  music  of  the  Union,  were  the 
men,  the  Irish  Catholics,  who  were  not  deemed  worthy 
to  bear  arms,  but  a  few  short  years  before.  In  New 
York,  the  Sixty-ninth  became  the.  nucleus  of  the  Irish 
Brigade,  which  for  four  long  years  won  imperishable 
honors  on  many  bloody  battlefields. 

In  Massachusetts  the  companies  disbanded  by  Gov- 
ernor Gardner  became  the  nucleus  of  the  Ninth  Mass. 
Volunteers ;  its  Colonel,  Cass,  who  commanded  the 
Columbian  Artillery,  disbanded  in  1855,  sealing  his 
loyalty  with  his  blood  at  Malvern  Hill.  All  over  the 
North  the  bitter  feeling  of  the  past  disappeared  like 
meking  snow,  as  the  country  saw  companies,  regiments 
and  brigades  being  organized,  composed  of  the  men 
who  were  but  a  short  time  before  looked  upon  with  dis- 
trust;  while  the  names  of  the  Irish  leaders,  Sheridan, 
Corcoran,  Meagher,  Mulligan,  Cass,  Guiney,  Donahoe, 
etc.,  became  household  words  throughout  the  land. 

To  this  grand  spectacle  of  loyalty  on  the  part  of  the 
Irish,  New  Hampshire  was  not  an  exception.  From 
the  time  the  first  three  years'  regiment  was  organized, 
down  to  the  day  Lee  surrendered  at  Appomattox,  there 


FIR S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  233 

was  not  an  organization  left  in  the  State  that  had  not 
on  its  rolls  the  names  of  men  of  Irish  birth  or  parentage. 
In  the  absence  of  any  official  designation  of  their  birth- 
place on  the  muster  rolls,  their  nationality  can  be  de- 
termined, for 

"  By  Mac  or  O'  you'll  always  know, 

True  Irishmen  they  say, 
But  if  they  lack  the  O'  or  Mac 
"  No  Irishmen  are  they." 

Many  of  them  had  dropped  both  the  O'  and  Mac, 
but  the  character  of  the  old  Irish  names  is  such  it  is 
easy  to  select  them,  especially  if  one  is  accustomed  to 
them  as  the  writer  has  been  since  childhood. 

The  plan  then  which  he  adopted  in  order  to  get  a  fair 
estimate  of  the  number,  was  to  take  the  Irish  companies 
in  the  Third,  Fourth,  Eighth  and  Tenth  Regiments,  add 
to  them  the  distinctive  Irish  names  enrolled  in  the  other 
companies  and  regiments,  and  then  add  one-half  as 
many  more  for  men  of  Irish  birth  or  parentage,  who 
bore  names  not  of  Irish  character,  for  Jones,  Smith, 
Brown,  Dunn,  Barrett,  Crosby,  Griffin,  Cox,  Cook, 
Black,  White,  etc.,  although  not  of  the  old  Gaelic  stock, 
are  names  quite  common  in  Ireland.  Following  this 
rule,  and  making  up  the  estimate  from  the  Adjutant- 
General's  Reports,  the  following  would  be  the  result: 

STRENGTH.        IRISH. 

First  Regt.,  three  months,  765  49 

Second  Regt.,  three  years,  2645  281 

Third  Regt.,                 "          "  2013  425 

Fourth  Regt.,               "          "  1749  5°9 


234 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


STRENGTH. 

2547 
2531 
1719 
I586 
1820 


l622 
1417 


IRISH. 
318 
312 

273 

429 

252 

833 

r59 


Fifth  Regt.,  three  years, 
Sixth  Regt., 

Seventh  Regt.,  "  " 
Eighth  Regt., 
Ninth  Regt., 
Tenth  Regt., 

Eleventh  Regt.,  " 
Twelfth  Regt., 

Thirteenth  Regt.,  "  " 

Fourteenth  Regt.,  "  " 

Fifteenth  Regt.,  nine  months, 

Sixteenth  Regt.  "  " 

Seventeenth  Regt.,     "  " 

Eighteenth  Regt.,  "  " 

Cavalry  Battalion,  "  " 

First  Cavalry,  "  " 

Battery,  "  " 

First  H.  Artillery,  "  *' 

Sharpshooters,  "  '• 


Total  number  of  Irish  enrolled — estimate,         4631 

It  can  be  seen  from   the   foregoing   figures   that   less 

than   fifty   of  that  nationality  were  in    the    first   three 

months  regiment,  and  but  sixty-five  in  the  Fifteenth, 

Sixteenth  and  Eighteenth  Regiments. 

The  great  bulk  of  them  volunteered  before  the  Win- 
ter of  1862,  for  three  years,  before  the  national  or  State 
governments  offered  bounties  as  an  inducement  to  en- 
list. Company  C  of  the  Third  Regiment  was  recruited 


1227 

91 

1346 

132 

875 

23 

874 

22 

203 

08 

95  1 

35 

419 

10 

1491 

236 

163 

i7 

1824 

83 

345 

03 

NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  235 

by  General  M.  T.  Donahoe,  who  was  commissioned 
Captain,  having  for  lieutenants  Robert  Allen  and  Wal- 
ter Cody.  Capt.  Donahoe  was  promoted  to  the  Colonel- 
cy of  the  Tenth  New  Hampshire  Volunteers  in  July, 
1862.  He  was  complimented  for  his  conduct  at  Seces- 
sionville  on  James  Island,  June,  1862,  in  the  report  of 
Col.  John  H.  "Jackson,  commanding  regiment.  This 
company  leaves  a  most  honorable  record,  second,  to 
none  that  left  the  State.  It  was  the  first  distinctive  Irish 
organization  in  any  regiment  from  New  Hampshire, 
and  from  the  time  of  its  muster  into  the  United  States 
service  to  its  final  muster  out,  not  a  single  charge  of 
desertion  is  on  record  against  its  members. 

Through  some  one's  blunder  the  name  of  John  Kel- 
liher,  Company  C,  is  put  down  as  a  deserter  from  camp 
in  Concord.  He  enlisted  in  this  company,  but  before 
being  mustered  into  the  service  he  was  authorized  by 
Governor  Berry  to  raise  an  Irish  company  for  the 
Eighth  Regiment.  He  went  to  the  front  as  Command- 
er of  Company  C  in  that  regiment,  and  was  killed  at 
the  head  of  his  company  in  the  regiment's  first  engage- 
ment in  Louisiana.  Lieut.  Robert  H.  Allen  was  pro- 
moted to  Captain  on  the  transfer  of  Colonel  Donahoe. 
Lieut.  Cody  was  severely  wounded  at  James  Island  on 
June  1 6,  1862,  and  crippled  for  life. 

This  company  was  fortunate  in  its  officers.  Capt. 
Donahoe  being  a  finely  educated  man,  a  good  discipli- 
narian and  a  gentleman  in  all  his  actions.  Capt.  Allen 
was  a  brave,  determined,  high-toned  man,  and  was 
greatly  respected  by  his  comrades  ;  and  Lieut.  Cody, 


236  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

cut  down  with  a  severe  wound  in  his  first  engagement, 
was  of  the  same  character.  Capts.  John,  Kirwan  and 
Michael  Connolly  worked  their  way  up  from  the  ranks 
in  this  company.  Lieut.  Joseph  J.  Donahoe  was  trans- 
ferred with  his  brother  from  the  Third  to  the  Tenth, 
becoming  its  Adjutant,  and  later  on  was  promoted  to  a 
Captaincy  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Fessenden.  Capt.  M. 
P.  Donley  of  Company  E  was  another  gallant  Irish- 
man, who  was  promoted  from  the  ranks,  earning  his 
double  bars  for  bravery  at  Fort  Fisher. 

Company  C  was  composed  of  good  men  and  its  rec- 
ord was  one  their  countrymen  may  well  be  proud  of; 
they  proved  true  and  loyal  soldiers  in  a  regiment  second 
to  none.  It  was  recruited  in  Manchester,  a  city  then 
as  now,  having  the  largest  Irish  population  in  the  State. 
Scattered  through  the  other  companies  of  the  Third 
were  quite  a  number  of  the  same  nationality,  and 
whatever  the  feeling  might  have  been  a  few  years  before 
in  relation  to  a  man's  birthplace,  the  war  made  them  all 
brothers-in-arms. 

Company  G  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  raised  by 
Capt.  Michael  O'Flinn  in  the  city  of  Manchester,  and, 
like  the  company  in  the  Third,  was  a  credit  to  the  city 
and  State.  Capt.  O'Flinn  served  in  the  first  three 
month's  regiment  as  Orderly  Sergeant  of  Company  C. 
He  was  a  brave  man  and  a  good  officer.  Like  the 
Third,  the  Fourth  had  in  the  ranks  of  the  other  nine 
companies  a  good  many  men  of  the  same  nationality. 
The  leader  of  the  Regimental  Band,  Prof.  Walter  Dig- 
num,  had  a  national  reputation  before  the  war  as  a  band 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 


master,  the  old  Manchester  Cornet  Band  under  his 
direction  acquiring  the  reputation  of  being  the  best 
military  band  in  New  England.  In  this  respect  the 
Third  and  Fourth  Regiments  were  alike  fortunate,  both 
having  good  bands,  which  enlivened  many,  what  might 
have  otherwise  been,  weary  hours. 

The  Second  and  the  Fifth  had  no  Irish  companies, 
but  the  race  was  well  represented  in  both  regiments. 
To  the  Fifth  especially,  on  account  of  serving  so  long 
in  the  same  division  with  the  Irish  Brigade,  the  Irish 
were  no  strangers,  and  each  had  the  greatest  regard  for 
the  other.  It  is  but  a  short  time  since  one  of  the  sur- 
viving captains  of  Meagher's  Brigade  said  in  the  hear- 
ing of  the  writer,  "  They  may  talk  as  they  please  about 
the  gallantry  of  the  Irish  Brigade,  but  braver  men  or 
better  fighters  never  lived  than  the  soldiers  of  the  Fifth 
New  Hampshire.  They  came  up  on  the  left  in  the 
charge  on  the  stone  wall  at  Mary's  Heights,  Fred- 
ericksburg,  where  we  left  ten  out  of  twelve  hundred 
behind  us.  I  saw  their  colors  go  down  five  times,  and 
they  never  touched  the  ground."  A  splendid  tribute 
from  a  comrade  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Massachusetts, 
who  left  an  arm  behind  when  he  retreated  and  too  good 
to  leave  unrecorded. 

The  Second  had  no  Irish  commissioned  officers,  nor 
had  the  Fifth,  unless  Lieut.  -Col.  Larkin  would  come 
under  that  head,  his  name  denoting  an  Irish  origin. 
The  Sixth  Regiment  had  neither  Irish  organization  or 
commissioned  officers  but  a  goodly  number  of  the  race 
were  on  the  muster  rolls  of  the  regiment.  The  Seventh 

16 


238  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

Regiment  had,  also,  many  of  them,  two  of  the  Cap- 
tains, Caine  and  McCabe  being  of  that  nationality. 

Companies  C  and  K  of  the  Eighth  were  organized 
respectively  by  Capts.  John  Kelliher  and  Thomas  Con- 
nolly. The  Eighth  served  through  the  war  in  the  De- 
partment of  the  Gulf,  and  the  character  of  the  men  in 
these  two  companies  was  fully  up  to  the  standard 
reached  by  their  countrymen  in  the  two  companies  of 
the  Third  and  Fourth.  Capt.  Kelliher,  who  is  men- 
tioned elsewhere,  had  but  just  arrived  in  the  country 
when  the  war  broke  out.  He  was  finely  educated, 
having  taught  school  in  Ireland,  and,  like  the  great 
mass  of  his  countrymen,  was  fully  imbued  with  the 
patriotic  spirit  of  the  times.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
to  volunteer  in  Capt.  Donahoe's  company  of  the  Third, 
and  went  into  camp  in  Concord  with  the  regiment. 
Here  he  met  with  several  of  his  countrymen  who  were 
interested  in  his  welfare,  and  thinking  he  could  be  of 
more  service  to  the  country  in  a  different  capacity,  he 

was  advised  to  apply  to  Governor   Berry   for   authority 

•    ' 
to  recruit  an  Irish  company  for  the   Eighth  Regiment. 

The  proper  influence  being  brought  to  bear  on  the  Gov- 
ernor, the  application  was  granted  ;  he  raised  his  com- 
pany to  the  full  complement,  went  to  the  front  commis- 
sioned as  Captain  and  was  killed  at  the  first  charge  of 
the  regiment  in  the  battle  of  "  Georgia  Landing"  Oct. 
26,  1862.  He  was  less  than  twenty-five  years  of  age 
when  he  fell,  young,  talented  and  with  a  bright  future. 
Capt.  J.  Q^  A.  Warren  was  killed  in  the  same  engage- 
ment, both  being  the  first  martyrs  to  the  Union  cause 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  239 

in  the  ranks  of  the  Eighth.  Capt.  Warren's  body  was 
sent  home  and  Capt.  Kelliher's  buried  in  the  Catholic 
Cemetery  at  Thibodeaux,  La. 

While  the  regiment  was  stationed  here,  before  the 
battle,  companies  C  and  K  raised  $125  for  the  pur- 
chase of  a -monument  to  the  memory  of  the  Irish  Poet 
and  Patriot,  Richard  Dalton  Williams,  prominent  in  the 
Rebellion  of  1848,  and  associated  in  that  struggle  with 
Smith,  O'Brien,  Mitchel  and  Meagher,  and  who  was 
buried  at  Thibodeaux  with  no  stone  to  mark  his  grave. 
This  was  a  generous  act  on  the  part  of  the  soldiers, 
and  a  fraternal  one,  for  Williams  had  espoused  the 
secession  cause  with  all  the  ardor  he  had  put  into  the 
struggle  in  Ireland,  and  had  died  a  few  months  before 
the  arrival  of  the  Eighth  in  Louisiana.  It  would  be  a 
graceful  act  if  some  of  the  Southern  survivors  of  the 
"Lost  Cause"  paid  a  similar  tribute  to  the  memory  of 
the  gallant  and  lamented  young  Kelliher  who  laid  down 
his  life,  so  early  for  a  country  he  had  but  so  recently 
entered. 

Capt.  Thomas  Connolly  of  Co.  K  was  a  native  of  the 
city  of  Dublin,  and  was  a  fine  specimen  of  the  best  type 
of  Irishmen,  mentally  as  well  as  physically.  He  was 
six  feet  high  in  his  stockings,  erect  and  martial  in  his 
bearing,  and  the  beau  ideal  of  a  soldier.  Although  a 
strict  disciplinarian,  one  of  the  most  so  in  the  regiment, 
he  was  respected  by  every  man  in  the  Eighth,  for  he 
never  asked  a  man  to  go  where  he  was  not  willing  to 
lead.  As  brave  as  a  lion,  his  lips  were  as  pure  as  those 
of  a  young  girl.  Not  a  foul  word  was  ever  heard  from 


240  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

him  in  anger  or  in  jest.  •  He  despised  a  coward  and 
loved  a  brave  man,  and  was  not  slow  in  expressing  his 
disgust  for  one,  and  his  respect  for  the  other.  For  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  conduct  he  was  promoted  Major, 
and  throughout  the  war  he  maintained  the  high  stand- 
ard reached  by  the  Irish  soldier  on  the  world's  battle- 
fields for  the  past  two  hundred  years.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  was  commissioned  in  the  regular  service, 
but  resigned  in  a  short  time,  the  establishment  in  time 
of  peace  not  being  congenial  to  his  fiery  nature.  He 
made  his  home  in  Manchester  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death  which  took  place  in  the  Spring  of  1888.  He 
was  never  married  and,  in  accordance  with  his  request, 
his  body  was  taken  to  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  laid  beside 
that  of  his  mother.  A  movement  is  now,  1889,  on  foot 
to  have  his  remains,  with  those  of  his  mother,  returned 
to  Manchester,  where  they  will  be  re-interred  and  a 
suitable  monument  raised  over  his  grave  by  his  com- 
rades and  citizens  of  the  State  who  knew  his  worth  and 
admired  his  manliness. 

Capt.  Cornelius  Healey  of  the  same  regiment  was  of 
a  similar  type  as  Connolly,  a  brave  man,  earnest  and 
sincere.  He  went  out  as  a  Lieutenant  and  was  promot- 
ed to  a  Captaincy.  He  served  through  to  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  of  service  and  came  out  with  a  record 
his  children  may  well  be  proud  of.  He  returned  to 
Manchester,  and  when  the  Fenian  movement  broke 
out,  he  was  one  among  the  many  Union  veterans  who 
went  to  Ireland  with  the  vain  hope  of  raising  a  success- 
ful insurrection  against  the  English  government  and 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  241 

make  Ireland  a  free  nation.  While  there  he  was  ar- 
rested and  imprisoned,  but  in  the  absence  of  direct  evi- 
dence of  complicity  in  the  movement,  he  was  released 
by  the  intervention  of  Governor  Frederick  Smyth,  who 
demanded  a  fair  trial  or  an  unconditional  release. 

On  his  return  to  New  Hampshire  he  was  chosen 
Major  of  the  First  N.  H.  State  Militia,  but  resigned  and 
went  West  a  few  years  later.  He  resides  at  present  in 
Iowa.  Like  his  gallant  comrade-in-arms,  Connolly,  he 
acquired  the  respect  of  the  soldiers  of  his  regiment 
which  he  honestly  earned  by  three  years  of  constant 
service. 

Capt.  William  J.  Gannon  was  also  promoted  from  a 
Lieutenancy.  He  was  unknown  to  the  writer,  but  his 
record  in  the  Adjutant  General's  Report  was  a  good 
one..  He  served  over  three  years,  being  mustered  out 
at  the  same  time  as  Major  Connolly  on  January  18, 
1865.  The  Lieutenants  of  Companies  C  and  K  were 
Lawrence  Foley,  Robert  Sweeny,  Michael  O'Grady, 
Frank  Conner,  William  Jones,  Michael  Healey,  Pat- 
rick Doherty  and  John  J.  Nolan.  Of  the  latter  Lieu- 
tenants Foley  and  Nolan  were  known  to  the  writer. 

"  Larry"  Foley  was  promoted  from  the  ranks  and  was 
a  good  representative  of  the  rollicking  Irish  troops,  as 
brave  as  a  lion  in  action,  and  as  tender  as  a  lamb  when 
that  sentiment  was  required.  There  was  no  danger  of 
dying  of  fatigue  or  overwork  when  he  was  around,  for 
his  presence  acted  like  electricity,  and  his  jokes  and 
quaint  sayings  relieved  many  a  weary  hour  on  the 
march,  on  picket,  or  in  camp.  He  had  all  the  love  for 


242  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

good  "  aitin  and  drinkin"  that  the  boys  of  the  "  pious 
Eighth"  were  noted  for,  and  would  have  both  if  within 
his  reach  regardless  of  General  Orders  or  the  Articles  of 
War.  It  is  told  of  Capt.  Newhall  of  the  same  regi- 
ment, as  illustrative  of  how  the  veterans  of  the  Eighth 
had  reduced  foraging  to  a  science,  that  Gen.  Phelps 
was  attracted  towards  a  Vermont  regiment,  newly  ar- 
rived, on  account  of  sickness,  owing  to  a  lack  of  fresh 
meat.  They  were  then  located  in  the  enemy's  country, 
and  although  the  rules  were  severe  against  illegal  forag- 
ing, somehow  the  boys,  notably  of  the  Eighth,  found 
where  the  juciest  pigs  and  the  tenderest  chickens  were, 
and  the  result  was  good  health  and  freedom  from  scur- 
vy among  the  boys,  and  constant  alarm  among  the 
planters,  who  were  not  smart  enough  to  catch  them  at 
it.  Gen.  Phelps  came  across  the  Commissary  Sergeant 
of  the  Vermonters,  and  in  his  familiar  squeaking  voice 
said,  "What  on  airth  ails  you  critters,  that  you  are  dy- 
ing off  so?  Look  at  the  Eighth  New  Hampshire  ;  they 
are  not  laying  around  like  sick  mules.  You  go  and  ask 
them  how  they  live,  and  follow  their  example."  The 
Sergeant  was  not  long  in  seeking  the  desired  informa- 
tion and  at  once  formed  his  plan,  secured  a  detail  and 
proceeded  to  put  it  into  execution.  But  alas,  want  of 
experience  in  that  line  of  business,  made  a  failure  of 
the  attempt.  They  were  caught,  handed  over  to  the 
Provost  Guard  and  brought  before  Gen.  Phelps.  The 
General  put  on  his  most  majesterial  air  and  at  once  gave 
them  a  severe  lecture  on  the  crime  of  pillaging  from  the 
innocent  farmer.  He  was  so  severe  that  the  Commis- 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  243 

sary  Sergeant,  smarting  under  the  rebuke  blurted  out, 
"But  you  told  us,  General,  to  do  it."  "Yes  I  did," 
roared  back  the  irate  Commander,  "but  I  did  not  tell 
you  to  get  caught,  you  damned  fools."  It  was  a  very 
cold  day  when  any  of  the  Eighth  got  caught. 

Lieut.  John  J.    Nolan  was   as    brave  a    soldier    and 

• 

has  as  good  a  record  as  any  man  who  wore  the  blue 
from  the  State  of  New  Hampshire.  In  one  of  the 
charges  at  Port  Hudson,  while  he  was  carrying  the 
flag,  he  was  struck  and  fell  on  his  face  carrying 
the  colors  with  him.  One  of  the  color  guard  caught 
the  staff  to  raise  it,  but  like  his  countryman,  Sergeant 
Jasper,  at  Savannah  nearly  a  century  before,  Nolan  re- 
tained his  hold  on  the  colors,  arose  and  with  his  blood 
streaming  on  his  clothing  and  the  flag,  regained  his 
place  in  the  line  and  bore  the  colors  with  the  regiment. 
For  this  action  he  received  the  thanks  of  Col.  Fearing, 
and  a  copy  of  the  letter  written  by  the  Colonel  describ- 
ing the  event  is  engrossed  and  framed  with  a  photo- 
graph of  the  gallant  Nolan,  in  the  Adjutant  General's 
office  at  Concord. 

When  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  on  the  expira- 
tion of  its  term  of  service,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
veteran  battalion  of  the  Eighth  in  which  he  served  till 
the  close  of  the  war.  Since  his  discharge  he  has  been 
on  the  police  force  in  New  York  city,  where  he  holds  a 
responsible  position  and  has  the  reputation  of  being  one 
of  the  best  in  what  is  considered  the  finest  police  force 
on  the  continent.  He  served  in  the  volunteers  from 
November,  1861,  until  July,  1865,  when  he  received  an 


244  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

honorable  discharge  from  the  Veteran  Battalion  of  the 
Eighth  Regiment. 

There  were  no  Irish  companies  in  the  Ninth  Regi- 
ment, and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  of  that  race  held  com- 
missions in  the  organization,  but  many  of  them  "fought 
in  the  ranks,"  carrying  their  muskets  and  performing 
their  duty  as  manfully  as  their  comrades  in  the  Irish 
companies. 

The  Tenth  Regiment  was  organized  in  September, 
1862,  and  was  known  as  the  Irish  Regiment,  the  bulk 
of  the  men  being  of  that  nationality,  though  a  good 
proportion  of  the  men,  as  well  as  the  officers,  were 
Americans.  Capt.  Michael  T.  Donahoe  of  the  Third 
Regiment,  who  had  seen  a  year's  service  and  had  ac- 
quired the  reputation  of  being  a  brave  man  and  a  good 
officer,  was  selected  to  command  it.  He  was  born  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  of  Irish  parents,  and  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  at  Holy  Cross 
College,  Worcester.  He  was  at  work  in  a  clothing 
store  in  Manchester  when  the  war  broke  out,  and  was 
appointed  to  the  command  of  a  company  when  he  was 
barely  twenty-two  years  old.  The  mention  of  his  name 
as  Colonel  of  the  Tenth  hastened  its  formation  and  the 
Governor  made  no  mistake  in  choosing  him,  for  he  was 
brave  to  rashness,  and  the  regiment,  when  in  action, 
always  found  him  in  their  midst.  Sunny  and  genial  by 
nature,  he  made  hosts  of  friends  who  loved  him  as  a 
comrade  and  respected  him  as  a  Commander.  The 
regiment  was  in  active  service  inside  of  thirty  days 
from  the  time  it  left  the  State;  and,  from  Fredericks- 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  245 

burg  to  Appomattox,  participated  in  all  battles  in  which 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  engaged,  and  keeping 
up,  by  its  conduct,  the  proud  reputation  acquired  by 
the  New  Hampshire  regiments  that  had  preceded  it. 

A  correspondent,  writing  of  the  battle  of  Cold  Har- 
bor said,  "Troops  never  stood  under  a  more  hellish 
fire  than  was  poured  upon  the  Tenth  New  Hampshire 
on  this  day.  Half  of  the  trees  were  cut  down  by  shells, 
and  falling  upon  the  dead  and  wounded,  mangled  their 
bodies  in  a  horrid  manner.  The  bark  was  peeled  from 
the  trees  by  bullets,  and  saplings  a  few  inches  in  diam- 
eter, by  actual  count,  bore  the  marks  of  from  fifty  to  a 
hundred  bullets  each.  The  bodies  of  the  dead  were 
used  for  breastworks,  and  whole  platoons  were  swept 
away  by  the  awful  fire  of  grape  and  canister.  Im- 
agination stands  appalled  in  the  endeavor  to  paint  the 
horrors  of  that  day." 

In  the  engagements  at  or  about  Fort  Harrison  in 
September  and  October  the  Tenth  suffered  severely. 
Col.  Donahoe  was  badly  wounded,  and  had  his  horse 
shot  under  him.  Capt.  James  Madden  and  Lieut.  H. 
H.  Gunerson  were  killed.  Capts.  Crowley  and  Doyle 
and  Lieuts.  Larkin,  Mitchel  and  Tucker  severely 
wounded,  and  Capts.  Keenan  and  Corcoran  taken  pris- 
oners. Gen.  Donahoe  was  in  constant  service,  except 
at  a  few  brief  intervals,  from  September,  1861,  until 
June  21,  1865,  when  he  was  mustered  out.  "  For  gal- 
lant conduct  on  the  field"  he  was  appointed  Brigadier 
General  by  brevet,  his  commission  dating  from  March 
13,  1865.  He  was  several  times  on  detached  service, 


246  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

in  camp  in  Concord,  and  on  Morris  Island,  where,  for  a 
few  days,  he  was  in  command  of  his  old  comrades  of 
the  Third  Regiment,  who  were  glad  to  see  him  at  their 
head.  He  returned  to  New  Hampshire  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  where  he  remained  but  a  few  years,  when  he 
went  to  Boston,  where  he  still  resides. 

As  a  representative  of  one  of  the  proudest  old  Gaelic 
names  in  Ireland,  which  furnished  Field  Marshals  to 
France  and  Spain — the  last  Royal  Spanish  Governor  of 
Louisiana  being  an  O'Donojo — he  was  a  good  type  of 
the  Irish  soldier ;  open  handed  and  liberal  to  a  fault, 
generous  to  his  friends,  honorable  to  his  foes  and  true 
to  the  land  that  gave  him  birth. 

'Lieut. -Col.  John  Coughlan  was  born  in  Vermont  of 
Irish  parents.  When  quite  young  he  came  to  New 
Hampshire,  locating  in  Manchester.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  that  city  in  1859, 
being  the  first  Roman  Catholic,  who  had  been  elected 
to  any  State  office. 

The  religious  test  in  the  State  Constitution  prohib- 
ited citizens  of  that  faith  from  holding  the  positions  of 
Governor,  Councillor,  Senator  and  Representative,  but 
it  spoke  well  for  the  party  in  power,  that  not  even  an 
attempt  was  ever  made  to  enforce  this  odious  clause  of 
intolerance.  Col.  Coughlan  worked  hard  among  those 
of  his  blood  and  creed  in  raising  the  Tenth,  and  as  he 
was  well  known  and  respected  in  the  State,  to  his 
efforts  the  credit  of  perfecting  the  organization  was 
largely  due.  It  is  no  detraction  from  the  merits  of 
others  to  say  that  New  Hampshire  had  no  better,  braver 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  247 

or  truer  representative  in  the  volunteer  service  than 
Col.  John  Coughlan.  He  was  a  stern  but  just  man,  a 
strict  disciplinarian,  as  cool  under  fire  as  one  of  Napo- 
lean's  old  guard,  and  a  born  soldier.  In  the  absence  of 
Col.  Donahoe,  he  was  often  in  command  of  the  Tenth, 
and  never  failed  to  perform  the  duties  assigned  him  to 
the  satisfaction  of  his  superiors,  as  well  as  to  those 
whom  he  led  into  action. 

At  Drury's  Bluff,  on  the  i6th  of  May,  1864,  he  had 
command  of  the  regiment  and  handled  his  men  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  call  forth  the  praise  of  his  brigade  com- 
mander. The  enemy  had  turned  the  flank  of  the 
Eighteenth  Corps,  capturing  the  greater  part  of  Wick- 
man's  brigade,  including  Gen.  Wickman  himself,  and 
sweeping  every  thing  before  them  until  they  reached 
that  portion  of  the  line  held  by  the  Tenth  and  Thir- 
teenth New  Hampshire.  Charge  after  charge  was 
made,  but  they  were  as  often  repulsed  by  the  stubborn 
resistance  of  the  two  regiments.  A  battery  was  then 
brought  up  and  an  attempt  made  to  shell  them  out,  but 
before  a  dozen  shots  were  fired,  the  gunners  were  dis- 
abled by  the  rifles  of  the  New  Hampshire  boys  and  the 
guns  silenced.  Meanwhile  Col.  Coughlan  was  ordered 
by  Gen.  Brooks  to  withdraw  his  regiment,  but  he  sent 
word  to  the  General  that  a  Union  brigade  to  the  left, 
ignorant  of  the  withdrawal  of  the  right,  would  be  cut 
off,  if  he  abandoned  his  position.  He  was  again  or- 
dered to  withdraw  the  Tenth,  to  prevent  its  being  cap- 
tured, and  informed  that  the  brigade  in  question  did  not 
belong  to  Gen.  Brooks'  command,  and  he  knew  noth- 


248  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

ing  about  it.  The  intrepid  Coughlan  then  asked  for 
permission  to  hold  his  position  until  word  was  sent  to 
the  brigade.  He  was  then  allowed  to  exercise  his  own 
judgment,  and  for  two  hours,  he  held  the  position, 
while  the  brigade  on  the  left  was  notified  and  marched 
to  the  rear.  The  Tenth  then  withdrew,  remaining  in 
line  a  good  half  hour  after  the  others  had  withdrawn. 
On  their  retiring  the  enemy  opened  fire  on  them,  two 
brigades  having  re-formed  preparatory  to  making  a 
charge.  Under  this  fire  some  of  the  Tenth  retreated 
too  hastily  to  suit  the  taste  of  the  commanding  officer, 
who,  much  to  the  surprise  of  the  regiment  and  of  the 
Rebels,  ordered  a  halt,  about-faced  his  command  and 
carefully  right-dressed  it,  ordering  them  to  fix  bayonets. 
The  enemy  was  surprised  and  confounded  at  the  audac- 
ity of  the  movement,  and  in  their  confusion,  not  know- 
ing what  was  coming  next  forgot  to  fire.  The  com- 
mand was  about-faced  promptly  and  double-quicked  to 

the  shelter  of  the  woods  before  the  Confederates  knew 

• 

what  they  were  about.  This  was  but  one  of  many 
instances  of  his  coolness  and  self-possession.  In  Sep- 
tember of  the  same  year,  on  the  return  of  Col.  Dona- 
hoe,  he'  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Fifth 
Maryland  Veteran  Volunteers,  and  afterward  to  a  pro- 
visional brigade  of  new  troops  from  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  afterwards  detailed  as  Provost-Marshal  of  the  De- 
partment of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  including  the 
Army  of  the  James.  For  gallant  and  meritorious  con- 
duct he  was  brevetted  a  Colonel  and  Brigadier  General 

O 

of  Volunteers,   and   was  mustered  out  on  June   2ist, 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  249 

1865,  after  nearly  three  years  of  constant  and  arduous 
service.  Although  of  a  quiet,  reserved  nature,  he  is  of 
warm  impulses  and  firm  convictions.  Since  the  war  he 
has  made  his  home  in  Washington,  where  his  tall,  mar- 
tial figure  can  be  seen  almost  every  fine  day  on  Penn- 
sylvania Avenue.  He  had,  in  full,  all  of  the  bravery 
and  dash  the  Irish  soldier  has  been  noted  for,  and  New 
Hampshire  never  raised  a  more  loyal  son  than  she 
found  in  Gen.  John  Coughlan. 

Major  Timothy  B.  Crowley  was  born  in  Lowell, 
Mass.,  of  Irish  parents.  When  the  war  broke  out  he 
was  located  in  Nashua,  and  on  the  formation  of  the 
Tenth  Regiment  he  recruited  a  company,  was  commis- 
sioned Captain  and  went  to  the  front  with  the  regiment, 
remaining  in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  severely  wounded  Oct.  25,  1864,  and  promoted  to 
Major  Nov.  23d  of  the  same  year.  From  the  effects 
of  this  wound  he  never  recovered,  suffering  at  intervals 
terribly  until  death  finally  gave  him  rest.  He  was  a 
high-toned  gentleman  and  a  brave  soldier.  No  man  in 
the  regiment  was  more  beloved  by  his  comrades,  and 
this  feeling  was  shared  by  his  fellow  citizens  in  Nashua, 
irrespective  of  creed  or  nationality,  for  "  Tim"  Crow- 
ley  was  loved  and  respected  wherever  he  was  known, 
and  his  death,  which  occurred  after  a  painful  illness 
from  the  effects  of  his  wound,  in  1887,  was  sincerely 
lamented  by  the  citizens  of  his  adopted  State,  to  whom 
he  had  endeared  himself  by  many  sterling  qualities, 
not  the  least  of  which  was  his  sturdy  manliness.  In 
the  engagement  at  Fair  Oaks,  October  25,"  1864,  he 


250  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

was  in  command  of  the  regiment,  then  reduced  to  a 
fragment  of  the  organization  that  left  Concord  two 
years  before.  One  month  earlier,  at  Fort  Harrison,  the 
regiment  suffered  severely. 

Col.  Donahoe  having  had  his  horse  killed  under  him, 
and  being  badly  wounded  himself,  Captain  Casvvell,  of 
whom  it  was  said  "  no  braver  officer  carried  a  sword  or 
led  a  column,"  was  killed  while  in  command  of  the 
regiment  after  the  fall  of  the  Colonel.  The  strength  of 
the  brigade,  here  at  Fair  Oaks,  was  but  five  hundred, 
and  the  fire  of  the  enemy  was  so  murderous,  that  "but 
two  of  the  ten  officers  of  the  Tenth  escaped,  seventy- 
four  men  being  killed,  wounded  or  captured.  Adjutant 
Emerson  was  killed,  Capts.  Keenan  and  Corcoran  were 
captured,  and  Capts.  Crowley  and  Doyle  and  Lieuts. 
Larkin,  Mitchel  and  Tucker  severely  wounded. 
"  Major  Crowley  took  an  active  part  in  all  matters  of 
interest  to  State  or  Nation.  No  man  loved  the  Union 
more  and  but  few  suffered  as  he  did  from  the  effects  of 
his  service.  He  was  one  of  the  leading  men  of  his  race 
and  creed  in  New  Hampshire  and  a  credit  to  both.  In 
after  years  when  the  Civil  War  will  be  but  a  memory  of 
the  past,  his  name  will  be  a  synonym  of  honor,  manli- 
ness and  truth,  for  as  a  soldier,  husband,  father  or 
friend  he  was  loyal  to  the  best  attributes  of  man. 

Capt.  Joseph  J.  Donahoe  was  a  brother  of  Col.  Don- 
ahoe and  was  a  drummer  in  the  Sixth  Massachusetts. 
In  the  march  through  Baltimore,  on  that  memorable 
April  day  in  1861,  he  was  struck  with  a  stone  and 
knocked  senseless.  A  kind  gentleman  took  him  into 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  25 1 

his  residence  where  he  remained  until  he  recovered 
from  its  effects.  When  his  brother  recruited  Company 
C  of  the  Third  Regiment  he  was  appointed  first  Ser- 
geant. He  was  afterward  promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy 
and  transferred  to  the  Tenth  Regiment,  becoming  its 
Adjutant.  He  was  afterward  promoted  to  Captain,  and 
transferred  to  the  staff  of  Gen.  Francis  Fessenden,  be- 
ing for  a  time  stationed  in  Concord.  He  was  brave  to 
rashness,  high  spirited  and  impetuous.  He  served  un- 
til the  close  of  the  war,  but  died  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  a 
few  years  later.  He  was  younger  than  the  General. 

Major  John  Ferguson  was  the  Surgeon  of  the  regi- 
ment when  it  first  went  out.  He  was  born  and  educated 
in  Ireland  and  was  a  skillful  surgeon.  He  served 
one  year,  resigning  in  August,  1863.  He  was  commis- 
sioned from  Manchester,  where  he  still  resides. 

Capt.  Lawrence  Larkin  was  promoted  from  the 
ranks  and  was  a  brave  officer  with  a  splendid  record. 
He  was  Orderly  of  his  company  and  worked  up  through 
the  different  grades  to  be  Captain.  He  was  badly 
wounded  in  May  and  October,  1864,  and  was  mustered 
out  with  the  regiment  June  21,  1865.  He  remained  in 
North  Carolina  at  the  close  of  the  war  and  became 
Mayor  of  Wilmington,  uniting  his  fortunes  with  a 
Southern  girl  and  mingling  the  blue  and  gray  in  a 
proper  manner.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland. 

Lieut.  Michael  Moran  was  born  in  Ireland  and  enlist- 
ed from  Nashua  in  Major  Crowley's  company.  He 
resigned  in  May,  1863. 


252  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

Capt.  Michael  F.  Corcoran  was  commissioned  First 
Lieutenant  when  the  regiment  was  organized  and  pro- 
moted to  Captain  in  July,  1864.  In  the  engagement  at 
Fair  Oaks,  October,  1864,  he  was  captured  with  Capt. 
Keenan.  He  was  born  in  Ireland  and  commissioned 
from  Manchester.  He  had  the  reputation  of  being  a 
brave  man  and  a  good  officer.  He  was  exchanged  be- 
fore the  close  of  the  war,  and  mustered  out  with  the 
regiment  June  21,  1865. 

Lieut.  Richard  H.  Short  was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass., 
of  Irish  parents.  He  was  appointed  Commissary  Ser- 
geant in  August,  1862,  and  promoted  to  Second  Lieu- 
tenant Jan.  10,  1863.  He  was  discharged  Jan.  14, 
1864. 

Capt.  Cornelius  Strain  was  commissioned  Sept.  18, 
1862,  as  Captain  of  Company  C,  and  honorably  dis- 
charged Sept.  19,  1864.  He  enlisted  from  Manchester 
and  still  resides  there.  He  was  of  Irish  birth  or  origin. 

Capt.  John  C.  Keenan  was  born  in  Ireland  and  en- 
listed from  Concord.  He  was  commissioned  Second 
Lieutenant  of  Company  F  September,  1862,  and  pro- 
moted to  Captain  July,  1864.  He  was  captured  at 
Fair  Oaks  Oct.  25,  1864,  exchanged  and  mustered  out 
June  21,  1865,  with  the  regiment.  Capt.  Keenan  re- 
sides in  Concord. 

Capt.  John  L.  O'Brien  was  commissioned  Captain  of 
Company  F  in  September,  1862.  He  was  wounded 
slightly  June  3,  1864,  and  discharged  Feb.  9,  1865. 
He  enlisted  from  Manchester. 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  253 

Lieut.  John  P.  O'Brien  enlisted  as  a  private  when  the 
regiment  was  organized  and  was  promoted  through  the 
several  grades  to  that  of  First  Lieutenant,  being  mus- 
tered out  with  the  regiment  June  21,  1865.  His  record 
was  an  honorable  one. 

Capt.  Patrick  Doyle  was  a  native  of  Ireland.  He 
was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  in  Company  K 
Sept.  18,  1862,  and  promoted  Captain  June  9,  1863. 
He  was  severely  wounded  Oct.  27,  1864,  at  Fair  Oaks, 
and  mustered  out  with  the  regiment  June  21, 1865.  He 
enlisted  from  Manchester  and  returned  there  at  the 
close  of  the  war. 

Capt.  James  Madden  was  commissioned  Captain 
Sept.  18,  1862,  and  was  killed  in  action  June  16,  1864. 
He  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  a  resident  of  Manches- 
ter when  the  war  broke  out. 

In  sketching  briefly  the  services  of  those  who  were 
commissioned  and  who  were  naturally  the  representa- 
tive men  of  the  race,  the  loyalty  and  faithfulness  of 
those  who  fought  in  the  ranks  should  not  be  forgotten. 

Thousands  born  on  the  banks  of  the  Lee,  the  Lifty, 
the  Shannon  and  the  Boyne,  who  never  dreamt  of  war 
when  they  left  Ireland,  were  among  the  first  to  volun- 
teer when  the  wrar  began  in  earnest,  and  their  blood  has 
moistened  the  ground  of  the  great  battle  fields  of  the 
Nation  from  Fair  Oaks  to  Appomattox.  It  is  a  mourn- 
ful feature  in  Irish  history  that  for  the  past  two  hundred 
years  exiles  have  been  fighting  for  every  country  on  the 
face  of  the  earth  but  their  own,  and  whatever  cause 
espoused  by  them,  it  cannot  be  said  that  they  ever 

'7 


254  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

proved  faithless.  They  have  always  been  loyal  to  the 
land  that  gave  them  shelter,  and  in  the  United  States 
especially.  No  one  race  of  the  many  that  contributed 
to  the  make  up  of  American  nationality  has  done  more 
to  establish  the  Republic  or  maintain  its  integrity  than 
they  have.  The  names  of  Sheridan,  Rowan,  Gibbon, 
Reynolds,  Corcoran,  Mulligan,  Donahoe,  Carrol,  Sul- 
livan, the  fighting  McCooks  and  hundreds  of  others 
who  were  prominent  in  the  Civil  War,  all  of  Irish  birth 
or  of  direct  Irish  origin,  prove  this.  The  presence  of 
Irish  companies  in  the  Third,  Fourth  and  Eighth  Regi- 
ments, and  the  large  proportion  of  Americans  in  the 
Tenth,  proved  that  the  prejudice  was  more  fancied  than 
real.  And  among  those  who  volunteered  to  save  the 
Union,  the  question  of  the  loyalty  of  the  adopted  citi- 
zen was  never  raised. 

The  great  bulk  of  those  not  born  in  the  country,  re- 
siding in  New  Hampshire  when  the  war  broke  out  were 
Irish,  but  they  were  no  truer  to  the  cause  than  were 
those  of  lesser  numbers  from  other  countries. 

From  Penacook  two  hundred  and  twelve  men  went  to 
the  front,  and  of  this  number  fifty-five  never  came 
back,  being  killed  in  action,  dying  of  wounds,  disease 
or  captivity.  Two  of  these  were  French  Canadians,  two 
Scotchmen,  sixteen  Englishmen  and  forty-five  Irish- 
men. The  balance  Americans. 

Three  brothers,  Farrands,  natives  of  England,  volun- 
teered ;  one  died  of  disease,  another  was  killed  at  Olus- 
tee  and  the  third  had  his  eyes  shot  out. 


FIfiS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  255 

The  German  element  was  not  great  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, but  it  had  a  gallant  representative  in  the  person 
of  Capt.  Joseph  H.  Freshel  of  the  Seventh  Regiment, 
who  died  in  Manchester  in  the  Fall  of  1889.  And  the 
English  people  were  represented  by  Major  James  F. 
Briggs,  who  was  a  native  of  Great  Britain  and  an  officer 
in  the  Eleventh  Regiment. 

In  this  hasty  article  prepared  from  scant  material, 
scant  for  the  reasons  given  at  the  outset,  there  must  be 
many  omissions,  but  the  writer  has  done  the  best  he 
could  under  the  circumstances  and  is  glad  to  pay  this 
tribute  to  the  memory  of  men  who,  like  himself,  were 
born  in  another  land,  and  under  another  flag.  The 
sacrifices  made  by  them  in  the  hour  of  trial,  ought  to 
set  at  rest  forever  the  question  of  loyalty  to  the  govern- 
ment, and  prove  to  the  world  that,  in  their  love  for  the 
land  of  their  adoption,  they  were  not  a  step  behind 
those  who  were  born  here. 

Whatever  may  have  been  said  in  the  past,  future  his- 
torians will  give  them  credit  for  what  they  have  done, 
and  the  many  monuments  erected  in  memory  of  the 
patriot  dead  will  be  proofs  of  their  origin  and  loyalty. 


NOTE.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  say  that  no  Irishman  is 
more  worthy  of  honorable  mention  as  a  Patriot,  a  Sol- 
dier and  a  citizen  than  the  author  of  the  above  excel- 
lent paper,  Hon.  John  C.  Linehan. — EDITOR. 


CHAPTER  IX. 
BY  MRS.  ADELAIDE  CILLEY  WALDRON. 

THE    WOMEN    OF    NEW   HAMPSHIRE    IN    THE    REBELLION, 
1861-1865. 

Ever  since  the  sons  of  Eve  fought  fatally,  and  the 
daughters  of  Pharaoh  clapped  their  hands  at  combat ; 
from  the  days  of  Helen  and  Cleopatra,  Judith  and 
Semiramis  and  Joan  of  Arc,  to  the  time  of  the  Maid  of 
Saragossa  and  Florence  Nightingale,  women  have  made 
sacrifice  to  Bellona.  Euryale  leading  her  Amazons, 
Adamantea  nursing  the  gods,  and  the  traitorous  daugh- 
ter of  Ninus,  who  was  changed  to  a  lark  to  sing  per- 
petually in  unsatisfied  dominants,  alike  have  had  to 
endure  the  conditions  resultant  from  war,  and  the  weav- 
ing of  Penelope's  web  has  been  often  harder  than  has 
the  field  service  of  Boadicea.  / 

"They  also  serve  who  only  stand  and  wait"  has  be- 
come a  household  saying  because  of  its  universal  truth. 
To  him  who  goes  forth,  although  to  continual  danger 
and  possible  death,  there  are  the  routine  of  purposeful 
drills,  the  bustle  of  march,  encampment  and  encounter, 
the  magnetism  of  number,  and  the  consciousness, 
always  fascinating  to  human  nature,  that  honorable 
fame  may  await  him  just  beyond  the  next  "  long  roll." 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  257 

But  for  her  who  must  see  the  beloved  pass  beyond 
her  sight,  there  are  commonly  the  unaided  care  of 
homely  needs,  the  vacant  chair  by  the  lonely  fireside, 
the  pictures  of  privation  which  the  anxious  imagination 
is  quick  to  portray,  and  the  constant  fearing  to  hear  of 
the  pang  of  wound,  the  agony  of  death  and  the  un- 
known grave,  for  husband  or  son,  for  father,  brother, 
or  lover. 

When,  however,  the  first  shock  of  imminent  peril  is 
over,  to  the  peculiarly  sensitive  composite  temperament 
of  American  women  there  comes  at  once  the  question, 
"What  can  I  do  to  help?"  and  straightway  their  ner- 
vous energy,  persistent  industry  and  fine  brain,  plan  and 
execute  undertakings  whose  daily  steps  may  seem  of 
slight  degree,  but  whose  results,  viewed  from  a  stand- 
point of  accomplishment,  are  stupendous.  Their  re- 
markable work  during  the  Civil  War  in  the  United 
States — may  the  time  never  come  when  it  can  be  named 
other  than  the  Civil  War — is  a  marvel  of  history,  to 
whose  general  features  reference  is  necessary  that  it  be 
well  understood  in  what  noble  Herculean  labors  the 
women  of  New  Hampshire  had  a  share.  It  is  desira- 
ble to  make  a  recapitulation  also  because  much  that  is 
praiseworthy  must  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  great 
and  beautiful  whole,  since  the  death  of  many  partici- 
pants, and  the  destruction  of  official  records  in  the 
burning  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute  make  it  impossible 
to  specify  individual  accomplishment  except  in  a  few 
instances  ;  but,  in  paying  homage  to  these,  we  offer  it 
reverently  to  the  memory  of  every  heart  that  throbbed 


258  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

with  the  fervor  of  patriotism,  and  every  hand  out- 
stretched in  benison  and  benefaction  for  those  who  laid 
their  lives,  whether  good 'or  bad,  before  the  govern- 
ment, for  the  preservation  of  national  honor,  and"  the 
defence  of  that  emblem  of  a  nation's  majesty — the  star- 
spangled  banner. 

President  Lincoln's  first  call  for  volunteer  troops  had 
hardly  sounded  from  sea  to  sea  when  the  women  of 
every  loyal  settlement,  animated  by  a  common  impulse, 
met  together  to  provide  conveniences  and  comforts  for 
those  who  sprang  forward  to  "  rally  round  the  flag," 
while  the  pang  of  prescience  pierced  sensitive  hearts, 
and  tears  began  to  fall  which  should  not  be  wholly 
checked  until  the  eyes  they  dimmed  should  be  closed 
never  to  open  this  side  eternity. 

Errors  of  judgment  were  of  course  frequent  in  the 
early  days  of  the  strange  experience ;  heterogeneous 
gatherings  of  jellies  and  shirts,  vegetables  and  needle- 
books,  and  the  like,  crowded  the  express  offices,  and 
the  first  luggage  of  enlisted  men  was  often  of  a  similar 
nature ;  but  a  week  or  two  of  camp  life  taught  quickly 
how  much  man  may  do  without,  although  the  general 
inexperience  of  both  officers  and  privates  was  an  inno- 
cent cause  of  much  suffering  to  volunteers,  the  majority 
of  whom  had  not  been  bred  to  hardship.  But  it  was 
soon  learned  that  systematic  giving  is  always  doubly 
generous ;  a  committee  of  members  from  various  or- 
ganizations of  relief,  with  Rev.  Henry  W.  Bellows,  D. 
D.,  of  New  York  as  chairman,  was  sent  to  Washing- 
ton to  find  in  "  what  way  the  voluntary  offerings  of  the 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  259 

• 

people  could  best  be  made  available  for  the  relief  of 
the  army."  Dr.  Bellows  drew  up  a  plan  for  the  United 
States  Sanitary  Commission,  and,  supported  by  the 
earnestness  and  zeal  of  his  women  constituents,  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  the  sanction  of  the  President  and 
Secretary  of  War,  for  the  organization  in  view.  The 
object  of  the  commission  was  simply  to  supplement  the 
government ;  the  local  aid  societies,  hitherto  sending 
their  gifts  to  only  troops  from  their  neighborhoods,  soon 
accepted  the  broader  methods  of  the  larger  body,  and 
became  its  auxiliary  branches.  The  Christian  Com- 
mission also  was  established,  co-operating  with  the 
sanitary  department  in  material  ways,  and  extending  to 
the  soldiers  the  benefits  and  consolations  of  religion 
when  the  overworked  chaplains  found  the  complete  ful- 
fillment of  these  offices  beyond  their  power.  Railroads, 
expresses,  and  telegraph  companies  forwarded  the  work 
of  these  associations  by  making  little  or  no  charge  for 
carriage  and  despatches. 

The  organized  women  kept  inspectors  on  duty  to  re- 
port to  them  everything  of  importance  concerning  the 
health  and  consequent  efficiency  of  the  troops  ;  eigh- 
teen concise  treaties  of  great  medical  value  were  pub- 
lished ;  trained  and  humane  nurses  were  placed  in  the 
hospitals  ;  portable  soup-kettles  for  refreshment  on  bat- 
tle-fields were  brought  into  use  ;  hospital  cars  with  beds 
suspended  by  india  rubber  tugs  were  invented ;  sol- 
diers' homes,  claim  and  pension  agencies,  and  a  hospi- 
tal directory  were  established,  and  a  system  of  battle- 
field relief  did  much  to  mitigate  the  horrors  incident  to 


260  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

the  over  six  hundred  pitched  battles  of  the  Civil  War. 
It  is  believed  that  through  the  efforts  of  women  fifty 
million  dollars  were  given  for  the  benefit  of  men  serv- 
ing the  government  by  land  and  sea,  during  the  war,  of 
which  amount  twenty-five  millions  were  disbursed  by 
the  Sanitary  Commission,  four  and  one-half  millions  by 
the  Christian  Commission,  and  the  remainder  in  various 
ways,  a  part  sent  directly  to  officers  of  companies  and 
regiments,  and  large  sums  distributed  through  members 
of  Congress  and  other  officials.  The  sum  named  in- 
cludes all  supplies,  and  cash  furnished  and  expended. 

Among  the  societies  known  as  branches  of  the  Sani- 
tary Commission,  one  of  the  most  efficient  and  untiring 
was  the  New  England  Auxiliary  Association,  to  which 
New  Hampshire's  share  of  the  twelve  thousand  local 
aid  societies  of  the  country  directed  mainly  her  contri- 
butions to  soldiers.  Through  this  auxiliary  four  of  the 
New  England  States  (Rhode  Island  and  'Connecticut 
sending  supplies  more  easily  to  New  York)  distributed 
three  hundred  and  fifteen  thousand  dollars  cash,  and 
one  million  and  two  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth  of 
stores  and  supplies,  by  way  of  the  U.  S.  S.  C. 
*  The  story  of  the  beneficent  work  of  one  town  is  the 
story  of  all ;  a  slight  resume  of  a  few  results  in  the  old 
city  of  Dover  will  apply  to  any  borough  from  the  ex- 
tremity of  Coos  to  the  farthest  corner  of  Cheshire ; 
amounts  contributed  varying  with  population  and 
wealth,  although  sometimes  the  generosity  was  in  an 
inverse  ratio  as  compared  with  those  attributes.  In  the 
city  named,  the  first  regularly  organized  meeting  of  a 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  261 

soldiers'  aid  society  was  held  in  the  "  court  house  "  June 
13,  1861,  with  Mrs.  John  P.  Hale  as  president.  The 
board  of  managers  comprised  two  ladies  from  every 
religious  society  in  town  ;  and  the  object  of  the  weekly 
meetings  was  announced  to  be,  "To  furnish  soldiers 
in  service  with  clothing,  hospital  stores  necessary  to 
health  and  conlfort,  when  not  supplied  by  the  govern- 
ment, and  to  carefully  watch  and  care  for  the  general 
well-being  of  New  Hampshire  troops,  in  every  possible 
particular." 

In  the  first  six  months  after  the  formation  of  the 
society,  there  were  received  and  distributed  $962.08; 
various  sums  were  also  sent  from  time  to  time  to  the 
"  Ladies'  Anti-Slavery  Society,"  societies  for  the  aid  of 
the  blacks,  and  to  other  bodies  of  temporary  demand 
and  supply. 

Among  boxes  sent  occasionally  to  designated  com- 
panies, by  personal  friends,  one  addressed  to  Capt.  C. 
W.  Sawyer  at  Hilton  Head,  for  the  Fourth  Regiment, 
contained  seventy-four  parcels,  in  which  were  "119 
towels,  29  shirts,  27  pillow-cases,  19  sheets,  5  pairs  of 
drawers,  3  pairs  of  stockings  and  50  pinflats."  Similar 
boxes  went  at  intervals  from  all  the  towns,  beside  sup-  ' 
plies  forwarded  through  the  organized  societies,  and 
sums  of  money  to  be  expended  by  reliable  people  at 
headquarters,  among  whom  were  the  lamented  Senator 
Edward  Ashton  Rollins,  Mr.  M.  G.  Emery,  treasurer  at 
Washington  for  the  New  Hampshire  Soldiers'  Aid  So- 
ciety, Col.  James  D.  Stevens,  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  same,  Cols.  Larkin  D.  Mason,  Robert  R.  Cor- 


262  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

son,  Frank  E.  Howe,  and  others  equally  willing  and 
interested  in  work  for  the  troops  from  their  native  State. 

President  Lincoln's  "circular  endorsement"  of  Sept. 
30,  1861,  was  a  draft  on  the  patriotic  endeavors  of 
women  which  was  honored  at  sight.  During  1862  there 
were  collected  for  distribution  by  the  headquarters  of 
the  State  Aid  Society,  at  Concord,  552  quilts,  2004  bed- 
'  sacks,  1127  sheets,  an  unrecorded  number  of  pillow 
cases,  1919  cotton  and  818  woollen  shirts,  882  woollen 
drawers,  2063  pairs  of  stockings,  3905  towels  and  nap- 
kins, 4705  handkerchiefs,  and  21,768  barrels  and  jars 
of  miscellaneous  contents,  beside  $3,292.81  in  cash,  a 
fourth  part  of  which  was  used  in  the  purchase  of  flan- 
nel in  response  to  calls  from  Dr.  Howe,  Mr.  Olmstead, 
and  others  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Commission. 

With  articles  forwarded  to  troops,  went  often  little 
notes  from  the  contributors,  many  of  whom  were  chil- 
dren. Comfort  bags  filled  with  pins,  needles,  combs, 
court-plaster,  buttons,  thread,  and  the  like,  would  con- 
tain also  a  word  of  goodwill  and  cheer.  Sometimes  a 
most  pathetic  note  would  explain  that  the  writer's  own 
dear  ones  had  fallen  in  battle,  or  had  died  elsewhere, 
and  that  their  garments  left  at  home  were  now  sent  to 
benefit  a  comrade.  And  when  envelopes,  already 
stamped,  went  forth  like  the  dove  of  old,  they  seldom 
failed  to  come  back  with  olive-branches,  thus  producing 
several  romantic  associations  and  marriages,  "when 
Johnny  came  marching  home." 

Hon.  A.  S.  Batchellor  of  Littleton  has  kindly  fur- 
nished a  few  copies  of  friendly  letters  sent  by  soldiers 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  263 

to  different  New  Hampshire  towns,  from  which  the  fol- 
lowing passages  are  quoted. 

"  Dear  Madame  :  I  received  a.  most  welcome  present 
through  the  N.  H.  Aid  Society,  which  you  sent — a  pair 
of  nice  stockings.  I  received  a  severe  wound  in  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  which  left  me  with  a  ball 
lodged  in  my  left  lung,  and  now  I  count  four  months  in 
hospital ;  I  have  received  many  kind  words,  and  many 
favors  and  presents  from  the  N.  H.  S.  A.  S.  I  am  per- 
suaded that  whatever  reaches  the  office  is  properly  and 
judiciously  dealt  out  to  the  sick  and  wounded  as  they 

need.   *   *   * 

From  a  soldier,  L.  H.  Caldwell. 

Douglas  Hospital,  Washington,  Apr.  14,  1863." 


"  My  dear  friend  :  If  so  -you  will  allow  me  to  call 
you.  Last  night,  not  being  well,  the  hospital  steward 
gave  me  a  pillow  and  a  nice  quilt  to  put  on  my  bed, 
when  I  perceived  a  note  addressed  to  an  invalid  soldier. 
You  expressed  a  wish  that  whoever  should  receive  it 
would  inform  you  if  it  ever  was  the  means  of  doing  any 
good.  I  will  say  that  it  has  done  a  great  deal  of  good. 
There  are  some,  you  say,  who  would  do  more  if  they 
thought  it  would  ever  benefit  the  soldiers.  I  can  only 
say  to  such,  go  visit  the  military  hospitals  in  and  around 
Washington,  and  see  the  contrast  between  now,  and 
one  year  ago  when  there  was  no  Sanitary  Commission 
and  no  Soldiers'  Aid  Society.  Now,  the  wounded 
have  good  nice  sheets  and  pillows  to  lay  their  distressed 
limbs  upon.  Everything  looks  clean  and  tidy ;  before 


264  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

it  was  the  reverse.     I  would  sayto  you,  go  on  in  the 
noble  way  you  have  begun. 

Yours  truly,  O.  M.  Dame. 
Camp  Second  N.  H.  Vols." 


Among  the  contents  of  a  box  received  by  the  New 
Orleans  office  of  the  Christian  Commission,  was  a 
neatly  made  patch-work  quilt,  the  central  block  repre- 
senting the  flag,  and  in  every  square  was  sewed  a  little 
strip  of  white  cotton  on  which  was  written  in  indelible 
ink  the  name  of  the  maker.  The  quilt  was  entirely  the 
gift  of  little  girls  from  nine  to  thirteen  years  of  age, 
who  had  made  the  squares  and  put  them  together, 
quilting,  in  the  final  stage,  under  the  supervision  of  the 
mothers  who  too  were  working  for  the  soldiers.  If  any 
one  of  those  little  women  chance  to  read  this  page,  she 
may  like  to  know  that  the  quilt  was  bestowed  upon  a 
hard  worked  New  Hampshire  chaplain,  as  a  mutual 
honor.  Receipts  of  different  dates,  signed  by  Isa  E. 
Gray  of  Boston,  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  New 
England  Auxiliary  Association,  attest  the  quick  gener- 
osity of  the  New  Hampshire  towns.  Gifts  thus  ac- 
knowledged had  passed  through  the  hands  of  "  asso- 
ciate managers"  of  the  auxiliary  society,  one  having 
been  assigned  to  every  county.  A  letter  from  Mrs. 
Frances  G.  Whidden,  the  officer  for  StrafFord  county, 
to  Mrs.  G.  N.  Eastman,  secretary  of  the  Farmington 
Ladies  S.  A.  S.,  is  so  expressive  of  the  feeling  of  the 
noble  women  of  New  Hampshire  that  extracts  may . 
properly  be  made. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  265 

"  The  amount  of  good  the  Commissions  have  the 
privilege  of  accomplishing  is  limited  only  by  the  amount 
of  means  entrusted  to  their  care,  and  those  means  must 
come  mainly  through  channels  opened  by  woman's* 
hands,  guided  by  woman's  sympathy  and  untiring  zeal. 
It  is  gratifying  to  know  that  a  vast  deal  of  suffering  has 
been  relieved  through  the  efforts  of  the  women  of  the 
North,  and  yet  all  that  has  been  accomplished  thus  far 
has  been  done  for  the  most  part  in  time  which  it  has 
not  been  a  serious  inconvenience  to  spare,  and  by  con- 
tributions which  have  left  nearly  all  the  comforts,  luxu- 
ries and  elegancies  of  life  to  which  we  have  been 
accustomed.  We  have  doubtless  often  thought  that  if 
we  had  lived  in  the  times  of  our  revolutionary  mothers, 
we  would  have  practiced  self-denial  as  great  as  theirs, 
and  would  have  thrown  ourselves  into  the  cause  as 
bravely  as  the  bravest  of  them.  Yet  we  are  living  in 
times  as  heroic,  and  are  connected  with  a  struggle  as 
momentous  as  theirs.  And  the  women  of  the  South — 
may  we  not  find,  even  in  their  mistaken  zeal,  something ' 
to  emulate.  They  have  not  the  inspiration  of  a  sublime 
idea  like  ours  ;  the  triumph  of  their  cause  would  set 
civilization  backward,  while  our  success  strikes  a  fatal 
blow  at  oppression,  and  brightens  the  prospects  of  hu- 
manity the  world  over.  Shall  we  not  consecrate  to  our 
nobler  cause  a  spirit  as  devoted  and  self-denying  as 
theirs?  Can  any  sacrifices  in  our  power  to  make  ever 
equal  those  of  our  brave  army  in  camp  and  field,  and 
shall  our  footsteps  ever  falter  in  following,  with  our 
hearts  full  of  pity,  on  their  weary  blood-stained  path?" 


266  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Every  town  history  published  since  the  war  makes  it 
plain  that  the  women  of  New  Hampshire  were  pre- 
eminent in  hearty  devotion  to  their  country  ;  idleness, 
self-indulgence  and  trifling  amusements  were  at  a  dis- 
count during  the  Rebellion,  and  even  necessary  recrea- 
tion was  made  subservient  to  national  needs,  all  manner 
of  village  fairs  and  "  levees"  giving  their  results  to  the 
soldier.  In  one  of  these  entertainments  gotten  up  by 
the  ladies  of  Rochester  so  late  as  1864,  among  its  at- 
tractions was  an  Old  Folks'  Concert,  conducted  by  Col. 
C.  S.  Whitehouse,  and  the  net  receipts  of  $284.00 
were  devoted  to  the  army. 

All  over  the  State  every  record  but  swells  the  tale  of 
loyalty,  willing  sacrifice  and  indefatigable  labor,  from 
the  self-denial  of  the  baby  who  pressed  her  best  loved 
dolly  upon  an  embarrassed  drummer  boy,  to  those  like 
the  matron  of  Barrington,  who  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
nine  knit  woollen  stockings  to  warm  some  marching 
man's  chilled  and  swollen  feet. 

Humanity,  although  "  mighty  prevalent,"  is  not  of 
one  type  individually ;  while  agonies  of  separation  and 
bereavement  wrung  tender  hearts  that  took  no  note  of 
their  material  difficulties,  there  were  those  who  could 
express  their  sorrow  when  left  behind  only  in  some 
such  way  as  indicated  in  this  incident ;  a  company  of 
enlisted  men  having  been  at  their  homes  for  that  short 
furlough  given  to  all  after  they  were  put  in  uniform  and 
mustered  in,  were  at  the  railway  station  of  a  country 
town,  waiting  for  their  train,  and  their  wives  and  other 
friends  were  naturally  tearful,  while  well  known  citi- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  267 

zens  went  here  and  there  with  words  of  sympathy. 
"You  must  think  what  a  joyful  day  it  will  be  when  Bob 
comes  home  again,"  said  a  prominent  officer  soon  to 
leave  his  own  family,  to  a  woman  whose  sighs  were 
both  loud  and  deep,  "  of  course  you  feel  bad  now,  but 
we  all — "  "Yes,  boohoo,  boohoo,  I've  got  ter  take 
care  uv  the  cow  rn  pig  all  alone  now."  Without  doubt 
she  took  good  care  of  the  cow  and  the  pig,  and  was 
helped  faithfully  by  the  children,  for  the  families  of 
soldiers  were  few,  who  proved  unworthy  of  their  honor- 
able condition  as  aids,  however  indirectly,  of  the 
national  welfare. 

Not  all  women  are  meant  to  stay  at  home,  however 
modest  and  retiring  of  disposition ;  and  because  of 
strong  conviction,  or  led  by  circumstances  to  take  up 
duties  in  hospital  and  camp,  or  among  law-makers, 
there  were  not  found  wanting  among  the  daughters  of 
New  Hampshire  those  possessed  .of  the  admirable  qual- 
ities which  make  undertakings  successful  and  merito- 
rious. 

Youthful  enthusiasm  inspired  some  patriotic  desires 
which  could  not  well  be  gratified,  as  when  Miss  Marilla 
M.  Young  of  Alton,  now  the  well  known  lawyer  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  Mrs.  M.  M.  Ricker  and  Miss 
Maria  Durgin  of  Gilmanton,  offered  themselves  as  sol- 
diers, to  a  recruiting  office  in  the  former  town.  But 
their  loyal  fervor  found  other  and  better  ways  in  which 
to  aid  the  cause  of  their  country.  Miss  Durgin's  father 
will  be  remembered  as  one  of  those  who  could  both 
pray  and  fight  well,  as  he  was  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Durgin, 


268  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Captain  of  Co.  B,  Twelfth  N.  H.  Vols.,  who  was  fear- 
fully wounded  and  left  for  dead  on  a  battle-field,  but  was 
saved  by  a  Confederate  brother  Free  Mason.  He  is  now 
dead,  and  the  gifted  daughter  has  been  educating  her 
children  in  Paris. 

Now  and  then  wives  of  enlisted  men  went  to  the  front 
as  laundresses,  on  account  of  both  patriotism  and  wifely 
devotion.  Those  who  accompanied  the  First  Regi- 
ment to  Virginia  opened  the  ball  with  a  comical  dance. 
Horrible  and  extraordinary  sounds  broke  hideously 
upon  their  first  sleep  in  camp  beyond  Washington,  and 
the  alarmed  women  sprang  up  and  out,  believing  the 
Confederates  with  expert  Rebel  yells,  were  upon  them  ; 
but  it  was  only  a  chorus  of  lively  mules,  for  which  the 
horses  of  the  regiment  had  been  exchanged  on  making 
camp. 

Authorities  disagree  as  to  the  birth-place  of  the  re- 
markable superintendent  of  army  nursesr  Dorothea  Dix, 
and  the  honor  is  given  now  to  Massachusetts,  and  now 
to  New  Hampshire,  but  her  name  and  fame  belong  to 
the  whole  country. 

Of  those  heroic  and  devoted  women  who  went  from 
happy  homes  and  loving  friends  to  endure  the  distres- 
ses of  army  hospitals  in  town  or  camp,  or  on  the  bat- 
tle-field, Miss  Harriet  P.  Dame  of  Concord  is  perhaps 
the  most  widely  know  as  belonging  to  New  Hampshire, 
and  her  experiences  are  a  type  of  those  of  her  un- 
named peers.  She  accompanied  the  Second  Regiment 
to  the  Potomac  in  June,  1861,  as  a  volunteer  nurse, 
and  it  is  said. that  no  military  organization  from  the 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  269 

State  failed  to  share  her  faithful  attention.  Of  great 
energy  and  conscientiousness,  of  spotless  character  and 
reputation,  her  service  was  an  honor  to  the  nation  and 
to  all  womankind.  At  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
she  was  captured  while  caring  for  the  wounded,  and 
taken  to  the  headquarters  of  Gen.  Stonewall  Jackson  ; 
but  he  ordered  Her  release  and  she  was  returned  to  her 
regiment  on  the  next  day.  Major  Cooper  said  that  at 
the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks  "a  twelve  pound  shot  passed 
through  her  little  tent,  but  did  not  drive  her  from  her 
duties.  Her  name  should  be  registered  in  the  archives 
of  our  State,  in  letters  of  gold,  that  it  may  be  handed 
down  to  posterity  as  that  of  a  fitting  embodiment  of  the 
patriotic  devotion  of  the  women  of  America."  Miss 
Dame  has  continued  her  kindness  to  her  regiment,  in 
all  possible  ways,  up  to  the  present  time,  and  no  more 
heartfelt  applause  is  heard  at  soldiers'  reunions,  than 
that  which  greets  the  mention  of  her  name,  and  the 
sight  of  her  face  as  it  smiles  cheerily  upon  her 
"boys." 

Another  who  went  forward  as  nurse,  at  the  signal  of 
duty,  is  Miss  Sarah  Low  of  Dover.  Blessed  with  all 
that  the  world  can  give  to  make  life  a  pleasure,  this  ac- 
complished young  lady  left  a  cultured  and  distinguished 
family  circle,  and  a  home  filled  with  treasures  and 
associations  of  a  historic  past,  in  a  noble  oldjiousejt 


had  known  Washington  among  its  guests,  and  took  up 
the  burdened  routine  of  faithful  hospital  cares.  It  is 
said  that  when  strangers  in  the  national  capital  wished 
to  go  through  a  hospital,  some  one  was  sure  to  say 


iS 


270  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

"You  must  not  fail  to  visit  the  Armory  Square;  it  is 
kept  with  marvellous  and  exquisite  neatness,  under  the 
supervision  of  Miss  Low  of  New  Hampshire."  And 
only  those  who  have  waged  war  with  arrogant,  careless, 
incompetent  people  such  as  appear  as  exceptions  to 
rules,  in  all  public  places,  and  with  crowded  conditions 
of  illness  and  wounds,  can  form  an  idea  of  what  it 
means  to  keep  a  military  hospital  in  that  fashion,  during 
active  hostilities  between  immense  armies. 

Beside  experience  of  the  nurses,  and  the  watchful 
cfare  kept  up  by  New  Hampshire  women  placed  by  cir- 
cumstances near  the  seat  of  war,  like  Miranda  B. 
Swain,  now  the  widow  of  Hon.  Thomas  L.  Tullock, 
"  whose  devotion  to  our  wounded  soldiers  during  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  is  gratefully  remembered  through- 
out the  State ;"  like  Mrs.  Julia  J.  Duncan,  now  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  or  the  wife  of  Col.  James  D.  Stevens, 
or  Mrs.  Rollins,  the  late  lovely  "  E.  H.  Arr,"  a  vast 
amount  of  good  was  done  by  daughters  of  the  State, 
resident  in  distant  localities,  permanently  or  tempora- 
rily ;  and  there  must  have  been  many  loyal  •  laborers 
who  were  children  of  New  Hampshire  people,  like  the 
famous  Mrs.  Frances  Dana  Gage  of  Ohio,  whose  father 
was  Joseph  Barker  of  the  elder  State. 

Miss  H.  A.  Adams,  in  the  service  of  the  soldiers  of 
the  Union,  and  of  their  families,  from  the  beginning 
of  the  war-until  near  its  close,  was  born  in  Fitzwilliam, 
N.  H.,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Monadnock,  and  grew  up 
in  the  midst  of  the  noble  influences  of  the  hills.  Her 
father  gave  to  her  a  good  education,  and  when  a  pre- 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  271 

disposition  to  consumption  led  her  westward  for  a  more 
beneficial  climate  than  that  of  New  England  she  found 
a  place  as  teacher  in  one  of  the  schools  of  St.  Louis, 
where  she  had  relatives.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war 
the  Board  of  Education,  whose  members  were  mostly 
secessionists,  diverted  the  school  fund  from  its  legiti- 
mate uses,  and  all  the  New  England  teachers  were  dis- 
missed at  the  close  of  the  term,  in  1861.  This  only 
excited  the  loyalty  of  the  New  Hampshire  girl,  and 
when  a  Union  Ladies'  Aid  Society  was  formed,  she  be- 
came its  Secretary,  filling  the  office  with  untiring  indus- 
try for  over  three  years.  In  the  Autumn  of  1863,  her 
only  brother  died  in  the  Federal  service,  and  her  jour- 
ney to  the  hospital  where  he  had  been  under  surgical 
treatment  intensified  her  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
army. 

Her  duties  were  many  and  arduous  ;  Missouri  was  a 
battle-ground  during  the  first  year  of  the  war,  and  the 
large  St.  Louis  hospitals  cared  for  twenty  thousand 
men  in  that  time,  causing  the  members  of  the  Union 
Society,  concurring  with  the  Sanitary  Commission,  to 
be  in  continual  requisition,  so  that  Miss  Adams  was 
doubly  efficient,  visiting  the  wards  beside  attending  to 
the  increasing  duty  of  her  office.  In  the  Winter  of 
1863-4  she  went  to  Nashville  and  established  there  a 
special  diet  kitchen,  securing  also  the  opening  of  hos- 
pitals to  female  nurses.  Her  persuasive  manner,  wom- 
anly grace  and  refinement,  and  good  sense  overcame 
previous  prejudice  of  the  army  surgeons  with  regard  to 
the  methods  she  advocated,  and  her  wishes  were  carried 


272  FIR S T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

out.     In  June,  1865,  she   was   married  to   Mr.  Morris 
Collins  of  St.  Louis. 

Barrington  furnished  one  of  the  ablest  workers  in  the 
Civil  War,  in  the  person  of  Elizabeth  Smith  Babcock, 
wife  of  Dr.  Moses  C.  Lathrop  of  Dover.  While  her 
husband  was  acting  as  surgeon  in  the  army,  Mrs.  Lath- 
rop went  to  Iowa  to  remain  with  relatives,  and  from 
1861  to  the  close  of  the  war  was  active  in  good  works, 
establishing  soldiers'  aid  societies,  visiting  hospitals, 
and  collecting  funds  for  what  became,  later,  Orphans' 
Homes.  Her  special  interest  in  sanitary  needs,  beyond 
that  felt  naturally  by  the  loyal  wife  of  an  army  sur- 
geon, was  aroused  by  that  magnificent  type  of  Ameri- 
can womanhood,  Mrs.  Livermore,  to  whose  fine  mem- 
ory and  willing  courtesy,  in  the  midst  of  her  busy  and 
helpful  life,  I  am  beholden  for  gifts  of  reminiscence. 
Printed  circulars  were  sent  to  the  post  office  at  Cedar 
Falls,  Black  Hawk  Co.,  Iowa,  where  Mrs.  Lathrop 
then  was,  with  instructions  from  Mrs.  Livermore  as  to 
their  distribution  among  patriotic  ladies  of  the  vicinity  ; 
Mrs.  Lathrop  became  so  deeply  interested  and  worked 
so  nobly  that  Mrs.  Livermore  wrote  to  her  with  a  re- 
quest that  she  would  assist  in  getting  up  the  first 
Chicago  fair,  whose  wonderful  story  is  told  in  the  vol- 
ume recently  given  to  the  public  by  her  who  conceived 
its  plan  ;  the  Northwestern  Sanitary  Commission  .was 
under  Mrs.  Livermore  as  president,  and  Mrs.  Lathrop 
was  vice  president.  The  latter  travelled  in  twenty- 
seven  counties  of  Iowa,  organizing  soldiers'  aid  socie- 
ties, often  riding  all  night  in  a  stage-coach,  where  no 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  273 

railroads  were,  catching  such  sleep  as  she  could,  and, 
calling  herself  rested  and  refreshed,  would  arrive  at 
her  destination,  and  go  at  once  to  work  with  the  patri- 
otic women  gathered  together,  to  devise  the  most  prac- 
ticable means  of  aid  to  the  army. 

The  local  societies  thus  formed  kept  her  advised  of 
their  progres-s  and  their  wants,  fourteen  or  fifteen  letters 
coming  sometimes  in  one  day,  all  asking  the  same 
question,  "  How  shall  we  raise  money?"  and  the  replies 
were  as  various  as  Mrs.  Lathrop's  ingenuity  could 
invent.  A  favorite  method  of  obtaining  funds  in  West- 
ern towns  was  the  getting  up  of  a  bean-soup  supper,  or 
one  of  mush  and  milk,  and  these  wholesome  tables 
were  attended  by  large  crowds,  ready  to  give  what 
they  could,  for  the  needs  of  troops. 

At  last  there  came  a  request  for  vegetables  of  every 
description  to  be  forwarded  to  Chicago,  as  scurvy  had 
broken  out  in  the  army,  and  great  credit  is  due  Mrs. 
Lathrop  in  this  connection,  for  by  her  personal  effort 
were  sent  two  carloads  of  potatoes,  six  barrels  of  onions 
and  six  barrels  of  pickled  cabbage  (not  sauer-kraut) 
beside  all  sorts  of  minor  vegetables,  while  many,  in 
place  of  those,  contributed  poultry  and  eggs  which  were 
sold  for  cash  to  partly  defray  necessary  expenses.  A 
novel  plan  for  raising  more  money,  here  suggested  itself; 
a  hundred  invitations  were  written,  and  sent  to  as  many 
gentlemen,  asking  them  to  be  present  with  their  ladies 
on  a  certain  evening,  at  a  hall  designated,  which  was 
furnished  free.  Oysters  and  coffee  were  served  on  the 
presentation  of  tickets  sold  at  a  dollar  apiece,  the  end 


274  flffS  T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

in  view  being  announced  as  the  paying  of  the  expense 
of  packing  and  transporting  vegetables  to  the  boys  in 
blue.  The  invited  guests  came  promptly,  and  in  this 
way  all  bills  were  paid,  with  a  balance  over  of  fourteen 
dollars  which  helped  to  pay  Mrs.  Lathrop's  board. 
For  all  her  great  services  during  the  war,  she  received 
pay  only  about  a  third  of  the  time.  Indeed,  the  twelve 
dollars  a  month  allowed  to  nurses  was  never  an  induce- 
ment to  the  able  and  noble  women  who  went  forth  to 
be  useful,  for  disinterestedness  was  the  order  of  the  day 
in  every  direction. 

A  note  from  Mrs.  Livermore  says,  "  Mrs.  Dr.  Lathrop 
did  a  great  work  in  gathering  supplies  in  Iowa.  I  shall 
never  fosget  a  stage-ride  I  took  with  her  and  other 
women  as  companions.  We  rode  from  Marshalltown 
to  Des  Moines  in  a  mud-spanker,  for  there  was  no  rail- 
road, and  the  journey  lasted  from  3  p.  m.  until  break- 
fast time  next  morning.  We  went  to  Des  Moines  to 
organize  and  get  started  into  active  work  the  State 
Sanitary  Commission  of  Iowa.  Mrs.  Lathrop  was  a 
power  for  good." 

The  name  Bethlehem  is  always  associated  in  the 
Christian  mind  with  blessing.  The  little  town  bearing 
the  ancient  name,  among  the  New  Hampshire  hills, 
should  be  held  in  grateful  remembrance  by  every  maimed 
and  disabled  veteran  who  has  found  comfortable  shelter 
in  a  national  military  asylum,  for  to  the  persistent,  un- 
tiring, self-sacrificing  efforts  of  a  Bethlehem  girl,  almost 
entirely,  the  Nation  owes  the  establishing  of  such 
homes. 


FIRS T  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  275 

Delphine  P.  Baker  was  born  in  Bethlehem  in  1828, 
where  she  lived  during  her  early  youth.  Her  parents 
seem  to  have  been  of  strong  intellect,  and  to  have  pos- 
sessed qualities  which  endowed  the  daughter  with  un- 
common ability.  Without  belonging  to  any  party  or 
clique,  Miss  Baker  had  devoted  herself,  for  several 
years  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  to  the 
advancement  of  woman,  desiring  to  see  her  sex  in  the 
enjoyment  of  the  fullest  mental  development,  and  to 
this  end  she  had  travelled  in  many  Western  States, 
giving  lectures,  and  consequently  making  her  acquaint- 
ance extensive.  In  1861  she  was  in  Chicago,  and  soon 
had  a  large  share  in  the  mighty  work  of  the  women  of 
that  city,  in  all  ways  compatible  with  a  lack  of  health, 
long  public  labor  having  impaired  her  strength.  It  was 
not  long  before  she  began  to  keep  constantly  before  the 
people  the  need  of  a  national  home  for  those  who  had 
become  unable,  in  their  service  to  the  country,  to  pro- 
vide for  themselves.  To  this  end  she  wrote,  travelled, 
enlisted  the  aid  of  friends,  and  importuned  Congress. 
She  gave  herself  no  rest  and  flinched  at  no  privation, 
although  she  met  opposition,  false  promises,  hypocriti- 
cal advice,  and  disheartening  delays ;  but  at  last  her 
courage  was  rewarded.  Three  days  before  the  adjourn- 
ment of  Congress,  E[enry_Wilson,  the  New  Hampshire 
born  chairman  of  the  Senate  committee  on  military 
affairs,  introduced  in  the  Senate  the  bill  providing  for 
the  making  of  the  national  asylum,  which  passed  by  a 
large  vote  of  both  houses  and  was  signed  by  President 
Lincoln.  The  good  President  did  not  know  that  his 


276  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

own  funeral  services  would  prevent  the  meeting  of  cor- 
porators necessary  to  'the  asylum's  success.  '  Miss 
Baker  persisted  in  her  hard  labor  of  persuasion  and 
legislation  until  the  desire  of  her  heart  was  accom- 
plished beyond  dispute. 

Mrs.  Livermore  says  "  Miss  Baker  was  really  the 
first  person  who  broached  the  subject  of  National 
Homes  for  disabled  and  indigent  soldiers.  She  agita- 
ted the  matter  persistently  in  public  and  private,  went 
to  Washington  to  live,  and  allowed  Congress  no  peace 
until  a  bill  was  passed  which  provided  homes  for  dis- 
abled veterans  of  the  army  and  navy.  Henry  Wilson, 
when  vice  president,  told  me  that  to  Miss  Baker  was 
due  the  honor  of  originating  that  bill,  getting  it  before 
Congress,  and  lobbying  it  through  successfully.  It  was 
a  great  thing  to  do.  It  was  an  amazing  work.  *  *  * 
Both  Miss  Adams  and  Miss  Baker  were  remarkable, 
and  very  prominent  women  during  the  war.  I  knew 
them  both,  and  worked  with  them,  as  with  Mrs. 
Lathrop.  They  were  grand  women." 

Late  in  1888  there  passed  away  Miss  Melinda  Ran- 
kin,  who  was  the  first  Protestant  missionary  to  Mexico. 
She  was  born  of  excellent  parentage  of  Scotch  origin, 
March  21,  1811,  in  Littleton,  N.  H.,  to  which  town 
her  grandfather  came  from  Glasgow,  and  where  the 
family  occupied  a  prominent  position.  After  losses  of 
property  of  their  father  in  1840,  Miss  Rankin  and  two 
sisters  venturously  went  West  hoping  to  earn  money  in 
teaching,  to  replace  the  family  fortunes,  which  they 
did,  making  their  father's  last  days  full  of  peace.  The 


FIR S T  NEW  HA MPSHIRE.  277 

sisters  married,  but  Melinda  continued  to  teach,  and 
was  in  Mississippi  when  the  Mexican  war  closed.  A 
most  interesting  account  of  her  feeling  herself  called  of 
God  to  go  to  Mexico,  and  her  subsequent  experiences, 
has  been  written  by  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Rankin,  D.  D.,  but 
obviously  may  not  be  recounted  here.  Teaching  a  suc- 
cessful school  which  she  had  founded  at  Brownsville, 
Texas,  directly  opposite  Matamoras  in  Mexico,  when 
the  civil  war  began,  she  was  commanded  in  the  course 
of  time,  by  a  Presbyterian  minister,  to  give  the  keys  of 
.her  seminary  up  to  him  because  she  was  "  not  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  Southern  Confederacy,  and  was  in  com- 
munication with  a  country  called  the  United  States." 
She  however  remained  until  she  was  about  to  be  ejected 
by  force  ;  she  then  crossed  the  river  to  Matamoras,  and 
continued  teaching  until  1863  when  she  succeeded  in 
getting  through  the  lines  to  New  Orleans  where  she  did 
a  great  deal  of  hospital  work,  assisted  by  two  neices. 
They  found  one  day,  among  the  wounded,  one  soldier 
from  Littleton,  which  was  a  joyful  surprise  on  both 
sides.  Beside  all  her  beneficent  labor  for  the  soldiers' 
suffering  in  the  defence  of  her  native  land,  she  was  for 
twenty  years  the  most  prominent  Protestant  power  in  all 
Mexico. 

Permission  has  been  given  to  quote  a  letter  from  ex- 
councillor  A.  S.  Batchellor  of  Littleton,  which,  beside 
being  a  son's  loving  tribute  to  his  mother,  gives  an  ac- 
count of  a  pathetic  experience  such  as  thousands  upon 
thousands  of  women  were  called  upon  to  bear  during 
the  four  years  between  1861  and  1866.  Indeed,  when 


278  FIRST  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

one  thinks  of  the  multitudes  that  sleep,  like  the  sons  of 
Sparta,  because,  obedient  to  law,  they  fought  and  fell, 
it  seems  only  wonderful  that  women  have  been  enabled 
to  live  to  cherish  the  memory  of  those  beloved  ones 
given  bravely  to  sustain  the  majesty  of  the  Nation. 
Some  thus  bereaved  have  tried  to  find  consolation  in 
attention  to  the  needs  and  advancement  of  the  living, 
in  various  ways,  of  both  private  and  public  nature ; 
some  have  walked  alone  in  silent  sorrow  all  their  days  ; 
and  some,  as  death  has  approached  them,  have  left 
tangible  tokens  of  their  remembrance  of  patriotism,  in 
directions  for  the  increase  of  -hospital  funds,  or  the 
erection  of  "soldiers'  monuments."  But  throughout 
all  the  years  since  two  great  Generals  met  at  the  little 
Virginia  village,  the  one  to  offer,  the  other  to  receive 
and  return  a  sword,  the  great  consoling  thought  has 
been  that  to  those  who  died  for  America  there  came  the 
noblest  of  destinies  ;  and  the  great  beckoning  hope  has 
been  that  of  a  glorious  immortality  for  all  God's  crea- 
tures. 

From  the  letter  mentioned  is  quoted,  "My  brother, 
Charles  W.  Batchellor,  was  a  soldier  of  the  Thirteenth 
N.  H.  Vols.  The  organization  was  formed  in  the  Sum- 
mer of  1862.  Before  starting  for  the  seat  of  war  the 
men  were  given  a  few  days'  furlough,  and  most  of  them 
invited  friends  to  go  to  Concord  and  see  the  regiment 
start  on  its  hazardous  mission.  My  brother  desired 
our  mother  to  go  to  Concord  and  observe  the  martial 
spectacle,  but  she  said  'No  ;  I  will  bid  you  good-bye 
here  at  our  own  door ;  but  remember  that  if  harm  befalls 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  279 

you  I  shall  go  to  you  wherever  you  may  be.'  He  was 
fatally  wounded  at  Kingsland's  Creek  in  May  1864.  A 
physician,  a  relative  of  the  family,  went  to  him  at  the 
hospital  at  Point  Lookout,  but  returned  on  account  of 
the  injurious  effect  of  the  climate.  My  mother,  although 
fifty-five  years  old,  then  made  ^ood  her  promise  and 
went,  in  spite  of  the  warnings  of  all  who  knew  the  dan- 
gers, straight  to  her  son.  She  stood  by  his  cot  and 
nursed  him  until  he  died ;  she  embalmed  his  body  and 
brought  him  back  to  be  buried  with  his  kindred.  My 
mother  did  but  what  hundreds  of  other  mothers  did ; 
their  service  was  not  conspicuous,  but  it  is  neverthe- 
less in  my  opinion  worthy  of  a  place  in  the  story  of  that 
heroic  period." 

And  every  loyal  heart  will  quickly  respond  in  sympa- 
thy with  the  sentiment  of  her  son  concerning  the  cour- 
age and  devotion  of  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Batchellor,  and  of 
her  sisters  in  sorrow.  The  lady  named  seldom  refers 
to  her  painful  experience  without  expressing  high  com- 
mendation of  the  Roman  Catholic  Sisters  who,  "as 
nurses,  served  the  sick  and  wounded  in  that  hospital  as 
only  devoted,  self-sacrificing  women  could  do." 

Unwarranted  by  the  rules  of  their  church  in  making 
their  names  public,  gratitude  for  the  skill  and  tender- 
ness and  quiet  zeal  common  among  them  can  be  offered 
to  the  Sisters  of  the  Catholic  church  only  as  to  a  class, 
but  appreciation  of  their  patient  labors,  as  of  those  of 
their  Protestant  fellows,  is  a  feeling  shared  by  all  who 
have  been  blessed  by  their  ministrations  and  cheered  by 
their  presence,  even  in  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death. 


280  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

/S    , 


wife  of  a  Captain  hastened  to  receive  what  she 
knew  would  be  the  last  good-bye  of  her  husband,  who 
lay  on  a  transport  in  the  Potomac,  horribly  torn  by  a 
shell  in  a  way  of  which  she  never  knew.  Alas  !  she 
passed  him  as  she  went  down  the  river,  the  boat  on 
which  he  had  been  placed  having  been  unexpectedly 
started  toward  Washington,  and  when  she  came  back, 
wild  with  anxious  distress,  he  was  dead.  But  she 
brought  home  with  her  a  pitiable  little  black  girl  who 
had  been  left  destitute  in  Virginia,  and  with  care  and 
patience  taught  her  to  be  a  true  and  good  woman,  and 
a  most  capable  housekeeper.  The  kind  act  in  the  midst 
of  her  grief  bore  constant  reward  in  both  the  faithful 
service  she  received  from  "Lucy,"  and  the  conscious- 
ness that  by  her  careful  training  she  had  made  the 
world  the  better,  for  the  honest  black  girl's  presence  in 
it  ;  and  when  incurable  disease  seized  upon  her,  it  was 
Lucy  whose  love  never  failed  her,  and  it  is  Lucy  who 
keeps  the  lonely  home  in  its  wholesome  accustomed 
order.  •  Sometimes  happier  fortunes  awaited  those  hurry- 
ing women  who  sought  from  camp  to  camp,  or  town  to 
town,  for  lover,  husband,  or  kinsman  ;  a  young  lady 
went  alone  to  Fortress  Monroe  to  find  an  invalid  broth- 
er, and  never  rested  until  she  obtained  a  discharge  from 
service  which  one  of  his  inherited  constitution  should 
never  have  undertaken  to  perform.  In  the  quiet  New 
Hampshire  home  his  strength  returned,  in  a  measure, 
and  he  was  a  useful  and  respected  citizen  until  the  Win- 
ter of  1885,  when  he  followed  the  call  of  the  white 
captain  of  the  silent  majority. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  281 

The  children  of  the  Granite  State  are  found  in  every 
quarter  of  the  globe.  Of  those  who  were  across  the 
sea  during  the  Civil  War  it  is  impracticable  to  speak  in 
this  connection,  but  there  was  hardly  a  seceded  State 
which  was  without  a  New  Hampshire  woman  who  had 
called  it  home,  and  kind  consent  has  been  given  by 
Mrs!_JJ_F._Woodward  now  of  Wakefield,  Mass.,  for 
the  transcription  of  a  letter  from  her,  containing  a  few 
of  her  experiences  in  and  near  Atlanta,  as  representa- 
tive of  similar  reminiscences  of  other  ladies.  Mrs. 
Woodward,  then  Miss  Stevens,  was  associated  with  her 
sister  and  brother-in-law  in  a  private  school  established 
by  the  latter,  Mr.  Niles,  who  was  a  native  of  Vermont, 
but  with  other  members  of  his  family  had  been  for 
years  a  resident  of  Georgia. 

"At  the  time  the  war  broke  out  I  was  teaching  in  At- 
lanta where  I  remained,  in  the  family  of  my  sister  Mrs. 
S.  D.  Niles,  until  we  were  driven  from  our  home  by 
the  army.  We  then  went  to  Jonesborough,  about 
twenty-five  miles  below  there,  on  a  plantation,  three 
miles  off  the  Macon  Railroad,  where  we  thought  we 
were  out  of  the  way  of  the  troops,  but  one  day,  as  my 
sister  and  I  were  out  riding,  a  gentleman  stopped  us 
and  asked  if  we  knew  that  '  Sherman's  army  is  with- 
in three  miles  of  us,  and  will  be  here  early,  in  the 
morning.'  We  replied  that  we  did  not,  but  I  assure 
you  we  lost  no  time  in  getting  home  and  making  prep- 
aration for  receiving  Sherman's  men.  We  supposed 
that  they  were  going  to  pass  through,  and  would  sweep 
everything  as  they  went.  My  brother-in-law  was  away, 


282  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

so  there  was  no  one  on  the  plantation  except  my  sister 
and  myself  and  the  servants.  After  it  was  dark  enough 
so  the  negroes  could  not  -see  what  we  were  doing,  we 
took  all  our  best  clothing,  silver,  and  all  the  provision 
we  could  get  hold  of,  and  carried  them  about  half  a 
mile  to  an  old  dry  well,  in  which  we  buried  them,  tak- 
ing care  to  put  leaves,  brush,  and  the  like,  over  the 
place,  so  that  no  one  would  suspect  what  we  had  done  ; 
our  money  we  buried  in  another  place. 

"We  slept  little  that  night ;  when  the  morning  dawned 
we  could  see  distinctly  in  the  distance  the  coming  of  the 
army.  Gen.  Hood's  Confederate  forces  were  encamped 
all  about  us,  and  had  been  fortifying  for  several  days. 

"  Hood  sent  out  a  force  to  meet  the  advancing  lines. 
We  could  see  them  fight  and  then  fall  back,  the  Fed- 
erals constantly  gaining  ground,  until  we  found  that 
they  were  upon  us.  Gen.  Sherman  and  his  Staff 
camped  in  our  yard,  and  as  far  as  the  eye  could  see 
there  was  nothing  but  tents  and  soldiers.  To  our  sur- 
prise we  learned  that  the  Federals  had  come  to  stay,  at 
least  until  they  could  tear  up  the  Macon  railroad,  thereby 
cutting  off  supplies,  and  in  that  way  could  get  posses- 
sion of  Atlanta.  They  had  been  shelling  the  city 
without  avail,  for  weeks. 

"  As  soon  as  we  found  that  they  were  to  remain  with 
us  we  asked  for  a  guard  for  our  doors,  and  that  they 
would  see  that  our  property  should  remain  unmolested. 
At  first  the  request  was  refused,  but  as  soon  as  they 
learned  that  we  were  Yankees  and  not  Southern  sympa- 
thizers, they  placed  a  guard  at  every  outer  door,  and  at 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  283 

our  request  they  dug  up  the  treasures  which  we  had 
buried,  and  did  not  allow  anything  in  the  house  to  be 
disturbed,  but  everything  outside  had  to  go  —  the  cattle, 
horses,  hens,  bucks,  turkeys,  fields  of  sweet  potatoes, 
and,  in  fact,  everything  disappeared. 

"  After  remaining  there  one  week  and  tearing  up  the 
railroad,  thereby  getting  possession  of  Atlanta,  they 
moved  back,  allowing  my  sister  and  her  family  to  move 
back  with  the  army-train  to  the  city.  I  was  obliged  to 
remain  in  the  Confederacy  to  settle  up  my  brother's 
affairs.  I  had  saved  a  buggy  by  taking  off  the  wheels 
and  carrying  them  upstairs,  and  a  horse  by  locking 
him  into  the  kitchen  ;  with  these  I  expected  to  go  to 
Griffin,  the  nearest  point  to  take  the  cars  for  Macon  and 
Augusta,  but  as  soon  as  the  Federals  left,  the  Confeder- 
ates came  in  and  stole  my  horse  and  the  body  of  my 
buggy.  What  was  I  to  do?  The  railroads  were  torn 
up  and  no  one  was  living  on  the  whole  twenty-five  miles 
that  I  had  to  go  to  take  the  cars.  I  went  into  the  woods 
and  found  a  poor,  discarded  sore-backed  army  horse, 
and  upstairs  I  found  an  old  man's  saddle.  With  these 
I  started,  unattended,  for  Griffin.  It  was  a  journey  I 
should  not  like  to  take  again.  Not  a  person  living  on 
all  that  distance  of  twenty-five  miles  —  nothing  to  be 
seen  but  dead  soldiers  and  horses. 

"  Leaving  my  horse  at  Griffin,  I  took  the  cars  for 
Macon  where  I  remained  one  week,  paying  twenty-five 
dollars  a  day  for  my  board.  From  there  I  went  to 
Augusta,  then  back  to  Griffin,  when  I  had  to  take  my 
horse  and  go  through  to  Atlanta,  a  distance  of  fifty 


284  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

miles.  I  attempted  to  get  a  pass  through  the  lines,  but 
they  were  not  allowing  anyone  to  pass.  When  I  came 
to  the  Confederate  lines  I  passed  without  difficulty,  but 
when  I  tried  the  Federal  lines  all  my  coaxing  and 
pleading  was  of  no  avail.  I  said,  '  I  will  flank  the 
pickets,  for  go  to  Atlanta  I  must.'  They  at  once  took 
me  prisoner.  I  asked  them  to  take  me  to  Gen.  How- 
ard. I  knew  him  well  and  he  had  been  a  good  friend 
to  us  ;  so,  with  a  guard  each  side,  I  was  marched  two 
miles  to  Gen.  Howard's  headquarters,  when  he  dis- 
missed the  guard  and  sent  a  Staff  officer  with  me  to 
where  my  sister  and  her  husband  were  waiting  for  me. 

"  I  disposed  of  my  brother's  property,  getting  the 
money  received  into  gold  (paying  twenty-five  dollars 
for  one),  which  I  concealed  about  my  person,  and 
brought  through  the  lines. 

"  From  Atlanta  all  who  wished  to  come  North  were 
allowed  the  privilege  of  one-third  of  a  freight  car  for 
each  family.  Five  hundred  families  started  with  about 
three  days'  rations,  thinking  that  by  the  time  that 
amount  was  gone  we  should  be  where  we  could  obtain 
more  ;  but  when  we  reached  Chattanooga  the  Federal 
forces  had  torn  up  the  track  above  us  so  that  we  were 
obliged  to  remain  there  ten  days,  living  on  hardtack. 
Then  we  proceeded  to  Johnsonville  where  we  got  plenty 
to  eat,  and  thought  our  troubles  were  over ;  but  when 
gliding  calmly  up  the  river,  all  of  a  sudden  about  a 
hundred  guerrillas  appeared  upon  the  shore  and  com- 
menced firing  into  our  boat.  It  seemed  like  corn 
popping.  There  was  great  excitement  for  a  while ; 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  285 

some  screamed,  some  fainted,  some  prayed,  and  all  got 
down  as  low  as  possible,  behind  trunks  and  other  things. 
I  believe  only  two  were  wounded,  but  the  boat  was 
riddled  with  bullets.  I  think  the  rest  of  the  way  was 
travelled  without  accident  or  incident  worth  recording. 

"  My  nephew  asks  what  I  remember  '  about  hanging 
those  train  robbers.'  It  is  a  great  while  ago  and  is 
not  quite  clear  in  my  mind.  I  recollect  that  my  sister 
was  visiting  a  family  on  the  outskirts  of  Atlanta,  and 
persons  came  in  asking  to  borrow  some  pillow  cases. 
She  asked  what  they  were  going  to  do  with  them,  and 
the  reply  was  that  they  wished  to  draw  them  over  the 
faces  of  men  whom  they  were  about  to  hang  just  oppo- 
site the  house,  in  the  edge  of  the  woods.  I  have  the 
impression  that  there  were  seven,  and  that  they  were 
the  *  bridge-burners.'  Then  there  were  very  many 
shot  about  there,  but  I  cannot  tell  much  about  it. 

"  I  was  in  Atlanta  a  part  of  the  time  when  the  city  was 
being  bombarded,  and  during  the  time,  we  had  to  live 
in  'Bombproofs'  under  ground.  Some  of  the  hardest 
righting  of  the  war  was  near  our  house,  so  that  we  had 
to  get  behind  the  big  trees  and  chimneys  to  keep  the 
bullets  from  hitting  us. 

"  My  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Niles,  had  to  resort  to  every 
conceivable  plan  to  keep  out  of  the  Rebel  service.  He 
had  five  brothers  in  the  Confederate  army  and  two  in 
the  Federal  service." 

The  people  of  mountainous  countries  are  generally  of 
a  lofty  patriotism,  not  so  ardent  in  appearance,  perhaps, 
as  that  of  the  wide  lowlands  which  lie  ever  open  to  the 


286  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

warmer  kiss  of  the  sun,  but  pure,  sincere,  and  of  a 
rugged  inalienable  strength.  Their  gaze  is  drawn  ever 
to  the  heights  and  the  heavens,  and  their  feelings  grow 
to  a  constant  consideration  of  principles  rather  than  of 
persons  save  as  the  latter  are  exponents  of  the  truths  of 
nature  and  its  Creator.  The  sublime  freedom  of  the 
mountains  is  felt  to  be  a  proper  attribute  of  those  who 
dwell  among  them,  and  liberty,  a  noble  thing  far  re- 
moved from  license,  is  as  necessary  to  their  souls  as  is 
the  air  they  breathe  to  their  existence. 

New  Hampshire  has  been  a  commonwealth  always 
distinct  from  other  States  in  nearly  all  its  features, 
material  or  otherwise,  and  her  children  have  received 
of  her  characteristics.  Still,  from  one  cause  or  another, 
it  seems  a  natural  thing  that  all  courses  shall  be  marked 
by  exceptional  instances.  While  the  women  of  the 
State  have  been,  as  a  class,  of  sturdy  devotion  to  the 
Union  as  established  by  their  forefathers,  there  have 
been  a  few  who — honestly,  without  doubt — sympathized 
with  the  secessional  movement  of  the  South.  Certain 
of  these  had  lived  long  below  Mason  and  Dixon's  line, 
while  others,  of  parentage  always  associated  with  a 
political  party  dominated  from  first  to  last,  directly  or 
indirectly,  by  a  Southern  element,  did  not  feel  moved 
to  break  loose  from  the  habit  of  thought  thus  become 
almost  second  nature.  But  it  is  probably  true  that  time 
has  modified  many  former  opinions,  and  that  all  New 
Hampshire  women  now  living,  wherever  they  may  be 
resident,  are  loyal  to  the  flag  of  the  United  States, 
and  to  the  principles  it  represents,  accepting,  with 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  287 

all  its  sorrows,  also  the  blessings,  of  the  Civil  War. 
Women  were  ennobled  and  their  mental  view  made 
large  by  the  experiences  of  the  period  ;  the  mere  fact 
of  correspondence  with  men  then  observing  the  great- 
ness of  the  country  and  its  possibilities,  broadened  the 
minds  of  those  at  home,  while  those  away  from  the 
refining  influences  of  constant  association  with  women, 
were  thus  still  within  a  spiritual  reach.  The  late  Dr. 
Bellows  said:  "Probably  never  in  any  war  in  any 
country  was  there  so  universal  and  specific  an  acquaint- 
ance on  the  part  of  both  men  and  women  with  the  prin- 
ciples at  issue  and  the  interests  at  stake.  Everywhere 
started  up  women  acquainted  with  the  order  of  public 
business,  able  to  call  and  preside  over  public  meetings 
of  their  own  sex,  act  as  secretaries  and  committees, 
draft  constitutions,  keep  accounts  with  precision,  appre- 
ciate system,  conduct  extensive  correspondence,  co- 
operate in  the  largest  and  most  rational  plans  proposed 
by  men  who  studied  their  subjects  carefully,  and  to 
adhere  to  organizations  which  commended  themselves 
to  their  judgment,  in  spite  of  local,  sectarian,  or  per- 
sonal jealousies  or  detractions.  Their  volunteer  labor 
had  all  the  regularity  of  paid  service,  and  a  hearty 
earnestness  which  no  paid  service  can  have.  They 
became  instructors  of  whole  townships  in  the  methods 
of  government  business,  and  they  had  to  bear  in  mind 
the  natural  desire  of  the  auxiliary  societies  for  local 
independence,  yet  to  reconcile  neighborhoods  to  the 
idea  of  being  merged  in  large  generalizations. 


288  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

"The  women  of  the  country  actually  strengthened  the 
sinews  of  war  by  keeping  up  their  own  courage,  and 
that  of  their  households,  under  the  inspiration  of  the 
larger  and  more  public  life,  the  broader  work  and 
greater  field  for  enterprise  and  self-sacrifice  afforded 
them  by  their  direct  labors  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiers. 
They  proved  what  has  again  and  again  been  demon- 
strated, that  what  the  women  of  a  country  resolve  shall 
be  done,  will  and  must  be  done." 

Another  whose  lips  are  forever  closed,  Miss  Abby 
W.  May,  wrote  to  a  friend,  "The  work  in  New  Eng- 
land, incident  to  the  war,  has  been  conducted  with  so 
much  simplicity  and  universal  co-operation  that  there 
have  been  no  persons  specially  prominent  in  it.  Rich 
and  poor,  wise  and  simple,  people  of  all  descriptions, 
all  orders  of  taste,  every  variety  of  habit,  condition, 
and  circumstances,  joined  hands  heartily  in  the  begin- 
ning, and  have  worked  together  as  equals  in  every  re- 
spect. There  has  been  no  chance  for  individual  promi- 
nence. Every  one  had  some  power  or  quality  desirable 
in  the  great  work,  and  gave  what  she  could.  In  one 
instance  it  was  talent ;  in  another,  money  ;  in  another, 
judgment;  in  another,  time;  and  so  on.  We  stood 
side  by  side,  through  it  all,  as  'New  England  women,' 
and  if  we  are  to  be  remembered  hereafter,  it  ought  to 
be  under  that  same  good  old  title,  and  in  one  goodly 
company." 

In  all  these  words  so  full  of  appreciation  and  honor, 
the  women  of  New  Hampshire  have  their  own  share 
and  place,  and  one  can  but  repeat,  looking  back  upon 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  289 

the  hardships,  the  self-sacrifice,  and  the  labor  of  the 
past,  suffered  by  those  who  remain  to  be  the  dignity 
and  autumnal  glory  of  their  homes,  "When  I  begin  to 
think  of  individual  cases,  I  grow  full  of  enthusiasm 
and  admiration,  and  wish  to  tell  of  many  ;  but  the  num- 
ber soon  becomes  appalling ;  the  book  would  be  over- 
run, and  all  who- would  have  been  omitted  might  well 
have  been  there  too." 

Beautiful  in  self-abnegation,  noble  in  endeavor,  brave 
in  endurance,  heroic  in  every  heart-beat,  the  women  of 
New  Hampshire  are  fitting  daughters  of  the  State 
whose  standard  has  never  fallen  in  captivity,  upon 
whose  unstained  soil  no  armed  foe  has  ever  set  his 
foot,  whose  star  has  never  known  dimness,  from  the 
night  when  first  it  shone  above  the  land  a  hundred 
years  ago,  to  the  hour  when,  with  joyous  acclamation, 
forty-two  stars  spangle  the  banner  of  the  United  States, 
— the  nation  of  which  is  true,  today,  the  poet's  verse  of 
two  centuries  ago. 

"  Things  of  the  noblest  sort  our  own  soil  breeds." 


BY  REV.  F.  D.  AYER,  D.  D. 

THE  CLERGY  AND  CHURCHES  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  IN 
THE  REBELLION. 

Though  the  church  and  State  with  us  have  no  organ- 
ic union  they  are  very  closely  related.  The  State  must 
depend  largely  for  certain  fundamental  conditions  of  its 
prosperity  upon  the  church.  She  supplies  a  type  of 
personal  character ;  of  intelligent  and  moral  manhood  ; 
of  home  life  and  training ;  of  positive  utterance  of  re- 
ligious truth  and  embodiment  of  religious  life,  that  the 
State  cannot  live  without.  Her  influence  in  the  dangers 
that  beset  the  State  is  largely  that  of  prevention.  She 
forestalls  by  her  teaching  or  sweeps  away  by  her  spirit 
much  that  would  be  fatal  to  the  life  of  the  republic. 
The  dangers  that  do  arise  she  is  prepared  to  meet.  The 
great  moral  reforms  that  every  nation  at  times  needs 
are  born  and  grown  from  the  moral  life  she  has  nour- 
ished. 

The  wrong  of  slavery  against  the  individual,  the 
family,  the  nation,  was  first  declared  by  the  preacher 
and  the  church.  The  fundamental  rights  upon  which 
personal  and  national  liberty  rests  are  most  clearly 
stated  in  the  Bible.  The  right  of  way  in  our  world  is 
given  to  righteousness  and  loyalty.  The  roots  of  loy- 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  291 

alty  run  deep.  The  tree  was  planted  long  ago.  The 
nurture  of  Christian  generations,  familiarity  with  the 
principles  and  range  of  human  rights  that  has  grown 
through  years  of  teaching  and  life,  are  the  groundwork 
of  our  Christian  loyalty.  They  are  the  prophecy  of 
reform  when  wrong  becomes  embodied  in  custom  or 
institution.  Therefore  it  is  that  the  clergy  and  the 
church  are  largely  responsible  for  the  great  movement 
in  favor  of  freedom  which  culminated  in  the  Rebellion 
against  our  government. 

The  clergymen  and  churches  of  New  Hampshire  did 
their  full  share,  with  all  the  other  loyal  forces,  in  the 
great  struggle. 

They  were  outspoken  in  their  judgments ;  loyal 
almost  without  an  exception  to  the  cause  of  liberty  as 
against  slavery.  They  kept  the  one  issue  of  the  coun- 
try's life  and  freedom  constantly  before  the  people  ;  each 
week  by  word  and  prayer  pushed  the  heart  of  loyalty 
above  party  strife,  political  aim,  personal  ambition  or 
gain  or  loss,  and  held  it  on  the  height  of  moral  princi- 
ple and  Christian  duty. 

The  whole  struggle  started  as  a  moral  issue,  from  re- 
ligious teaching  and  spirit.  More  than  fifty  years  ago 
some  of  the  churches  of  our  State  held  prayer  meetings 
for  the  abolition. of  slavery.  When  it  became  a  politi-, 
cal  question  the  churches  neither  forgot  nor  forsook 
their  convictions  and  the  deep  love  of  their  hearts  for 
man. 

It  is  to  be  recalled  with  gratitude  that  the  clergy  and 
churches  of  the  State  were  so  clear  and  faithful  in  ut- 


292  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

terance  that  they  were,  all  the  time,  counted  as  a  con- 
trolling factor  on  the  side  of  liberty  and  unity.  Nearly 
every  pastor  in  the  State  voiced  in  discourse  the  deep 
principles  of  personal  rights  and  national  perpetuity. 
In  those  days  the  preachers  were  not  silent  on  the  ques- 
tion of  the  times,  and  the  very  spirit  in  which  they  took 
up  the  various  points  to  be  emphasized ;  kept  their  eye 
on  the  needs  of  the  people  ;  stirred  the  lagging  or  the 
indifferent  to  duty,  and  put  the  curb  of  great  related 
truths  upon  the  impatient,  was  felt  upon  the  whole 
community.  The  pastors  were  not  radical  in  the 
extreme,  but  they  were  decided.  A  few  persons  left 
the  churches  because  they  thought  them  too  slow,  and 
a  few  because  they  were  too  fast,  but  they  took 
up  the  great  questions  calmly  and  intelligently,  and 
put  their  testimony  on  the  side  of  right,  and  so  of  final 
victory. 

All  this  discussion  was  in  a  very  different  tone  from 
that  of  the  mass  meeting,  the  political  canvass,  or  the 
discussion  of  the  ordinary  questions  of  government. 
Often  on  the  sabbath,  on  the  days  of  fasting  and  of 
thanksgiving,  there  was  a  review  of  the  facts,  an  exam- 
ination of  the  position,  a  forecast  of  the  coming,  that 
now,  after  twenty-five  years,  bears  well  the  scrutiny  of 
a  calm  review.  This  was  needed.  It  kept  the  thought 
of  the  people  to  the  question  of  right  or  wrong,  apply- 
ing the  principles  of  the  Divine  government  to  the 
actions,  sufferings  and  plans  of  daily  life,  and  putting 
under  their  shadow  every  call  of  patriotism.  This 
gave  patience,  courage  and  decision.  This  influence 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  293 

was  felt  in  filling  the  ranks,  in  keeping  bright  the  flame 
of  patriotism,  while  hearts  suffered  and  homes  were 
fearful.  It  nerved  men  and  women  to  press  on;  it 
stirred  to  self-surrender  and  trained  for  heroic  duty  the 
young  ;  it  made  fathers  and  mothers  more  ready  to  give 
the  son,  and  wives  even  to  aid  on  the  husband,  as  he 
went  forth  to  do  or  die. 

The  clergy  and  the  churches,  next  to  the  homes, 
received  most  tenderly  the  forms  of  fallen  heroes,  and 
at  the  burial^  the  words  spoken,  the  prayers  offered, 
the  deep  courage  fed  by  the  very  sufferings  that  would 
have  quenched  a  fickle  flame,  will  not  be  forgotten  till 
that  generation  is  dead.  This  service  of  the  church  to 
the  country  did  much  to  quicken  all  who  could  go  to 
fill  the  places  of  the  fallen,  and  was  the  source  of  untold 
comfort  to  hearts  made  stronger  still  for  duty.  The 
regular  weekly  prayers  of  the  pastors  also  deserve  to 
be  specially  mentioned.  In  nearly  every  church  in  the 
State  every  sabbath  of  those  years  of  struggle  there 
were  lifted  up  prayers  for  the  loved  ones  at  the  front ; 
for  the  sick,  the  wounded,  the  imprisoned,  and  for  the 
homes  that  missed  them  ;  for  the  President  and  all  in 
authority.  By  these  prayers  especially  were  the  army 
in  the  field  and  the  larger  army  at  home  made  one, 
kept  in  closer  fellowship  and  locked  together  in  the 
most  tender  embrace  that  earth  knows.  The  country 
will  never  know  how  much  it  owes  to  those  prayers ;  to 
the  constancy,  power  and  courage  they  gave,  and  how 
they  inspired  and  sustained  the  wonderful  sacrifices  of 
our  Christian  women.  The  women  of  New  Hampshire, 


2  94  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

so  loyal,  willing  and  capable  in  service,  unshrinking 
in  any  sacrifice,  these  mothers  of  heroes  have  felt  the 
inspiration  and  the  support  of  the  sanctuary. 

The  dangers  at  home  all  through  the  war  were  dis- 
couragement, division,  forgetting  the  great  issue  and 
letting  hate  or  blind  zeal  usurp  the  place  of  deep  loyalty 
to  land  and  to  God.  These,  each,  the  service  of  the 
church  was  fitted  to  prevent  or  to  conquer.  The 
churches  of  our  State  had  their  full  share  in  the  benefi- 
cent work  of  the  Christian  Commission,  the  ministry  to 
the  sick  and  wounded.  They  went  out  by  every  path- 
way of  active  service  in  the  name  of  the  Master,  and 
prolong  still  their  memorials  of  the  dead  and  their 
prayers  for  the  veteran. 


CHAPTER    XI. 


THE    REGIMENTAL    BAND. 


The  Band  that  accompanied  the  First  N.  H.  Regi- 
ment is  worthy  of  a  commendatory  notice.  It  consisted 
of  the  following  members. 

Edwin  T.  Baldwin,  Leader,  Manchester. 


John  McGinness, 
Dennis  Leary, 
Henry  M.  Smith, 
Justin  F.  Andrews, 
Albert  Tilton, 
Eben  W.  Tallant, 
William  T.  Rand, 
Lucius  H.  Rand, 
George  W.  Griffin, 
George  D.  Epps, 
George  L.  Sanborn, 
George  W.  Cilley, 
Arthur  C.  Sargent, 
William  L.  Pierce, 
William  S.  Pearsons, 
Joseph  J.  Ladd, 
Henry  W.  Badger, 
James  A.  Baker, 
Charles  Dunbar, 
John  H.  Gledden, 


Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Salmon  Falls. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Franklin. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 

Newport. 

Holderness. 

Manchester. 

Manchester. 


296  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

BALDWIN'S  CORNET  BAND. 

In  the  Fall  of  1859  some  twenty  or  more  young  men 
of  Manchester  formed  a  class  for  the  study  of  band 
music,  and  employed  Mr.  Edwin  T.  Baldwin  as 
instructor.  In  the  Summer  of  1860  they  organized  as 
"  Baldwin's  Cornet  Band."  They  were  employed  by 
the  Republican  committee  to  furnish  music  at  parades 
and  political  meetings  during  the  campaign  which 
resulted  in  the  election  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  While 
the  First  New  Hampshire  Regiment  was  being  formed, 
the  band  was  invited  to  spend  a  few  days  with  them  at 
their  camp  in  Concord.  Col.  Tappan  and  other  officers 
became  interested  in  them  and  urged  them  to  enlist. 
As  the  law  made  no  provision  for  regimental  bands, 
they  enlisted  as  privates,  furnishing  their  own  instru- 
ments and  uniforms.  The  band  was  not  only  a  success 
numerically,  but  such  was  the  deportmetit  of  its  mem- 
bers that  they  were  allowed  unusual  liberties. 

Not  a  member  of  the  band  was  known  to  be  under 
the  influence  of  liquor  during  their  time  of  service. 
Mr.  Baldwin's  band,  for  the  gentlemanly  bearing  of 
its  members,  the  chaste  character  and  beautiful  render- 
ing of  its  music,  deserved  and  received  highly  compli- 
mentary notice  as  one  of  the  best  in  the  army.  Most 
of  its  members  were  excellent  singers,  and  as  vocalists 
added  greatly  to  the  interest  of  the  religious  services 
when  in  camp. 


CHAPTER    XM. 

BIOGRAPHIES. 


ALPHEUS    BENNING    CROSBY,  M.   D. 

The  following  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  A.  B. 
Crosby  has  been  compiled  almost  entirely  from  a 
.memorial  address  delivered  before  the  N.  H.  Medical 
Society  by  J.  W.  Barstow,  M.  D.,  of  Flushing,  N.  Y. 
Did  the  space  allotted  to  this  history  permit,  it  would  be 
a  great  pleasure  to  transcribe  entire  this  admirable 
address. 

Alpheus  Benning  Crosby  was  born  in  Gilmanton, 
N.  H.,  Feb.  22,  1832.  He  was  the  son  of  Dixi  Crosby 
whose  name  "carries  a  blessing  with  its  mention." 
"His  grand-father,  Dr.  Asa  Crosby,  also  a  New 
Hampshire  man,  who  in  the  early  days  of  the  Republic 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one,  was  eminent  both  as  physician  and  sur- 
geon for  fifty-six  years,  and  was  one  of  those  conscript 
brothers  in  the  profession  to  whom  the  New  Hamp- 
shire State  Medical  Society  owes  its  charter,  procured 
from  Governor  Josiah  Bartlett  in  1791. 

"Tracing  back  the  line  of  succession  still  further, 
through  four  more  generations  of  New  England's 
strong-minded,  strong-willed  sons,  we  reach  at  length 


2  98  FIftS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

their  pioneer,  Simon  Crosby,  who,  in  1635,  with  his 
wife  Ann,  left  Lancashire,  and  crossing  in  the  good  ship 
'  Susan  and  Ellyn '  settled  at  the  age  of  twenty-six  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

"  At  the  age  of  six  years,  on  the  appointment  of  his 
father  to  the  chair  of  surgery  of  Dartmouth  College, 
as  successor  of  Dr.  Muzzey,  the  boy  Alpheus  left  Gil- 
manton  for  Hartover,  and  from  that  time  until  his  death 
—  in  childhood,  in  his  college  days,  and,  indeed,  dur- 
ing a  large  part  of  his  professional  manhood  —  he  knew 
no  other  home. 

"The  classical  school  at  which  young  Crosby  pur- 
sued his  ante-collegiate  studies  was  next  door  to  hi;s 
father's  house  ;  and  he  was  thus  blessed  in  being  con- 
stantly at  home,  passing  the  critical  period  of  youth  in 
the  companionship  of  his  parents,  and  under  his  father's 
own  tender  and  watchful  eye.. 

"The  native  temperament  of  the  boy  showed  some 
rare  combinations  and  counterpoises.  With  an  exuber- 
ance of  animal  spirits,  he  had  also  a  natural  balance.of 
caution.  He  was  ardent,  but  not  hasty  ;  he  was  self- 
reliant  and  fearless,  but  never  precipitate  ;  frank  and 
affable,  though  not  easily  won  by  a  stranger;  fond  of 
experiment,  but  also  intensely  practical.  He  was 
prompt  to  decide,  but  always  took  time  for  detail,  and 
pursued  perseveringly.  to  the  end  whatever  engaged  his 
attention  and  his  effort.  At  home  he  was  filial  and 
obedient,  though  tenacious  of  his  rights  ;  and  whether 
right  or  wrong,  he  was  always  truthful  and  therefore 
always  trusted. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  299 

'<  The  social  tact  for  which  Crosby  was  afterwards  so 
conspicuous  as  a  practitioner  and  a  man  of  the  world, 
shone  also  in  the  boy  as  an  instinctive  faculty  for  mak- 
ing everybody  his  friend.  He  was  a  favorite  with  all, 
winning  love  and  respect  by  his  modest  intelligence  and 
good  sense. 

"His  executive  ability  commanded  the  confidence  of 
his  class-mates  ;  his  genial  manners  and  good  fellowship 
won  their  love  ;  and  though  much  younger  than  many 
of  his  class  he  became  at  once  a  favorite  and  a  leader. 

"On  graduating  at  Dartmouth  in  1853  he  pursued  his 
medical  studies  in  the  office  of  his  father.  He  attended 
lectures  both  at  Dartmouth,  and  at  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians in  New  York  city,  and  served  for  one  year  as 
interne  in  the  United  States  Marine  Hospital  at  Chelsea, 
Mass.  With  the  exception  of  these  necessary  absences 
from  home,  he  gave  every  day  of  these  preparatory 
years  to  the  assistance  of  his  father  in  his  wide  and 
laborious  practice. 

"The  daily  and  intimate  association  of  this  father  and 
son,  two  kindred  souls,  so  like  in  temperament  and  in 
tastes,  so  genial  and  familiar,  so  trustful  of  each  other's 
confidence,  so  loyal  to  each  other's  claims,  was  some- 
thing rare  and  delightful  to  see.  They  studied  and  ob- 
served together ;  they  wrought  by  day  and  night  in 
common. 

"Immediately  on  receiving  his  medical  degree,  Dr. 
Crosby  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Pathological 
Anatomy  in  the  Dartmouth  Medical  College,  an  office 
which  he  ably  filled  for  five  years. 


3OO  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

"At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  in  1861,  he  was 
appointed  surgeon  of  the  First  Regiment  of  New 
Hampshire  Volunteers  for  three  months'  service.  This 
being  concluded,  he  was  at  once  commissioned  a  brig- 
ade surgeon  of  United  States  volunteers,  and  soon  after 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  medical  director,  serving  as 
such  on  the  staffs,  successively,  of  Generals  Stone, 
Casey,  Sedgwick  and  Peck.  His  army  service  was 
marked  by  the  same  strong  individuality,  the  same 
resolute  activity,  the  same  executive  talent  which  we 
have  seen  stamped  upon  the  boy  and  youth. 

"  His  brother  officers  trusted  him,  depended  upon  him 
and  loved  him.  The  private  soldiers  idolized  him,  for 
they  saw  his  quick  and  constant  sympathy  for  them, 
and  knew  that  his  large  and  loving  heart  embraced 
them  all  in  its  tender  care. 

"In  the  noble  record  of  his  army  services  let  us  not 
forget  that  to  him  belongs  the  credit  of  having  origina- 
ted and  erected  the  first  complete  military  hospital  on 
the  modern  '  pavillion  plan,'  that  was  built  during  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion. 

"At  the  close  of  the  Peninsula  campaign,  Dr. 
Crosby  resigned  his  position  in  the  army,  and  though 
at  once  re-appointed  to  another  medical  directorship  by 
the  Secretary  of  War,  he  declined  the  honor  and  re- 
turned to  Hanover,  where  his  father's  increasing  years 
and  cares  made  the  son's  presence  more  than  ever  wel- 
come. 

"On  the  26th  of  July,  1862,  Dr.  Crosby  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Miss  Mildred  Glassell  Smith,  a  native 


MAJ. -GENERAL   JOHN    G.    FOSTER. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  3OI 

of  Alabama,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  William  R.  Smith,  who 
was  afterwards,  and  until  his  death  in  1875,  a  resident 
of  Galveston,  Texas. 

"  In  1865  he  was  invited  to  the  chair  of  surgery  in  the 
University  of  Vermont,  and  in  the  same  year  to  a  sim- 
ilar chair  in  the  University  of  Michigan.  Both  of  these 
positions  he  accepted,  and  ably  filled  for  several  years. 

"  In  1870,  on  the  resignation  of  his  honored  father 
at  the  age  of  three  score  and  ten,  Dr.  Ben  was  at  once 
called  to  the  chair  of  surgery  in  Dartmouth,  and  entered 
upon  his  duties,  still  continuing  to  perform  full  duty  in 
both  his  other  professorships.  He  also  delivered  a 
course  of  surgical  lectures  in  Bowdoin  College,  Maine, 
during  the  same  year. 

"  In  1871  he  accepted  the  appointment  of  surgical 
professor  in  the  Long  Island  Medical  College,  together 
with  the  post  of  visiting  surgeon  in  the  hospitals  to 
which  the  college  was  attached. 

"In  1872  he  was  invited  to  a  professorship  in  the 
New  York  University,  and  also  to  another  (that  of  sur- 
gical anatomy)  in  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
in  New  York  city.  The  former  he  declined  but  he 
accepted  the  latter  and  retained  it  until  his  death. 

"  In  1873  Dr.  Crosby  was  invited  by  the  trustees  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  to  accept  the 
chair  of  anatomy  on  the  resignation  of  the  distinguished 
Dr.  Pancoast.  This,  though  not  accepted,  may  be 
reckoned  the  crowning  honor  of  his  wealth  of  profes- 
sional laurels,  and  was  accompanied  by  the  most  flatter- 
ing tribute  to  his  high  character  as  a  man  and  a  physi- 


302  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

cian.  What  other  young  medical  man  of  our  time  at  the 
age  of  thirty-eight  ever  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  hold- 
ing professorships  in  five  prominent  medical  schools  at 
once  ;  and  of  declining,  when  scarcely  in  his  fortieth 
year,  two  other  positions  equal  in  honor  with  those  he 
chose  to  accept?" 

All  these  honors  Dr.  Crosby  bore  without  the  least 
damage  to  that  modesty,  simplicity  and  amiableness  of 
character  and  behavior  which  were  peculiar  to  him  from 
his  boyhood.  Did  the  space  allotted  to  this  sketch 
allow,  it  would  be  pleasant  to  enlarge  upon  his  uniform 
success  in  every  position  he  held  ;  upon  the  high  merit 
of  his  literary  efforts  ;  upon  the  tact  and  wit  that  left 
him  without  a  superior  in  the  social  circle  and  in  post- 
prandial speech  ;  upon  his  love  for  nature,  and  more  than 
all  upon  that  love  and  sympathy  for  humanity  which 
seemed  to  marshal  all  his  other  excellences  into  their 
service. 

In  the  Spring  of  1877  ^  became  evident  that  Dr. 
Crosby's  intellectual  resources  had  been  taxed  beyond 
their  just  limits.  Barly  in  July  of  this  year  he  sought 
relaxation  at  Saratoga,  and  returned  to  Hanover,  and 
at  the  close  of  the  month  performed  two  operations  in 
Chelsea,  Vt.  On  the  2d  of  August  he  delivered  the 
opening  lecture  of  his  course  to  the  medical  class,  and 
lectured  also  on  the  two  successive  days.  On  Sunday, 
August  5,  he  made  his  last  professional  visit  in  a  neigh- 
boring town  of  Vermont.  Still  intent  on  his  life-work, 
he  lectured  to  his  class  the  next  day,  which  lecture  was 
his  last.  In  forty-eight  hours  he  became  insensible, 


%  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  303 

44  and  the  next  morning,  rallying  for  the  effort  to  bid  a 
last  farewell  to  those  he  loved  best  on  earth,  he  breathed 
away  his  precious  life  into  the  hands  of  that  God  whom 
he  served  and  trusted  to  the  end." 

The  record  says — "With  tender  words  of  prayer 
and  psalm ;  with  flowing  tears  of  sympathy  for  the 
mother  and  wife  and  children  and  friends  ;  commending 
them  to  the  God  who  gave  and  who  had  taken  away 
their  treasure — we  covered  the  dear  face  and  bore  him 
tenderly  away  to  his  last  resting  place.  We  laid  him  to 
sleep  in  the  spot  which  his  own  eye  had  marked  but  a 
few  days  before,  forewarned  that  Mother  Earth  would 
shortly  take  her  tired  worshipper  to  her  bosom.  And 
there  is  his  grave — at  the  feet  of  his  honored  father,  in 
that  fair  'God's  acre,'  rich  in  the  dust  of  Dartmouth's 
fathers  and  sons." 

The  following  poetic  morceau  is  from  the  pen  of 
Prof.  J.  Ordronaux.  It  was  called  forth  by  a  remark 
of  his  colleague,  that  "the  highest  reward  of  his  pro- 
fessional labors  was  the  friendship  of  his  patients." 

TO    DR.    A.    B.    CROSBY. 

Beloved  by  all  the  Gods  and  men, 
Thou  sunny,  cheerful,  fragrant  Ben, 
Whose  life  has  but  one  purpose  here, 
To  heal,  to  comfort  and  to  cheer ; 

Around  thy  lips  the  muses  throng 

With  words  of  wisdom,  wit  and  song, 

And  jocund  gifts  of  subtle  kind, 

That  charm  the  pains  from  flesh  and  mind, 


304  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  i 

And  teach  the  sick  in  every  place 
To  read  deliverance  in  thy  face- 
Well  dost  thou  play  the  Wizard's  part, 
Thou  master  of  the  Healing  Art ; 

Well  dost  thou  prove  the  birth  Divine, 
Of  Genius,  Mirth  and  Skill  like  thine  ; 
Where  Science  bears  upon  her  tide, 
Wit,  Humor,  Fancy,  side  by  side, 

To  warm  with  all  the  sunshine's  power 
The  coldness  of  our  dullest  hour ; 
And  make  the  heart  enslaved  by  pain, 
Its  youth  and  buoyancy  regain. 

What  crown  befits  such  brows  as  thine? 
What  civic  greatness  shall  enshrine 
Thy  name  among  the  immortal  few 
Who  live  to  every  virtue  true? 

Not  bays  forsooth,  which  Poets  claim, 
Not  laurels  making  Warrior's  fame  ; 
Not  crowns  of  oak  on  Statesmen  shed, 
Nor  jewels  fit  for  monarch's  head. 

Not  such  on  thee,  shall  e'er  descend, 
Placed  there  by  hand  of  reverent  friend, 
But  each,  with  prayers  addressed  above 
For  thee — shall  bring  a  crown  of  love. 


COL.    THOMAS   J.    WHIPPLE. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Whipple  was  born  in  Wentworth, 
N.  H.,  January  30,  1816.      His  parents  were    Thomas 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  305 

and  Mary  Tabor  Whipple.  Thomas  Whipple  was  a 
physician  of  more  than  ordinary  eminence  and  a  gen- 
tleman widely  known  and  esteemed  in  the  State.  He 
distinguished  himself  as  a  member  of  the  State  Legis- 
lature in  1819  by  introducing  and  carrying  through  to 
its  enactment  as  a  law,  the  bill  since  known  as  the 
"Toleration  Act."  Subsequently  he  represented  his 
district  in  the  United  States  House  of  Representatives. 

Thomas  J.  acquired  his  education  at  the  old  New 
Hampshire  Institution,  at  Bradford,  Vt.,  and  the  Nor- 
wich Military  University. 

He  read  law  with  Hon.  Josiah  Quincy  of  Rumney 
and  Salmon  Waires  of  Johnson,  Vt.,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1840  and  settled  at  once  in  Wentworth, 
afterwards  removing  to  Meredith  Bridge,  now  Laconia, 
where  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  passed.  Naturally 
of  a  martial  turn  of  mind,  he  became  interested  in  mil- 
itary affairs  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  was  appointed 
Aid-de-Camp  of  Gen.  Cook  and  raised  an  independent 
company  called  The  Wentworth  Phalanx. 

He  volunteered  in  the  Mexican  War  and  was  com- 
missioned First  Lieutenant  of  the  Ninth  United  States 
Infantry,  April  pth,  1847,  and  Adjutant  of  the  same  in 
May  following.  He  accompanied  the  regiment  to 
Vera  Cruz,  but  soon  after  his  arrival,  indulging  his 
curiosity  in  examining  a  Catholic  cemetery  in  the 
neighborhood,  he  was  unfortunately  taken  prisoner.  He 
was  in  company  with  private  R.  H.  A.  Barnes.  When 
they  came  to  the  gate  of  the  cemetery  they  were  met 
by  three  Mexicans  who  had  dismounted  from  their 


306  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

horses  with  their  Escopets  pointed  at  them.  Lieut. 
Whipple  was  armed  with  a  sword  and  placed  himself  at 
once  against  the  wall  and  prepared  to  defend  himself. 
Barnes,  unarmed,  made  the  best  of  his  way  through  the 
cemetery  to  the  camp.  The  Mexicans  drew  their 
swords  and  made  at  Whipple,  who  stoutly  defended 
himself.  One  of  his  captors  hit  him  a  blow  upon  the 
head  stunning  him,  but  not  injuring  him,  as  the  blade, 
meeting  a  parry,  struck  flatwise  upon  the  Lieutenant's 
head.  Recovering  himself  he  set  vigorously  at  work, 
when  the  Mexicans  retreated  a  few  paces  and  brought 
their  Escopets  to  bear  upon  him,  making  unmistakable 
signs  which  a  Yankee  could  understand,  that  "it  is 
surrender  or  we  fire/'  Whipple,  thinking  that  in  this 
case,  "discretion  was  the  better  part  of  valor"  gave  up 
and  was  led  away  upon  a  mustang,  while  his  own  horse 
was  appropriated  by  the  captors.  Barnes  gave  the 
.alarm  and  a  detachment  was  sent  out  in  search  of  him, 
but  the  Guerrillas  had  escaped  with  their  captive. 
Whipple  was  well  treated  by  them  and  was  subsequent- 
ly exchanged  and  distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of 
Atlixco,  where  he  was  volunteer  Aide-de-Camp  to 
Brig.  Gen.  Lane.  Adjutant  Whipple  resigned  Feb. 
23d,  1848.  He  resumed  his  practice  at  Meredith  (now 
Laconia)  after  the  war.  He  was  appointed  Adjutant 
of  the  Twenty-Ninth  Regiment  Aug.  3d,  1848.  Upon 
the  commencement  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  Capt. 
Whipple  was  appointed  Lieut. -Col.  of  the  First  Regi- 
ment New  Hampshire  Volunteer  Infantry,  April  29th, 
1861,  and  was  mustered  out  Aug.  pth,  1861.  August 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  307 

2Oth,  1861,  Lieut. -Col.  Whipple  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  the  Fourth  Regiment  New  Hampshire  Volunteer 
Infantry  and  resigned  Mar.  i8th,  1862,  and,  returning 
to  Meredith,  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession.  As 
a  military  man  Col.  Whipple  was  a  Martinet.  He 
was  every  inch  a  soldier.  He  was  severe  in  discipline 
but  exceedingly  kind  and  even  tender  to  the  faithful 
and  obedient.  -  He  was  brave  almost  to  temerity.  He 

•/ 

never  appeared  to  know  the  emotion  of  fear.  He  was 
universally  popular  with  his  men  and  greatly  beloved 
by  them. 

In  society  affairs,  Col.  Whipple  was  always  promi- 
nent, being  at  the  time  of  his  death  a  Royal  Arch 
Mason,  a  member  of  Winnipesaukee  Lodge,  No.  7,  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  John  L.  Perley,  Jr.,  Post  No.  37,  G.  A.  R., 
and  also  of  the  Union  Veterans'  Union,  the  latter  organi- 
zation bearing  his  name. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1877  Col.  Whipple  was  elected 
president  of  the  Belknap  County  Bar  Association,  as 
successor  to  the  late  George  W.  Stevens,  holding  that 
position  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

Col.  Whipple  has  occupied  the  positions  of  Assistant 
Clerk  and  Clerk  of  the  New  Hampshire  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, Solicitor  of  Belknap  County,  Secretary  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1850,  was  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1856,  and  has  been 
Attorney  for  the  Boston  &  Concord  &  Montreal  Rail- 
road since  1870,  and  also  for  the  Lake  Company  since 
the  death  of  Senator  James  Bell.  Col.  Whipple  was  an 
able  though  eccentric  lawyer,  an  advocate  of  great 


308  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

power,  with  original  thoughts,  and  the  power  of  forci- 
ble expression. 

"  Col.  Whipple  was  a  man  of  strong  force  of  charac- 
ter, persistent  and  aggressive,  yet  possessed  of  many 
warm  friends  included  in  a  large  circle  of  acquaintan- 
ces. His  was  almost  a  national  reputation,  and  few 
men  in  the  land  were  better  known.  He  was  a  Demo- 
crat of  the  old  school.  Among  his  most  intimate 
friends  was  the  late  ex-President  Pierce.  The  two 
were  most  endeared  one  toward  the  other,  and  it  was 
only  a  few  weeks  previous  to  his  death,  that  during  an 
interview  with  The  Union  scribe,  in  recalling  reminis- 
cences in  connection  with  their  relations  in  by-gone 
days,  the  deceased  referred  to  the  ex-President  in  most 
glowing  terms.  In  the  practice  of  his  profession,  Col. 
Whipple's  greatest  success  was  attained  in  the  trial  of 
cases  before  a  jury,  in  which  he  exhibited  great  tact 
and  astuteness,  and  at  the  same  time  his  eloquence  set 
forth  with  a  command  of  language  which  few  men 
other  than  himself  possessed,  was  most  convincing  in 
argument." 

Col.  Whipple  died  of  paralysis  after  an  illness  of 
about  three  weeks,  at  his  home  in  Laconia,  Dec.  2ist, 
1889,  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him. 


GENERAL  AARON  FLETCHER  STEVENS. 

General  Stevens  was  born  at  Deny,  in  Rockingham 
County,  New  Hampshire,  August  9,  1819.  When  he 
was  quite  young  his  parents  removed  to  Peterborough, 
in  Hillsborough  County.  After  attending  the  public 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  309 

schools  of  Derry  and  Peterborough  he  received  a  good 
academic  education,  and  taught  school  several  terms. 

In  1838  he  removed  to  Nashua,  and  pursued  a  course 
of  study  for  three  years  with  industry  and  zeal,  calcu- 
lated to  fit  him  for  the  active  duties  of  life.  In  1842  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  Geo. 
Y.  Sawyer,  an  eminent  member  of  the  Hillsborough 
County  bar,  and  since,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  New  Hampshire.  In  1845 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  at  once  entered  into 
co-partnership  with  Mr.  Sawyer,  soon  became  known 
in  his  own  and  adjoining  counties  as  an  able,  industri- 
ous and  careful  practitioner,  and  with  his  partner  com- 
manded an  extensive  business.  In  1856  Mr.  Stevens 
was  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  Council,  Solicitor 
for  Hillsborough  County,  and  performed  the  responsi- 
ble duties  of  the  position  with  faithfulness,  ability  and 
success  for  five  years  and  until  the  Rebellion  broke  out. 
In  the  prosecution  of  the  large  number  of  criminal 
cases  arising  in  that  county  he  met  the  ablest  lawyers 
in  the  State,  sustained  himself  with  credit  on  all  occa- 
sions, and  took  a  high  and  honorable  position  among 
his  legal  brethren.  In  1858  Mr.  Stevens  became  a 
partner  of  Hon.  Aaron  W.  Sawyer  of  Nashua,  which 
arrangement  continued  until  the  former  entered  the 
army,  to  aid  in  the  suppression  of  a  most  wicked  Re- 
bellion. 

During  the  existence  of  the  Whig  party  Mr.  Stevens 
was  one  of  its  most  active  members.  In  1849  ^e  was 
elected  to  the  popular  branch  of  the  Legislature  from 


310  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

Nashua,  and  again  in  1854,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
industrious  and  useful  members  of  that  body.  He  was 
also  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1856  and  1857,  taking 
a  leading  position  on  committees,  and  upon  the  floor,  as 
an  able,  earnest  and  pleasing  debater,  espousing  and 
maintaining  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Whig  National  Convention  at 
Baltimore  in  1852,  which  nominated  General  Winfield 
Scott  as  the  candidate  for  President.  In  that  conven- 
tion he  was  an  earnest  supporter  of  Daniel  Webster. 

When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  in  April, 
1861,  Mr.  Stevens  was  among  the  first  men  in  the  State 
to  tender  his  services  to  the  Governor.  When  the  First 
Regiment  was  being  organized  the  position  of  Major 
was  tendered  to  him  which  he  accepted,  and  served  with 
that  organization  until  the  expiration  of  its  term  of  en- 
listment, with  credit  to  himself  and  the  State.  When 
the  Thirteenth  Regiment  was  organized,  in  the  Autumn 
of  1862,  Major  Stevens  was  commissioned  its  Colonel, 
and  went  with  it  to  the  field,  and  followed  its  fortunes 
to  the  end  of  the  war.  He  distinguished  himself  for 
gallantry,  courage,  coolness  and  skill  as  an  officer  on 
many  bloody  fields,  and  was  often  commended  by  his 
superior  officers. 

In  the  assault  on  Fort  Harrison,  Sept.  29,  1864, 
Colonel  Stevens  was  in  command  of  a  brigade  compris- 
ing his  own  and  three  New  York  regiments.  He  fell 
severely  wounded  while  at  the  head  of  his  brigade  and 
within  a  few  yards  of  the  fort,  where  he  remained  until 
the  colors  of  his  command  were  planted  upon  the  para- 


FIKS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  3  J  T 

pet  of  the  captured  work,  and  was  then  carried  from 
the  field.  For  his  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in 
this  and  other  engagements,  Colonel  Stevens  was  ap- 
pointed Brigadier  General  United  States  Volunteers, 
by  brevet,  to  date  from  Dec.  8,  1864. 

General  Burnham,  commanding  the  brigade  in  the 
attack  on  Petersburg,  June  15,  1864,  in  his  report  to 
General  Brooks,  commanding  the  division,  said,  "  I 
desire  particularly  to  bring  to  your  favorable  notice 
Colonel  Aaron  F.  Stevens,  of  the  Thirteenth  New 
Hampshire  Volunteers,  both  for  his  personal  gallantry 
in  charging  the  enemy's  works  on  the  I5th,  and  for  the 
able  manner  in  which  he  handled  his  regiment  on  that 
occasion.  To  him  and  to  his  regiment  the  success 
which  was  achieved  is  due  in  a  very  great  measure, 
and  I  take  pleasure  in  recommending  him  for  promo- 
tion." This  recommendation  was  fully  and  heartily 
endorsed  by  General  Brooks  in  his  report  to  General 
Smith,  commanding  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps. 
General  Stevens'  military  record  is  identical  with  that 
of  the  Thirteenth  Regiment,  and  both  are  in  a  high 
degree  honorable  to  the  State. 

General  Stevens  was  nominated  as  a  candidate  for- 
member  of  Congress  from  the  Second  New  Hampshire 
District  in  December,  1866,  and  was  elected  the  follow- 
ing March,  and  was  elected  for  a  second  term  in  March 
1869.  He  served  on  the  standing  committees  on  Revo- 
lutionary Claims  and  Naval  Affairs,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  special  committee  on  the  Treatment  of  Union 
Prisoners.  In  1879  General  Stevens  lacked  but  two 


312  FIRST  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE. 

votes  of  the  nomination,  which  was  equivalent  to  an 
election,  for  United  States  Senator,  and  in  the  long  and 
heated  contest  for  senatorial  honors  in  1883  he  was 
voted  for  to  the  last  by  his  friends  and  admirers.  In 
the  Winter  of  1883,  while  at  his  Winter  home  in  Flor- 
ida, he  met  with  an  accident  from  which  he  never  fully 
recovered,  although  he  continued  active  in  the  Courts 
until  1885.  After  an  honorable  and  useful  life  of  varied 
service  he  fell  asleep  and  was  gathered  to  his  fathers. 
He  died  in  Nashua  May  10,  1887,  aged  68  years. 

General  Stevens  was  united  in  marriage  at  the  Meth- 
odist church  in  Nahant,  Mass.,  May  19,  1861,  to  Miss 
Adelaide  M.  Johnson  of  Nahant.  Mrs.  Stevens,  who 
survives  the  General,  followed  the  fortunes  of  her  hus- 
band in  all  his  campaigns,  and  when  the  battle  was  on, 
was  as  near  him  as  her  safety  would  permit.  She 
nursed  him  and  his  comrades  in  field  and  hospital,  and 
few  women  are  equally  loved  and  honored  by  a  wider 
circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances. 


COL.    ENOCH    Q^    FELLOWS. 

Enoch  C^.  Fellows  was  born  in  Sandwich,  Carrpll 
County,  New  Hampshire,  on  the  2oth  of  June,  1825. 
His  father  was  a  respectable  farmer  in  humble  circum- 
stances. He  attended  public  schools  in  his  native  town 
until  old  enough  to  go  to  an  academy,  from  which  time 
until  he  was  nineteen  years  old  he  attended  different 
academies  and  taught  school  alternately.  He  had 
nearly  completed  his  preparatory  college  course  when 
he  received  an  appointment  to  the  United  States  Mili- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  3*3 

tary  Academy  at  West  Point,  where  he  entered  in  1844, 
and  remained  about  two  and  a  half  years,  standing, 
when  he  left,  fifth  in  his  class  in  conduct,  and  eighth  in 
general  standing.  Among  his  school  fellows  there 
were  George  B.  McClellan,  Ambrose  E.  Burnside,  D. 
N.  Couch  and  Jesse  L.  Reno,  all  of  whom  were 
Major  Generals  in  the  Union  army,  the  famous  Stone- 
wall Jackson,  of  the  Rebel  army,  and  many  others  who 
were  prominent  actors  during  the  war. 

After  leaving  West  Point  Col.  Fellows  returned  to 
his  native  town,  and  for  years  took  an  active  part  in  the 
militia  of  the  State.  He  held  several  commissions  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier  General. 

In  1854  ne  was  appointed  Inspector  in  the  Boston 
Custom  House,  which  position  he  held  three  years. 
When  the  rebellion  broke  out,  in  1861,  Col.  Fellows 
was  the  first  man  in  the  State,  north  of  Concord,  to 
volunteer,  and  one  of  the  very  first  to  take  an  active 
part  in  enlisting  and  organizing  the  three  months'  vol- 
unteers, called  for  by  President  Lincoln,  immediately 
after  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter  to  the  Rebels.  He 
acted  as  Adjutant  during  the  organization  of  the  First 
Regiment,  was  commissioned  to  that  place  by  Gov. 
Goodwin,  served  with  the  regiment  during  its  term  of 
enlistment,  returned  with  it  to  the  State,  and  the  next 
day  after  being  mustered  out  was  commissioned  Colonel 
of  the  Third  Regiment. 

He  organized  this  regiment  and  commanded  it,  ex- 
cepting three  months,  during  which  he  was  acting  Brig- 
adier General.  When  Gen.  T.  W.  Sherman  was  getting 


314  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

up  his  great  Naval  Expedition  he,  came  to  Concord  and 
obtained  the  promise  of  the  Governor  that  the  Third 
Regiment,  then  being  organized,  should  form  a  part  of 
it.  Col.  Fellows  was  the  first  Colonel  of  the  fifteen 
regiments  composing  that  expedition  to  be  mustered  in, 
and  the  Third  was  the  first  regiment  to  report  to  Gen. 
Sherman  in  New  York  City,  and  he  was  consequently 
the  ranking  Colonel  of  the  expedition.  The  expedi- 
tion took  Port  Royal  on  the  yth  of  November,  1861. 
During  the  month  of  December,  1861,  and  January, 
1862,  all  the  Brigadier  Generals  were  assigned  to  duty 
elsewhere  and  Col.  Fellows  was  appointed  the  first 
commandant  at  Hilton  Head,  S.  C.  He  enjoyed  the 
most  unbounded  confidence  of  Gen.  Sherman,  both  as 
an  officer  and  a  gentleman,  till  he  was  relieved  in 
March,  1862.  Having  been  absent  from  his  home 
about  a  year  he  then  asked  for  a  furlough,  and  Gen. 
Sherman  endorsed  his  application  as  follows — he  having 
been  relieved:  "The  valuable  service  performed  in 
the  Expeditionary  Corps  by  Col.  Fellows,  and  his  long 
and  close  attention  to  his  important  duties  here,  renders 
the  indulgence  asked  for  a  very  reasonable  one,  which 
I  intend  to  grant  him."  Col.  Fellows'  request  was 
granted  at  once,  but  just  then  there  was  a  disturbance  at 
Edisto  Island,  and  Gen.  Benham  asked  Gen.  Sherman 
which  was  the  best  regiment  to  send,  and  was  an- 
swered, the  Third  New  Hampshire,  and  that  regiment 
was  accordingly  ordered  there.  Col.  Fellows  then  told 
Gen.  Benham  that,  under  the  circumstances,  he  did  not 
wish  to  avail  himself  of  his  furlough  at  that  time,  if  he 


FIffS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  315 

could  be  of  service.  The  General  expressed  many 
thanks  for  the  offer,  and  immediately  placed  Col.  Fel- 
lows in  command  of  all  the  troops  at  Edisto  and  vicin- 
ity, consisting  of  three  and  a  half  regiments  of  infan- 
try, one  company  of  cavalry,  four  pieces  of  artillery, 
and  one  gunboat.  He  remained  there  three  or  four 
weeks,  and  drove  the  Rebels  from  Jehosse  Island,  and 
after  the  capture  of  Fort  Pulaski  and  all  had  become 
quiet,  Col.  Fellows  was  relieved  and  received  his  fur- 
lough. 

While  at  home,  without  his  knowledge,  the  Governor 
and  Council,  the  Adjutant  General  and  Secretary  of 
State  recommended  him  to  President  Lincoln  for  an 
appointment  as  Brigadier  General  of  United  States 
Volunteers,  as  a  man  well  qualified  by  education,  abil- 
ity and  experience  to  fill  the  position  with  honor  to  the 
State  and  benefit  to  the  service.  When  the  Ninth 
Regiment  was  being  enlisted,  about  this  time,  Governor 
Berry  offered  the  command  of  it  to  Colonel  Fellows, 
which  he  said  he  would  accept  if  the  Governor  thought 
best.  He  accordingly  resigned  his  commission  as 
Colonel  of  the  Third  and  accepted  that  of  Colonel  of 
the  Ninth,  on  the  1/j.th  of  June,  1862.  On  arrival  in 
Washington  with  the  Ninth  Regiment  Colonel  Fellows 
was  immediately  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  bri- 
gade, though  not  the  ranking  Colonel. 

This  was  about  the  time  of  General  Pope's  defeat, 
and  in  a  few  days  the  army  was  re-organized  under  Gen- 
eral McClellan  and  the  Ninth  Regiment  was  assigned 
to  an  old  brigade  ;  and  in  less  than  three  weeks  from 


3 1 6  FIXS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

the  time  the  regiment  left  New  Hampshire  it  was  en- 
gaged in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam. 
At  South  Mountain  the  Ninth  Regiment,  under  Colonel 
Fellows,  made  one  of  the  most  brilliant  bayonet  charges 
of  the  whole  war,  drove  a  Rebel  battery  from  the  field, 
capturing  several  prisoners,  and  he  was  especially 
complimented  on  the  field  by  Brigadier  General  Nagle 
in  command  of  the  brigade,  and  Major  General  Reno, 
in  command  of  the  corps. 

General  Reno  had  scarcely  turned  his  horse  from  the 
Colonel  to  depart,  after  congratulating  him  upon  the 
good  behavior  of  his  men,  when  he  received  his  death 
wound.  Soon  after  the  battle  of  Antietam  Colonel  Fel- 
lows broke  down  in  health  and  resigned.  He  was  un- 
doubtedly one  of  the  most  capable  officers  in  the  army 
from  New  Hampshire  during  the  four  years'  continu- 
ance of  the  war.  He  was  always  faithful  and  attentive 
to  duty  and  cool  and  skillful  in  action.  His  military 
education  and  experience,  at  a  time  when  there  were 
but  few  men  in  the  State  who  knew  any  thing  about  the 
requirements  of  troops  fitting  for  the  field,  were  of  great 
benefit  to  the  service. 

At  the  close  of  his  military  service  Colonel  Fellows 
returned  to  his  native  town,  Sandwich,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  In  1868  and  1869  he  was  an  active  and 
valuable  member  of  the  popular  branch  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Legislature  from  Sandwich  ;  and  in  the  lat- 
ter year  was  appointed  a  United  States  Assistant  Assess- 
or of  Internal  Revenue  in  the  First  District.  Colonel 
Fellows'  life  contains  no  startling  episode,  but  is  the 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  317 

story  of  a  self-made,  upright  man,  and,  like  that  of 
many  others,  is  best  known  by  his  soldier  comrades. 
He  treated  all  his  soldiers  well.  He  was  willing  to 
listen  to  any  proper  complaint,  and  right  any  wrong  ; 
and  the  soldier  is  yet  to  be  found  who  cherished  a 
grievance  against  him. 


MAJOR    MOSES    KITTREDGE    HAZELTON. 

Moses  Kittredge  Hazelton  was  born  in  Hebron,  N. 
H.,  Nov.  5th,  1835.  He  belonged  to  one  of  the  oldest 
and  best  families  in  New  Hampshire.  His  father, 
David  Hazelton,  a  merchant,  was  well  educated  and  a 
man  of  remarkable  executive  ability.  He  was  success- 
ful in  business  and  the  family  were  amply  supplied 
with  all  the  necessaries  and  many  of  the  luxuries  of 
life,  and  as  well  the  means  for  the  education  of  the 
children.  The  mother  of  Kittredge,  Mrs.  Sarah 
C.  Hazelton,  was  a  woman  of  more  than  ordinary  nat- 
ural ability  and  had  received  an  education  far  beyond 
that  of  the  average  woman  of  her  day.  She  enjoyed 
the  advantage  of  instruction  under  Miss  Mary  Lyon  at 
Deny,  and  afterward,  of  Miss  Hazeltine  at  Bradford, 
Mass.  The  children  of  the  family  consisted  of  four 
sons  and  two  daughters.  The  two  daughters,  Mrs. 
Sarah  E.  Jaques  and  Mrs.  Ellen  H.  Sanborn  only 
survive. 

The  early  education  of  the  boy  Kittredge  was  ob- 
tained in  the  schools  of  Hebron  and  by  private  tuition 
at  home.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  entered  the  Kim- 
ball  Union  Academy  at  Meriden  and  fitted  for  college 


3 1 8  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

in  that  popular  institution,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  the  class  of  1857.  He  maintained  a  high  rank  in 
college  as  a  scholar  and  enjoyed  the  esteem  and  confi- 
dence of  professors  and  students,  and  received  the  high 
compliment  of  an  election  to  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  So- 
ciety. On  leaving  college  he  studied  law  with  Hon.  J. 
S.  Sargent,  then  of  Wentworth,  and  with  Hon.  John  S. 
Wells  of  Exeter,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1859. 

In  June  of  the  same  year  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Hon.  Mason  W.  Tappan  of  Bradford,  which  con- 
tinued until  the  outbreak  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
when  he  enlisted  and  was  appointed  Paymaster  of  the 
First  Regiment  of  N.  H.  Volunteers.  In  August,  he 
was  confirmed  Additional  Paymaster  of  the  United 
States  Army,  ranking  as  such  from  June  i,  1861. 

His  headquarters  were  at  Washington  until  Septem- 
ber of  that  year  when  he  went  to  Wheeling,  Va.,  and 
paid  troops  stationed  in  that  vicinity.  In  January, 
1862,  he  was  transferred  to  the  West  with  headquarters 
at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  subsequently  at  Louisville,  Ky. 
In  this  department  he  was  assigned  the  payment  of 
troops  under  Gens.  C.  F.  Smith  and  James  A.  Garfield. 
October  10,  1862,  he  had  completed  the  payment  of 
Gen.  Buell's  army,  and  early  in  1863  he  was  assigned 
the  charge  of  the  Department  of  the  Mississippi  with 
his  headquarters  at  Memphis,  Term.,  where  he  directed 
the  payment  of  Gen.  Grant's  army.  He  removed  to 
Vicksburg  after  the  surrender  of  that  city,  where  his 
naturally  frail  constitution  yielded  to  the  draft  of  inde- 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  319 

fatigable  devotion  to  his  work.  On  Aug.  i,  1863,  he 
was  tenderly  borne  back  to  Memphis  by  his  comrades 
and  placed  in  the  hospital,  and  on  the  3d  of  August  he 
died.  His  remains  were  brought  back  to  New  Hamp- 
shire for  burial. 

Maj.  Hazelton  was  singularly  and  untiringly  devoted 
to  his  work.  "  He  literally  worked  till  he  could  work 
no  longer."  He  would  often  give  leave  of  absence  to 
those  under  his  command  to  recruit  their  health,  and 
remain  at  his  post  when  he  needed  the  relief  far  more 
than  they.  Maj.  Hazelton  was  in  politics  a  decided 
Democrat  and,  from  the  beginning  of  the  war,  an  en- 
thusiastic Union  man.  He  was  extremely  modest  and 
retiring,  amiable  in  disposition,  unselfish  in  motive,  true 
in  friendship,  decided  in  his  convictions  and  courageous 
in  their  defence.  He  was  dignified  in  manner  but 
always  courteous  and  affable  in  intercourse. 

The  writer  of  this  sketch,  whose  privilege  it  was  to 
share  a  tent  with  Maj.  Hazelton  during  his  connection 
with  the  First  Regiment,  became  deeply  impressed  with 
the  fact  that  Maj.  Hazelton  combined  in  his  character 
to  a  remarkable  degree  all  the  elements  of  a  true  and 
noble  manhood  and  an  estimable  gentleman. 

It  is  but  just  to  the  memory  of  the  departed  to  put  on 
permanent  record,  as  a  tribute  to  his  excellent  qualities 
and  a  testimony  of  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  was 
held  by  his  fellow-paymasters,  the  following  copy  of 
resolutions  passed  at  the  meeting  of  the  Pay  Corps  of 
the  Department  of  the  Mississippi  at  Memphis,  Tenn., 
Aug.  4,  1863. 


3  2O  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

"  Whereas,  it  has  pleased  God  in  His  wise  providence 
to  remove  from  among  us  Major  M.  K.  Hazelton,  Ad- 
ditional Paymaster  United  States  Army,  who  was  at- 
tacked by  disease  while  serving  as  Chief  Paymaster  of 
Major-Gen.  U.  S.  Grant's  army  at  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
therefore 

Resolved,  That  while  we  bow  with  submission  to  the 
decree  of  the  Almighty,  we  desire  to  express  our  sense 
of  the  worth  of  our  departed  brother. 

Resolved,  That  there  was  in  Major  Hazelton,  a  clear 
comprehension  of,  and  a  conscientious  devotion  to  duty, 
and  also  a  desire  to  discharge  what  he  believed  to  be 
his  obligation  to  his  country  and  to  his  superior  officers 
in  carrying  out  their  orders,  that  was  highly  commenda- 
ble. A  man  of  clear  and  highly  cultivated  intellect,  of 
strict  integrity,  kind  and  amiable  in  his  disposition,  his 
sudden  death  has  deprived  the  army  of  the  services  of  a 
valuable  officer,  and  our  corps  of  companionship  with 
an  esteemed  brother. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  death  of  our  friend  a  lesson  is 
given  us  to  be  ready  when  the  Master  calls  us  from 
mortality  to  immortality. 

Resolved,  That  we  tender  to  the  bereaved  family  of 
the  deceased  our  sincere  condolence  and  prayers  in 
their  affliction. 

Resolved,  That  as  a  suitable  testimony  we  will  wear 
the  usual  badge  of  mourning,  and  that  we  will  attend 
the  funeral  in  a  body." 

Similar  resolutions  were  passed  by  the  pay  corps  at 
Vicksburg. 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE .  321 

A  very  tender  and  sympathizing  letter  was  written  to 
Maj.  Hazelton's  father  by  Maj.  A.  W.  Hendricks,  a 
brother  paymaster,  bearing  testimony  to  the  high  esteem 
in  which  the  deceased  was  held  by  his  companions,  and 
particulars  of  his  brief  sickness  and  sudden  death. 

When  the  long  catalogue  of  eminent  worthies  whose 
lives  were  laid  upon  the  altar  of  the  Union,  shall  be 
made  up,  among  them,  in  no  inferior  position,  will  be 
seen  the  name  of  Maj.  Moses  Kittredge  Hazelton. 


COL.   LOUIS    BELL. 

Louis  Bell  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Gov. 
Samuel  Bell,  and  was  born  in  Chester,  March  8,  1837. 
Among  his  older  brothers  were  Dr.  Luther  V.  Bell, 
long  at  the  head  of  the  McLean  Asylum  for  the  Insane 
at  Somerville,  Mass.,  Hon.  James  Bell,  a  distinguished 
lawyer  and  United  States  Senator,  and  Hon.  Samuel 
D.  Bell,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court. 

Capt.  Bell  fitted  for  college  at  Derry  and  Gilford  and 
graduated  at  Brown  University,  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  years.  Circumstances  prevented 
him  from  following  out  his  preference  for  a  military 
education  at  West  Point  and  a  commission  in  the  Regu- 
lar Army.  He,  however,  gave  himself  largely  to  the 
study  of  military  subjects,  thus  unconsciously  fitting 
himself  for  the  duties  of  his  subsequent  career.  Capt. 
Bell  prepared  himself  for  the  legal  profession,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  established  himself  in 
business  in  Farrnington. 


322  FIRS  T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

His  ability  and  high  personal  character  speedily 
secured  to  him  the  favor  and  confidence  of  the  commu- 
nity and  a  lucrative  practice.  In  1859  he  was  appoint- 
ed Justice  of  the  Police  Court  of  Farmington,  and  two 
\  years  later,  that  of  Solicitor  of  Strafford  County. 

When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out  he  imme- 
diately offered  his  services  to  Gov.  Goodwin,  and  was 
commissioned  Captain  of  Company  A  in  the  First  Reg- 
iment of  New  Hampshire  Volunteers.  He  served  with 
much  •  credit  through  the  campaign,  and  though  no 
occasions  were  presented  for  him  to  distinguish  him- 
self in  battle,  he  won  the  confidence,  esteem  and 
respect  of  both  officers  and  men. 

Subsequently  Capt.  Bell  was  appointed  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  New  Hampshire 
Volunteers,  and  on  the  27th  of  September,  1861,  left 
with  that  regiment  with  a  force  destined  for  an  expedi- 
tion against  Port  Royal  and  Beaufort,  S.  C.  At  the 
latter  post  Gen.  T.  W.  Sherman  was  in  command,  and 
discovering,  at  once,  Lieut. -Col.  Bell's  abilities,  made 
him  Inspector  General  and  Chief  of  Staff,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  while  Gen.  Sherman  remained  in  that  de- 
partment. In  the  discharge  of  this  duty  he  was,  in 
December,  sent  by  Gen.  Sherman,  in  a  light  steamer, 
to  make  a  reconnoissance  around  Port  Royal  Island. 
He  succeeded  in  unearthing  a  concealed  Rebel  battery, 
which  opened  fire  on  the  steamer,  slightly  wounding 
Col.  Bell  and  one  of  his  men. 

In  1862  Col.  Whipple  resigned  the  command  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment  and  Col.  Bell  was  promoted  to  the 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HA MPSHIRE.  323 

command  of  the  same.  In  April  of  that  year  he  was 
ordered,  with  seven  companies,  to  occupy  the  fortified 
town  of  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  which  service  he  rendered 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  general  Government 
and  that  of  the  town. 

In  October,  1862,  Col.  Bell  again  united  his  com- 
mand at  Beaufort,  to  join  an  expedition  designed  to  cut 
the  railroad  between  Charleston  and  Savannah,  at  the 
Pocotaligo  river.  In  the  engagement  that  followed,  his 
command  acquitted  themselves  with  much  credit,  and 
acted  as  a  rear-guard  on  the  retreat,  losing  about  thirty 

men    in    killed    and    wounded.     Col.  Bell   led  his  men 

• 

gallantly  and  was  again  slightly  wounded  by  a  splinter 
from  a  shell.  In  1863  began  the  series  of  operations 
against  Charleston  and  its  defences. 

A  greater  part  of  the  Summer  the  Fourth  Regiment 
was  employed  in  engineer  duty  among  the  Folly  and 
Morris  Islands,  where  Col.  Bell  made  many  experi- 
ments, and  with  much  success,  in  the  use  of  shell-fuse 
and  of  "Greek  fire,"  for  the  purpose  of  producing  con- 
flagrations. 

In  April,  1864,  Col.  Bell  was  ordered  with  his  regi- 
ment to  report  to  Gen.  Butler,  to  join  the  army  of  the 
James.  He  was  placed  in  command  of  a  brigade  con- 
sisting of  the  Fourth  New  Hampshire,  Thirteenth  In- 
diana, Ninth  Maine,  One  Hundred  Seventeenth  New 
York  and  Ninety-seventh  Pennsylvania  Regiments, 
with  which  he  took  part  in  the  affair  at  Swift  Creek, 
the  engagement  at  Drury's  BlufF,  and  the  series  of 
struggles  on  the  I7th,  2oth  and  2ist  of  May.  He  also 


324  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

held  the  left  of  the  line  in  the  battle  at  Cold  Harbor, 
and,  after  the  subsequent  flank  movement,  led  his 
brigade  to  the  assault  of  two  of  the  forts  before  Peters- 
burg, which  he  carried  in  handsome  style,  being  him- 
self among  the  first  to  enter  the  works. 

He  was  also  engaged  with  his  command  in  the  un- 
fortunate "Mine"  assault,  and  conducted  himself  so 
well  that  he  was  one  of  the  few  general  officers  con- 
cerned who  escaped  without  censure,  in  the  report  of 
the  Board  that  investigated  the  affair.  Col.  Bell's 
brigade  formed  a  part  of  both  the  expeditions  against 

Fort  Fisher. 

• 

Gen.  Terry  commanded  the  second  expedition.  Col. 
Bell's  brigade  formed  the  third  line  of  attack.  At  the 
signal  for  the  advance,  they  pushed  forward  in  admira- 
ble order,  their  leader  at  their  head,  into  a  storm  of 
fire. 

The  Colonel  had  just  congratulated  a  brother  officer 
on  the  splendid  behavior  of  his  men  as  they  reached 
the  ditch  in  front  of  the  work,  when  a  bullet  from  a 
rifle  of  a  sharpshooter,  on  the  crest  of  the  parapet  above 
them,  struck  him  in  the  left  breast  and  passed  down- 
ward through  his  body.  He  fell  mortally  wounded  and 
was  tenderly  borne  by  his  comrades  to  the  rear.  But 
he  would  not  leave  the  field  till  he  could  see  the  colors 
of  his  regiment  upon  the  fort,  and  it  was  but  a  moment 
before  his  dying  wish  was  gratified,  and  the  tattered 
ensign  of  the  Fourth  was  planted  upon  the  ramparts  of 
the  captured  stronghold.  On  the  following  day  the 
Secretary  of  War  arrived  at  Fort  Fisher,  and  by  com- 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  325 

mand  of  President  Lincoln,  he  conferred  upon  Col. 
Bell  the  brevet  rank  of  Brigadier  General  dating  from 
January  I5th,  the  day  when  he  received  his  fatal 
wound. 

Col.  Bell,  strictly  conscientious  in  the  performance  of 
duty,  thoroughly  skilled  in  every  detail  of  his  position, 
tenderly  solicitous  for  the  safety  and  comfort  of 
his  men  and  sharing  every  hardship  and  danger  with 
them,  honorable,  patriotic  and  eminent  for  prudence, 
coolness  and  courage,  was  universally  beloved  and 
respected. 


LIEUT. -COL.    JEREMIAH    D.    DREW. 

Jeremiah  D.  Drew  was  born  in  Brookfield,  N.  H., 
July  29th,  1821.  The  first  twenty-eight  years  of  his 
life,  until  1849,  were  passed  in  Brookfield,  New  Mar- 
ket and  Derry,  N.  H.,  and  Lawrence,  Mass.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  in  California,  whence  he  returned  in 
1851  and  settled  in^  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Col.  Drew,  though  not  educated  in  a  military  school, 
was,  in  times  of  peace,  not  a  novice  in  military  tactics. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  "Warren  Light 
Guards"  one  of  the  companies  of  the  Sixth  Mass.  Reg- 
iment, and  served  seven  years  in  the  Mass.  Militia,  be- 
fore the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  as  First  Lieutenant,  and 
subsequently  as  Captain  of  the  company,  thus  becom- 
ing fairly  qualified  for  the  actual  service  before  him. 
In  July,  1860,  Col.  Drew,  on  account  of  impaired 
health,  retired  from  business  and  removed,  with  his 
family,  to  Salem,  N.  H.  But  he  was  not  long  permitted 


326  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MP SHIRE. 

to  remain  in  retirement.  On  the  first  call  for  troops  by 
President  Lincoln,  Col.  Drew  immediately  went  to 
Concord  and  enlisted  at  the  State  House,  as  a  private, 
on  Apr.  i7th,  1861. 

He  was  at  once  appointed  a  recruiting  officer,  enlisted 
a  company  in  Salem,  N.  H.,  was  commissioned  as 
Captain  of  Co.  H,  First  N.  H.  Volunteers  for  three 
months  and  served  as  such  through  the  campaign.  On 
his  return  he  enlisted  a  company  for  three  years'  service 
in  the  Fourth  N.  H.  Vols.,  which  was  Co.  H  of  that 
regiment,  of  which  he  was  commissioned  Captain, 
Sept.  3,  1861.  Soon  after  he  was  promoted  to  Major 
of  the  regiment  and  on  Dec.  i,  1863,  was  again  promo- 
ted to  the  Lieutenant  Colonelcy  of  the  regiment,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  until  Sept.  17,  1864,  when  he 
was  honorably  discharged. 

On  the  expiration  of  his  military  term  of  service, 
which  also  terminated  the  three  years'  service  of  the 
regiment,  Col.  Drew  located  in  Lawrence,  Mass.,  where 
he  still  resides,  enjoying  the  respect  and  confidence  of 
his  fellow  citizens,  the  grateful  appreciation  of  his  ser- 
vices by  the  people  and  the  affectionate  esteem  of  his 
fellow  comrades. 

Col.  Drew  was  a  faithful  and  efficient  soldier  and 
officer  and  remains  among  us  a  true  and  patriotic  gen- 
tleman. 

MAJOR    EDWARD    E.    STURTEVANT. 

Edward  E.  Sturtevant  was  born  in  Keene,  N.  H., 
August  7,  1826.  He  was  the  son  of  George  W.  and 
Fanny  W.  Sturtevant. 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  327 

Capt.  Sturtevant  was  bred  to  the  occupation  of  a 
printer.  He  served  his  apprenticeship  in  his  native 
town  and  in  the  office  of  the  New  Hampshire  Courier 
in  Concord.  Subsequently  he  was  employed  in  the 
office  of  the  Statesman,  on  the  columns  of  the  Wash- 
ington Union  and  the  Richmond  Despatch,  on  all  of 
which  he  acquitted  himself  with  much  credit.  In  1855 
he  accepted  an  appointment  on  the  police  force  of  the 
city  of  Concord,  in  which  position  he  won  an  enviable 
reputation  for  shrewdness,  fidelity  and  courage,  holding 
the  position  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  He  was 
then  immediately  appointed  recruiting  officer  and  in  a 
few  days  enlisted  two  hundred  and  twenty-six  men  and 
was  commissioned  Captain  of  Company  I  in  the 
First  Regiment  of  New  Hampshire  Volunteer  Infantry, 
and  very  ably  served  in  that  capacity  to  the  close  of  the 
campaign. 

On  the  formation  of  the  "Fighting  Fifth"  he  was 
commissioned  Captain  of  Company  A  and  immortal- 
ized his  name  at  the  Rappahannock,  Yorktown,  Fair 
Oaks,  Peach  Orchard,  Savage's  Station,  White  Oaks 
Swamp,  Charles  City  Cross  Roads,  Malvern  Hill, 
South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Charlestown  and  Fredericks- 
burg.  He  was  commissioned  Major  in  July,  1862,  by 
merited  promotion.  Maj.  Sturtevant  was  never  more 
at  home  than  when  in  the  midst  of  the  greatest  expos- 
ures. While  his  regiment  was  building  the  famous 
"Grape  Vine  Bridge"  over  the  Chickahominy,  Maj. 
Sturtevant's  company  alone,  under  his  command,  cov- 
ered that  important  undertaking.  He  led  the  skirmish 


328  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

line  from  South  Mountain  to  Antietam,  and  in  McClel- 
lan's  advance  on  Charlestown.  He  entered  upon  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  acting  as  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
with  sad  presentiments  and  yet  with  cheerful  alacrity. 
"The  Fifth  left  scores  of  her  bravest  and  best  men  upon 
that  blood-stained  field ;  but  none  braver,  none  more 
imbued  with  generous  impulses  and  manly  devotion 
than  Ma]'.  Edward  E.  Sturtevant.  The  manner  of  his 
death — the  place  of  his  burial  are  unknown.  We  know 
only  that  he  was  seen  on  that  fatal  field  at  dark,  severe- 
ly wounded  by  a  minie  ball ;  that  he  was  buried  where 
he  would  have  chosen  to  be — on  the  field  where  he  fell, 
among  the  nameless  heroes  whose  interests  he  had  ever 
made  his  own.  'A  braver  man  or  more  faithful  friend 
never  yielded  up  his  spirit  amidst  the  clangor  of  arms 
and  the  wail  of  the  dying.' — Peace  to  his  memory." 


CAPT.    DANIEL    R.    KENNEY. 

The  following  sketch  comprises  all  the  facts  accessi- 
ble with  regard  to  Daniel  R.  Kenney,the  efficient  Cap- 
tain of  Co.  B  of  the  First  Regiment. 

Capt.  Kenney  was  born  in  Middlemen,  N.  H.,  about 
the  year  1820.  When  twelve  years  of  age  he  went  to 
Sandwich,  N.  H.,  and  resided  with  his  uncle  about 
four  years  and  labored  on  the  farm.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  removed  to  Massachusetts  where  he  resided  un- 
til war  was  declared  with  Mexico  in  1846. 

He  enlisted  into  the  regiment  commanded  by  Col. 
Caleb  Gushing,  was  made  a  Sergeant  and  served  under 
Col.  Gushing  during  the  war.  At  the  close  of  the  war 


FIRS  T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  329 

he  went  to  California  where  he  remained  about  four 
years.  Returning  to  Massachusetts  in  1850  or  1851,  he 
married  and  removed,  with  his  wife,  to  Sandwich,  N. 
H.,  and  purchased  a  farm  on  which  he  lived  until  1861. 
During  this  period  he  buried  his  wife,  and  heeding  the 
first  call  of  the  President  for  troops,  he  enlisted  in  the 
First  Regiment  N.  H.  Vols.,  was  commissioned  Cap- 
tain of  Co.  B,  and  served  as  such  to  the  close  of  the 
campaign. 

Subsequently  he  disposed  of  his  farm  and  enlisted  in 
the  Eighth  N.  H.  Vols.,  as  Sergeant  and  served  as  such 
until  he  was  promoted  to  a  Captaincy  in  the  Second 
Regiment  La.  Vols.  of  colored  troops.  When  the  war 
closed  Capt.  Kenney  emigrated  to  the  West  and  never 
returned  to  New  England.  He  died  a  few  years  since 
in  Chicago.  Captain  Kenney  left  one  daughter  who 
resides  in  Boston. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  no  fuller  record  of  Capt. 
Kenney's  life  has  been  available  ;  but  the  service  he 
rendered  in  the  First  Regiment  affords  ample  assurance 
that,  as  a  true  patriot  he  faithfully  served  his  country 
throughout  his  entire  military  career. 


LIEUT.    JOHN    L.     KELLEY.  • 

John  L.  Kelley  was  born  in  Madbury,  N.  H.,  Oct. 
23,  1811.  He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
school  and  the  Academy  at  Hampton  where  he  was  a 
schoolmate  of  Hon.  Daniel  Clark.  In  1828  he  went  to 
sea  as  a  common  sailor,  but  soon  rose  to  the  position  of 
mate  and  was  serving  in  that  capacity  when  in  1833  he 


330  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

fell  from  the  rigging,  breaking  his  hip  and  jaw  and 
was  transferred  to  the  hospital  in  Charleston,  S.  C., 
where  he  laid  three  months.  Thence  he  went  to  Wash- 
ington and  was  employed  by  John  Agg,  the  famous 
Congressional  reporter,  to  superintend  a  plantation  three 
miles  out  of  the  city.  After  three  years  Daniel  Web- 
ster hired  him  to  go  West  and  look  after  some  land 
there  which  occupied  his  time  two  years.  He  then 
taught  school  for  several  years  in  Princeton  and  Peru, 
111. 

In  1844  he  came  to  Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  was  em- 
ployed by  Childs  &  Hiland  and  the  Amoskeag  Com- 
pany as  a  painter  for  twenty  years.  Subsequently  he 
carried  on  the  painting  business  in  company  with  Chas. 
R.  Colley,  then  with  J.  J.  Abbott,  and  finally  alone. 

He  was  collector  of  taxes  in  1858-9,  and  City  Mar- 
shal in  1860.  When  the  war  broke  out  in  1861,  by 
order  of  the  Adjutant  General,  he  enlisted  two  compa- 
nies and  went  out  as  Captain  of  Company  C,  in  the 
First  New  Hampshire  Regiment.  When  the  regiment 
returned  he  came  with  it  and  opened  a  recruiting  office 
for  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  which  he  was  appointed 
Quartermaster,  and  subsequently,  at  Hilton  Head,  was 
given  a  Major's  commission,  and  came  home  as  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel in  November,  1865. 

In  January,  1865,  Maj.  Kelley  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion, which  Gen.  Gilmore  tabled,  and  set  on  foot  a 
movement  which  resulted  in  the  presentation  to  Maj. 
Kelley  a  very  valuable  watch  and  chain.  This  Maj. 
Kelly  declined  to  accept  for  the  reason  that  he  was  a 


flffS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  331 

disbursing   officer   and   had  no   right  to  receive  a  gift. 
He  wished  to  avoid  even  the  appearance  of  evil. 

The    following  letter   is   sufficient  testimony  of  Col. 
Kelley's  efficiency  and  popularity  in  the  army  : 

Headquarters  Dept.  of  the  South, 

Hilton  Head,  S.  C.,  Feb.  25,  1865. 
Hon.  E.  M.  Stanton, 

Secretary  of  War,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Sir: — I  desire  most  earnestly  to  recommend  Maj. 
John  L.  Kelley,  A.  Q.  M.,  for  promotion  to  the  brevet 
of  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Volunteers,  for  conspicuous 
zeal  and  ability  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties.  Maj. 
Kelley  has  charge  of  all  the  water  transportation  "of 
this  department.  He  has  held  this  position  since  1863, 
and  is  so  thoroughly  familiar  with  its  duties  and  dis- 
charges them  with  such  marked  efficiency  that  he  has 
frequently  attracted  my  attention.  When  the  Tenth 
Corps  was  moved  from  this  command,  last  April,  his 
services  were  indispensable  in  getting  off  troops.  He 
reported  last  December  to  Gen.  Sherman's  command  at 
Savannah,  Ga.,  with  vessels  laden  with  stores  for  his 
army.  His  promptness  and  efficiency  on  that  occasion 
elicited  from  Gen.  Sherman,  in  a  note  to  me,  the  warm- 
est praise.  He  says  he  is  especially  deserving  of  men- 
tion for  his  great  ability  in  the  management  of  men, 
and  thinks  he  ought  to  be  induced  to  enter  the  regular 
army,  which  he  seems  not  willing  to  do. 

Very  respectfully  your  obedient  servant, 

Q^  A.  Gilmore,  Maj.  Gen. 


33  2  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

In  the  Fall  of  1865  he  again  applied  for  a  discharge, 
but  instead  of  receiving  it  was  ordered  to  transfer  his 
stores  to  another  office  and  report  to  Quartermaster 
Gen.  Meigs  at  Washington,  who  informed  him  that 
after  a  few  months'  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf  at  New  Orleans  he  would  be  permitted  to  leave  the 
service.  He  was  then  ordered  for  duty  to  New  Orleans 
as  Inspector  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  there. 
He  took  the  order  to  the  White  House,  obtained  an  in- 
terview with  President  Johnson,  to  whom  he  stated  his 
case  in  full — his  length  of  service,  his  age,  his  general 
debility.  The  President  wrote  on  the  back  of  the 
order:  "Send  this  officer  home  with  an  honorable 
discharge"  and  thus  Col.  Kelley  was  enabled  to  get  out 
of  the  army.  He  returned  to  Manchester,  engaged  in 
business,  and  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city,  the  duties 
of  which  office  he  discharged  with  great  credit  to  him- 
self and  satisfaction  to  the  people.  Col.  Kelley  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  life  in  Manchester,  honored  and 
respected  by  his  fellow  citizens  as  a  man  of  ability, 
integrity  and  general  uprightness  of  character,  and 
passed  peacefully  away  at  his  own  home  on  May  i, 
1887. 

MAJOR    RICHARD    O.    GREENLEAF. 

When  the  call  for  75,000  men  to  defend  the  Union 
was  made  by  President  Lincoln,  Richard  O.  Greenleaf 
was  employed  in  Nashua  as  a  book-keeper.  He  at 
once  enlisted  from  that  city  into  the  First  (three  months) 
Regiment  and  was  appointed  Captain  of  Company  E. 


NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  333 


As  such  he  served  through  the  campaign,  winning  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  his  company,  and  of  the  regi- 
ment as  an  officer  and  a  gentleman. 

After  being  mustered  out  of  that  organization  Capt. 
Greenleaf  recruited  a  company  for  the  Fourth  Regi- 
ment, New  Hampshire  Volunteers,  and  went  into  the 
service  as  senior  Captain.  In  August,  1864,  he  re- 
ceived the  commission  of  Major,  but  declined  to  be 
mustered  as  such  on  account  of  ill  health,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service  at  the  expiration  of  his  three 
years'  term  of  enlistment.  The  Adjutant  General  of 
the  State",  however,  held  his  commission  open  until 
January,  1865,  his  disease,  chills  and  fever,  rendering 
it  still  impracticable  to  assume  the  responsibilities  of  a 
Major.  He  was  not,  however,  idle  during  this  period. 
He  was  detached  from  the  regiment  a  large  portion  of 
the  time  as  Provost  Marshal  at  different  points,  viz,  at 
Jacksonville,  Fla.,  Beaufort,  S.  C.,  Morris  Island  and 
also  in  the  Army  of  the  James  in  Virginia. 

After  the  war  closed,  in  1866,  Maj.  Greenleaf  com- 
menced business  in  Nashua,  continuing  there  until 
1872,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago,  remaining  there 
until  1878,  when  he  returned  again  to  Nashua  where  he 
resided  until  1881,  and  then  went  to  Joliet,  111.,  where 
he  resides  at  this  writing.  He  is  book-keeper  and 
-cashier  in  this  latter  city,  of  a  large  manufacturing 
company,  and  President  of  the  Board  of  Education, 
positions  of  trust  which  bear  ample  testimony  to  the 
character  and  worth  of  the  man. 


334  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

LIEUT.   COL.    IRA    McL.    BARTON. 

Lieut.  Col.  Ira  McL.  Barton,  the  oldest  son  of  Hon. 
L.  W.  Barton,  was  born  in  Newport,  Mar.  nth,  1840. 
His  mother  died  when  he  was  five  days  old  and  he  was 
kindly  taken  and  reared  by  a  relative  until  the  re-mar- 
riage of  his  father  in  1852,  when  he  became  a  member 
of  his  family.  He  fitted  for  college  at  Kimball  Union 
Academy  and  entered  Dartmouth  in  the  Fall  of  1858, 
but  the  following  year  he  became  a  law  student  in  the 
office  of  his  father  and  assisted  him  in  labor  as  Register 
of  Deeds. 

^p 

He  commenced  teaching  school  at  the  age.  of  seven- 
teen years  and  taught  five  terms  with  marked  success. 
Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  though  but 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  was  the  first  man  to  enlist 
in  Sullivan  County.  He  recruited  Co.  D,  First  N.  H. 
Volunteers,  and  was  commissioned  its  Captain.  At  the 
expiration  of  the  term  of  service  he  returned  and  im- 
mediately commenced  the  enlistment  of  another  com- 
pany and  was  commissioned  Captain  of  Co.  F,  Fifth 
Regiment  N.  H.  Volunteers,  known  as  the  "Fighting 
Fifth."  After  serving  in  the  Peninsular  campaign,  un- 
der Gen.  McClellan,  when  he  won  the  commendation  of 
his  superior  officers  for  bravery  and  for  his  care  of  his 
men,  he  returned  home  sick,  but  recovering  he  en- 
listed a  company  of  heavy  artillery.  He  went  with  his 
men  to  Fort  Foote,  near  Washington,  D.  C.,  as  Cap- 
tain of  Co.  B. 

In  1864  he  was  sent  home  to  organize  a  regiment  of 
heavy  artillery.  He  raised  the  regiment  and  was  com- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  335 

missioned  by  Gov.  Gilmore,  Lieutenant-Colonel.  He 
was  in  command  of  Fort  Sumner  in  the  defences  around 
Washington  at  the  time  of  the  assassination  of  President 
Lincoln,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  the  Summer 
following,  at  Concord.  He  was  soon  after  appointed 
Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Twenty-Eighth  Infantry  of  the 
regular  army  and  was  ordered  to  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.  He 
was  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant  of  the  same  company. 
In  this  capacity  he  served  for  two  years  when  he  re- 
signed and  was  appointed  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
Tenth  Arkansas  Judicial  District.  He  remained  in  this 
position  till  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Criminal 
Court  for  that  district  and  filled  that  office  with  marked 
ability  for  two  years  when  he  resigned  and  took  the 
position  of  editor  of  the  Jeffersonian  Republican,  a  Re- 
publican paper  at  Pine  Bluff,  where  he  remained  till 
December,  1874.  ^n  tne  contest  of  Brooks  and  Baxter 
for  Governor  of  the  State,  he  commanded  Baxter's 
forces. 

After  this  contest  was  settled  and  Baxter  was  declared 
Governor,  he  returned  to  Newport  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  his  father  in  the  practice  of  the  law, 
where  he  died  Jan.  ipth,  1876,  before  he  had  reached 
his  thirty-sixth  birthday. 

Possessed  of  brilliant  native  talent ;  disciplined  and 
developed  by  intellectual  culture,  of  generous,  humane, 
philanthropic  impulses  ;  of  the  nicest  sense  of  honor  ; 
true,  strong,  unwavering  in  his  friendship;  he  won  for 
himself  the  highest  esteem  of  the  entire  circle  of  his 
acquaintances.  Soldiers  always  found  him  a  true  com- 


336  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

rade  and  friend,  and  the  needy  and  suffering  of  all 
classes  were  sure  of  his  sympathy  and  aid,  and  sorrow 
filled  the  hearts  of  all  that  his  "sun  went  down  while 
it  was  yet  day." 


CAPT.    AUGUSTUS    S.    EDGERLY. 

Capt.  Augustus  S.  Edgerly  was  born  in  that  part  of 
Sanbornton,  N.  H.,  known  as  the  "Bay  Meeting 
House,"  June  19,  1830.  He  was  the  only  son  of  Jona- 
than and  Abigail  Edgerly.  Until  the  age  of  eighteen 
years  he  lived  at  home  and  worked  on  the  farm  with 
his  father.  His  education  was  such  as  he  could  acquire 
in  the  common  schools,  with  a  few  terms  at  what  was 
called  a  high  school  kept  in  the  vestry  of  the  old 
church. 

At  about  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  went  to 
Lowell,  Mass.,  and  commenced  learning  the  machinist's 
trade  in  the  Lowell  machine  shop,  and  continued  to 
work  at  that  business  most  of  the  time  in  Lowell,  Bel- 
mont,  N.  H.,  and  Nashua,  N.  H.,  being  employed  at 
the  last  named  place  in  the  repair  shop  of  the  Nashua 
Manufacturing  Company  in  1861.  He  was  an  efficient 
member  of  the  Nashua  Fire  Department  and,  in  1861, 
foreman  of  Niagara  Engine  Company,  No.  5. 

Like  so  many  other  young  men  of  those  stirring 
times,  he  was  filled  with  patriotic  ardor  by  the  fall  of 
Fort  Sumter  and  the  President's  call  for  75,000  men  to 
defend  the  Nation's  life.  Partly  through  his  influence  a 
military  company  was,  in  a  few  days  organized,  com- 
posed mostly  of  members  of  the  engine  company — 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  337 

enough  from  outside  being  enlisted  to  make  up  the 
required  number — and  was  given  the  name  of  the  Niag- 
ara Rifles.  When  the  company  was  organized  Augus- 
tus S.  Edgerly  was  unanimously  elected  its  Captain. 
The  company  was  mustered  into  the  State  service  and 
sent  to  Concord,  where  it  became  Company  F  of  the 
First  Regiment  New  Hampshire  Volunteers,  and  was 
mustered  into  trie  United  States  service  with  that  regi- 
ment for  three  months.  Capt.  Edgerly  discharged  his 
duty  faithfully,  and  evinced  a  decided  taste  for  military 
life.  He  returned  home  with  the  regiment,  and  on  the 
organization  of  the  Ninth  Regiment  he  received  a  com-' 
mission  as  Captain  of  Company  C  in  that  regiment. 

He  led  his  company  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain 
and  Antietam,  and  at  Fredericksburg,  where  he  was 
wounded  by  a  ball  passing  through  his  right  hand.  He 
was  with  his  regiment  in  all  the  battles  in  which  it  was 
engaged,  both  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  Ken- 
tucky and  before  Vicksburg,  and  was  a  brave  and  faith- 
ful officer.  After  the  return  of  the  Ninth  from  the  West 
it  was  placed  in  the  Second  Brigade,  Second  Division, 
with  the  Sixth  and  Eleventh  New  Hampshire  under  the 
command  of  Col.  S.  G.  Griffin.  They  crossed  the 
Rappahannock  and  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on 
the  4th  of  May,  1864,  and  on  the  6th  of  May  in  the 
terrible  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Capt.  Edgerly  was 
killed  while  serving  on  the  staff  of  Col.  Griffin. 

A  short  time  before  his  regiment  went  to  the  front, 
Capt.  Edgerly  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Eugenie 
Smith  of  Nashua. 


33^  F7XS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

LIEUT.   COL.    OILMAN    E.    SLEEPER. 

Oilman  E.  Sleeper  was  born  in  East  Kingston,  N. 
H.,  May  10,  1831.  He  was  in  early  life  bred  to  the 
trade  of  a  shoemaker,  but  his  tastes  and  aspirations 
were  not  met  by  that  calling  and  having  a  military  turn 
of  mind,  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years  he  sought  and 
obtained  admission  to  the  military  academy  at  West 
Point  where  he  remained  about  two  and  a  half  years. 
Returning  to  New  Hampshire  he  married  and  settled  in 
business  at  Salem,  N.  H.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion,  he  promptly  enlisted  at  Manchester 
in  the  First  Regiment  of  N.  H.  Volunteers  and  was  ' 
appointed  Captain  of  Co.  K.  In  this  capacity  he 
served  throughout  the  campaign  with  efficiency,  endear- 
ing himself,  not  only  to  his  men  but  to  the  officers  and 
soldiers  of  the  entire  regiment. 

On  the  discharge  of  the  regiment,  Captain  Sleeper 
opened  an  office  at  Manchester  and  recruited  a  company 
for  the  Fourth  Regiment  and  was  mustered  in  as  Cap- 
tain of  that  company  on  the  i8th  of  September,  1861. 

As  the  result  of  Captain  Sleeper's  efficient  drill,  his 
company  came  to  rank  among  the  first  in  the  regiment 
for  soldierly  appearance  and  he  was  esteemed  as  one  of 
the  most  efficient  officers  in  the  line. 

On  May  i6th,  1862,  Capt.  Sleeper  was  promoted  to 
the  office  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Fourth  Regi- 
ment, of  which  he  often  during  the  remainder  of  its 
service  held  the  command.  The  high  standing  and 
efficiency  of  the  regiment  were  largely  due  to  Capt. 
Sleeper's  long  connection  with  it  and  his  judicious  and 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  339 

untiring  efforts.  He  was  warmly  endorsed  by  John  L. 
Kelley,  a  Captain  in  the  First  Regiment  and  Quartermas- 
ter of  the  Fourth  and  subsequently  Mayor  of  Manches- 
ter, as  having  demeaned  himself  as  a  faithful  officer 
and  good  citizen  throughout  his  term  of  service,  and  as 
being  amply  qualified  to  command  a  regiment  of 
Infantry. 

In  1864  Col. -Sleeper's  health  failed  him  and  he  was 
honorably  discharged  from  the  service. 

Col.  Sleeper  died  at  Salem,  N.  H.,  Oct.  22,  1864. 


GEN.     RICHARD    N.     BATCHELDER. 

There  are  a  few  men  of  every  generation  who,  with- 
out dazzling  mankind  by  their  personal  magnetism,  or 
exciting  its  wonder  by  the  versatility  of  their  genius, 
are  nevertheless  controlling  factors  in  shaping  the  events 
of  life.  They  are  men  who  influence  the  world,  not  by 
sudden  flashes  of  intellectual  brilliancy,  not  by  court- 
ing its  favor,  not  by  playing  upon  its  passions,  but  by 
the  steady  grandeur  of  their  inherent  strength  and  the 
vigor  of  their  mental  and  moral  superiority.  They 
move  along  with  the  evenness  and  majesty  of  a  mighty 
river,  deep  in  volume  and  irresistible  in  force.  Of  this 
class  is  Gen.  Richard  N.  Batchelder,  one  of  the  first 
volunteers  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  who  rose,  step 
by  step,  through  merit  alone,  from  the  rank  of  Quarter- 
master of  the  First  New  Hampshire  Regiment,  to  the 
exalted  station  of  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  the  largest  army  of  the  Republic. 


3  4°  FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP SHIRE. 

Gen.  Batchelder  was  one  of  the  strong  characters  of 
the  war.  In  any  walk  of  life  he  would  have  been  a 
leader.  His  cast  of  mind,  his  clear  understanding,  his 
correct  judgment,  his  habits  of  thought,  his  positive 
convictions,  his  untiring  energy  and  his  executive  abil- 
ity, all  tended  to  make  him  a  commander  among  men. 
Had  he  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits,  to  a 
profession,  to  literature,  or  to  any  vocation  other  than 
military,  he  would  have  been  equally  prominent,  equal- 
ly able,  and  equally  influential.  His  is  a  spirit  born  to 
lead.  Even  in  youth  and  early  manhood  he  was 
naturally  looked  to  as  a  guiding  and  controlling  force. 
While  there  is  nothing  objectionably  austere  in  his  man- 
ner and  appearance,  there  is  certainly  about  him  that 
atmosphere  of  firmness  and  that  decision  of  character 
which  emanate  from  an  intense  personality.  He  is 
never  presumptuous,  never  ostentatious,  never  officious. 
In  all  those  thousand  and  one  emergencies  that  test  the 
calibre  of  men  he  has  been  so  self-possessed,  so  clear 
in  his  conception  of  duty,  so  considerate  of  others,  and 
at  the  same  time  so  unflinchingly  persistent  and  inde- 
fatigably  diligent  in  reaching  the  object  to  be  attained, 
that  he  has  not  only  inspired  the  attachment  of  his  sub- 
ordinates, but  commanded  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  his  superiors.  The  foundation  stone  of  his  eminent 
manhood  is  integrity.  There  is  no  deceit  in  his  make- 
up. In  the  light  or  shade  of  changing  time  he  stands 
out  prominent  as  a  man  of  irreproachable  character  and 
sterling  worth.  Gentle  as  a  child  in  the  household,  gen- 
ial, companionable,  and  intensely  loyal  in  his  friendship, 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  341 

trusted,  respected  and  honored  in  public  positions,  he 
rounds  up  and  averages  to  the  standard  of  our  foremost 
men. 

Quiet  and  unpretentious  in  his  manners,  a  man  of 
few  words,  he  possesses  that  genius  of  success  which 
early  in  the  trials  of  the  country  found  high  place  in 
the  recognition  of  such  commanders  as  Sedgwick, 
Stone,  Simmer,  Ingalls,  Howard,  Meade,  Hancock  and 
Grant.  It  seemed  to  these  men  that  Gen.  Batchelder 
was  not  only  born  a  co-patriot,  but  a  fellow  soldier  and 

leader.     They  hastened  to  avail  themselves  not  only  of 
/ 

his  clear  vision  and  valuable  advice,  but  of  his  friend- 
ship and  association  in  the  great  enterprises  of  the  Re- 
bellion. No  officer  of  the  war  was  held  in  higher 
esteem  by  the  commanders  of  our  armies  than  Gen. 
Batchelder,  and  few  officers  received  higher  encomiums 
in  official  reports  and  recommendations  for  promotion. 
No  officer  of  the  Quartermaster's  Corps  was  compli- 
mented with  more  brevet  rank,  and  none  received 
more  numerous  and  frequent  promotions. 

"  It  is  with  officers  of  such  qualifications  that  it  is 
desirable  we  should  fill  up  the  standing  army,"  wrote 
the  laconic  Grant  when  he  indorsed  Batchelder's  appli- 
cation for  appointment  in  the  regular  army. 

Said  the  gallant  Hancock,  "I  consider  him  (Batch- 
elder)  the  most  efficient  officer  of  the  department  in  the 
volunteer  service  for  duty  in  the  field  of  all  whom  I 
met." 

Said  Gen.  Meade:  "Gen.  Batchelder's  services  for 
the  two  years  I  commanded  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 


342  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

are  well  known  to  me."  He  "not  only  managed  his 
important  department  with  great  judgment  and  skill, 
but  rendered  me  essential  service  on  the  battlefield  as 
a  staff  officer,  showing  high  personal  gallantry  in  the 
immediate  presence  of  the  enemy." 

"No  officer,"  says  Howard,  "with  whom  I  have  had 
the  fortune  to  serve  ever  had  at  all  times  my  more  com- 
plete confidence." 

"  He  has  not  a  superior  in  ability  and  experience  in 
his  department,"  is  the  opinion  of  Gen.  Ingalls,  who 
was  Batchelder's  superior  officer  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Corps. 

"No  other  man's  services  can  exceed  his,  in  the 
claim  they  make  upon  the  consideration  and  gratitude 
of  his  countrymen,"  wrote  Gen.  Francis  A.  Walker,  the 
historian  of  the  Second  Corps,  in  one  of  his  recom- 
mendations of  Batchelder. 

Such  testimony  could  be  multiplied  to  any  extent,  for 
whether  in  the  field  or  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  at 
the  various  posts  to  which  he  has  been  assigned  since 
the  close  of  the  war,  Batchelder  has  always  impressed 
those  who  surrounded  him  with  the  strength,  breadth 
and  nobility  of  his  character. 

It  was  as  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  when  he  was  but  thirty-one  years  of  age, 
that  his  great  powers  were  the  fullest  displayed,  having 
charge  of  the  immense  baggage  trains  of  that  great 
force,  the  duties  of  which  position  would  have  crushed 
the  ordinary  mind  with  its  immensity.  Yet  he  handled 
this  great  train  of  5,000  wagons  and  27,000  horses  and 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  343 

mules,  on  the  campaign  from  the  Rapidan  to  the  James, 
with  a  magical  control  that  will  pass  him  down  to  pos- 
terity as  one  of  the  most  commanding  intellects  devel- 
oped in  the  great  conflict  between  the  States. 

Somebody  has  said  "That  whoever  can  successfully 
handle  the  supply  trains  of  an  army  would  be  capable 
of  commanding  that  army."  It  is,  therefore,  safe  to 
say  that  had  Batchelder's  path  of  duty  led  him  into  the 
line  instead  of  the  staff  department  of  the  army  he 
would  today  be  equally  famous  in  history  with  the  great 
volunteer  generals  who  have  left  such  an  impress  upon 
their  country.  He  possesses  the  comprehensive  mind 
necessary  to  plan  a  campaign,  and  the  executive  force 
to  carry  his  own  plans  to  a  successful  termination.  No 
difficulty  appals  him,  no  danger  unnerves  him,  and  no 
task  is  to  him  a  hardship.  His  reserve  powers  are  won- 
derful, and  he  anticipates  all  possible  contingencies. 
His  thoughts  at  once  grasp  all  the  details  of  a  situation, 
and  he  is  never  surprised  by  the  happening  of  events 
or  the  miscarriage  of  plans.  There  is  today  no  more 
efficient  officer  in  the  service. 

Gen.  Batchelder  is  a  native  and  citizen  of  New 
Hampshire,  to  which  State  his  achievements  and  fame 
are  a  just  pride.  He  was  born  in  the  old  town  of  Mer- 
edith, July  27,  1832.  His  parents  were  Nathan  and 
Peace  Clifford  Batchelder,  people  of  eminent  respecta- 
bility and  social  standing  in  that  community.  During 
his  early  years  the  family  moved  to  Manchester,  and  in 
the  public  schools  of  that  city  he  was  educated.  After 
leaving  school  hie  was  associated  with  his  father  in  the 


344  FIR  s  T  NE  w  HA  MP  SHIRE. 

enterprise  of  railroad  construction.  He  had  uncommon 
aptitude  for  business,  and  was  soon  recognized  as  one 
of  the  most  promising  citizens  of  Manchester.  He  was 
elected  a  director  of  the  Merrimack  River  State  Bank 
in  1858,  and  soon  after  was  chosen  a  trustee  and  mem- 
ber of  the  investment  committee  of  the  City  Savings 
Bank,  positions  which  he  held  acceptably  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

He  early  developed  a  taste  for  public  affairs.  Even 
before  he  was  of  age  he  took  an  active  interest  in  poli- 
tics then  agitated  by  the  important  issues  growing  out 
of  the  slavery  question.  Although  coming  of  staunch 
Democratic  stock  he  identified  himself  with  the  Repub- 
lican party,  and  was  soon  the  acknowledged  local 
leader.  He  was  an  untiring  worker  and  a  most  effec- 
tive organizer.  He  saw  at  a  glance  the  vital  points  of 
a  political  canvass,  comprehended  its  details,  and  had  a 
wonderful  knowledge  of  men,  attributes  which  were  of 
still  greater  service  to  him  during  his  subsequent  mili- 
tary career.  The  latter  being  of  more  recent  date  has 
overshadowed  his  early  civic  life,  which  had  it  been  un- 
interrupted by  the  war  would  have  placed  him  in  the 
front  rank  of  the  present  day  as  an  exponent  of  public 
opinion,  and  would  have  brought  to  him  distinguished 
honors  at  the  hands  of  his  fellow  citizens.  There  is 
hardly  a  public  man  of  today  who  is  so  well  informed 
on  national  questions,  or  who  has  so  thorough  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  affairs  of  government,  as  he.  While  his 
volunteer  service  in  the  field  and  his  subsequent  life  in 
the  regular  army  have  obliged  him  to  concentrate  his 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE.  345 

mind  upon  military  affairs,  he  would  be  equally  at  home 
in  any  department  of  the  government. 

His  first  public  office  was  that  of  Collector  of  the  city 
of  Manchester,  at  that  time  considered  on  account  of  its 
salary  the  best  office  in  the  State.  To  this  responsible 
position  he  was  elected  without  effort  or  knowledge  on 
his  part  of  the  contemplated  action  of  the  City  Govern- 
ment. So  great  was  the  confidence  reposed  in  him  in 
business  circles  that  his  bond,  which  was  a  large  one, 
was  furnished  without  solicitation.  This  office  he  held 
two  terms.  He  was  afterwrards  a  member  of  the  Legis- 
lature for  two  years  from  his  ward  in  Manchester,  and 
that  city  never  had  a  member  more  thoroughly  active 
in  its  interests.  In  fact  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
Manchester  has  always  been  his  concern.  The  secur- 
ing to  the  city  from  United  States  Government  of  its 
elegant  public  building  was  his  conception,  and  the  bill 
for  its  erection  which  was  introduced  in  the  United 
•States  Senate  by  Senator  Blair,  and  so  ably  championed 
by  him,  was  drafted  by  Gen.  Batchelder.  To  Senator 
Blair  who  had  it  in  charge  he  gave  most  efficient  aid  in 
securing  its  consideration  in  the  house  after  it  had 
passed  the  Senate.  For  several  years  Batchelder  was 
on  duty  at  Washington.  During  that  time  there  was 
nothing  of  important  interest  to  New  Hampshire  before 
Congress  or  the  Departments  that  did  not  receive  his 
hearty  encouragement  and  support,  and  but  few  matters 
of  moment  to  the  State  that  were  not  directly  or  indi- 
rectly aided  by  his  enthusiastic  energy  and  valuable 
suggestion.  To  have  him  enlisted- in  a  cause  was  to 


346  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

secure  for  it  the  favor  of  whoever  represented  New 
Hampshire  in  Congress,  whether  it  were  Rollins, 
Blair,  Chandler,  Cheney,  Pike,  Briggs,  Gallinger,  Ray, 
Hall  or  Haynes. 

Batchelder's  career  is  a  grand  success  in  achieve- 
ments and  honors.  His  services  have  been  his  State's 
and  his  country's.  He  has  been  loyal  and  devoted  to 
both.  He  has  merited  and  enjoyed  public  confidence  in 
civic  and  military  life.  His  record  is  without  spot  or 
blemish.  He  is  a  worthy  son  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
he  ranks  with  the  noblest  and  best  of  her  sons  in  the 
greatness  of  his  mind  and  the  purity  of  his  moral  qual- 
ities. 

COL.    HENRY    OAKES    KENT. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch — Henry  Oakes  Kent — 
was  born  in  Lancaster,  N.  H.,  Feb.  7,  1834.  At  an 
early  age  he  pursued  a  course  of  preparatory  study  and 
entered  the  Norwich  Military  University,  with  which 
the  names  of  Capt.  Alden  Partridge  and  Gen.  Truman 
B.  Ransom  are  so  honorably  associated,  and  graduated 
from  that  Institution  with  an  honorable  record  in  the 
class  of  1854. 

His  military  tastes  and  training  naturally  led  him  to 
identify  himself  with  the  old  militia  in  its  later  days, 
in  which  he  was  Inspector  on  the  Division  Staff  of  the 
Third  Division.  When  the  Cavalry  Regiment,  known 
as  the  "Governor's  Horse  Guards,"  was  organized  in 
1860,  he  was  elected  and  appointed  its  Major,  afterwards 
riding  as  Colonel. 


FfKST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  347 

In  the  opening  of  the  year  1861  he  was  owner  and 
editor  of  a  weekly  paper  at  Lancaster.  On  the  out- 
break of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  he  was  summoned 
to  Concord,  April  i7th,  by  Adj. -Gen.  Abbott  and  com- 
missioned to  superintend  recruiting  in  Northern  New 
Hampshire.  Opening  an  office  at  Lancaster,  he  re- 
cruited the  men  who,  with  the  Laconia  recruits,  after- 
wards made  up  Co.  F  of  the  Second  N.  H.  Volunteers. 
But  a  few  days  elapsed  before,  the  First  Regiment  being 
more  than  full,  he  was  ordered  to  Concord  to  await 
further  instructions.  More  than  enough  men  for  a 
single  regiment,  having  responded  to  the  call  for  volun- 
teers, Gov.  Goodwin  ordered  the  surplus  to  Portsmouth, 
intending  to  organize  therefrom  a  Second  Regiment  of 
three  months'  men,  and  to  form  a  garrison,  under  the 
authority  of  an  order  issued  by  Maj.-Gen.  John  E. 
Wood,  commanding  the  "  Department  of  the  East,"  to 
guard  the  city  of  Portsmouth  and  the  Navy  Yard  there, 
against  anticipated  attacks  from  Rebel  privateers.  Gen. 
Abbott  being  confined  at  Concord  with  the  affairs  of  the 
First  Regiment,  the  following  commission  was  issued  by 
the  Governor  : 

"  STATE  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE, 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT, 

Concord,  Apr.  30,  1861. 
To  Col.  Henry  O.  Kent. 

You  are  hereby  appointed  Assistant  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral for  the  State  of  New  Hampshire,  and  are  com- 
manded to  repair  at  once  to  Portsmouth  for  the  purpose 
of  discharging  the  duties  of  said  appointment  as  you 


348  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

may  be  directed  from  time  to  time  by  Adj. -Gen.  Abbott, 
in  relation  to  the  troops  about  assembling  there,  and 
you  are  to  be  respected  accordingly. 

Ichabod  Goodwin,    Governor" 


Impression 

of  the 
State  Seal. 


Col.  Kent  immediately  responded  to  this  call  and,  in 
company  with  Hon.  Thomas  L.  Tullock,  then  Secre- 
tary of  State,  repaired  to  Portsmouth,  made  ample  pro- 
visions for  the  accommodation. of  the  troops  who  were 
rapidly  arriving,  until  more  than  one  thousand  men  en- 
listed for  three  months  were  on  the  ground.  A  regi- 
ment was  organized  and  placed  under  command  of  Col. 
Thomas  P.  Pierce,  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  War. 
Brig. -Gen.  George  Stark  was  at  that  time  in  command 
of  the  Post,  with  Oliver  W.  Lull — afterward  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Eighth,  killed  at  Port  Hudson — as  Aide- 
de-Camp.  One  company  of  these  recruits  was  sent  to 
Fort  Constitution  to  relieve  a  party  of  private  citizens 
who  had  volunteered,  under  the  veteran  Gen.  Josiah  G. 
Hadley,  to  hold  the  Fort.  Soon  after  this  it  was  decided 
not  to  accept  a  Second  Regiment  of  three  months'  men, 
and  a  large  percentage  of  the  men  enlisted  to  make  up 
a  regiment  for  three  years'  service.  This  regiment 
marched  for  the  front  under  command  of  Col.  Gilman 
Marston,  on  June  20,  1861. 

Col.  Kent  remained  at  Portsmouth,  discharging  the 
duties  of  Adjutant-General,  and  reporting  chiefly  to 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  349 

Governor  Goodwin  who  resided  there  during  his  term 
of  office  until  the  garrison  at  the  Fort  had  served  out 
their  time  and  then,  in  July  1861,  mustered  them  out. 

On  closing  his  duties  at  Portsmouth,  Col.  Kent 
offered  his  services  to  Gov.  Berry,  who  had  succeeded 
Governor  Goodwin,  wherever  they  would  be  most 
useful,  and  returned  to  his  private  business  in  Lancas- 
ter to  await  any  call  that  might  be  made  upon  him. 

In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  was  made  chairman  of  the  Military  Commit- 
tee. He  wrote  the  resolutions  of  thanks  to  the  troops 
and  drafted  the  bill  for  a  State  Hospital  which  was 
passed  that  year. 

In  the  Autumn  of  1862  a  call  came  to  New  Hamp- 
shire for  three  regiments.  Col.  Kent  was  summoned  to 
Concord  in  consultation  with  the  Governor  and  Coun- 
cil, where  it  was  decided  to  assign  one  regiment  to  each 
of  the  (then)  three  Congressional  Districts,  appoint  the 
field  officers  and  call  for  volunteers  to  go  with  them. 
Co}.  Kent  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  Seven- 
teenth for  the  Third  District,  and  in  response  to  the  call, 
more  than  the  minimum  of  a  regiment  volunteered  to 
go  with  him — a  full  company  of  whom  volunteered 
from  his  own  town.  The  presumed  exigencies  of  the 
service,  occasioned  an  order  to  fill  the  regiments  in  this 
numerical  order,  and  hence  men  who  volunteered  in  the 
Third  District  were  assigned  to  the  regiments  preceding 
this — delaying  and  finally  preventing  its  recruitment  to 
the  maximum  so  that  after  five  months  in  camp,  during 
which  time,  instruction  and  discipline  were  fully  ob- 


350  FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

served — all  efforts  to  secure  assignment  to  duty  as  a 
separate  command  having  failed — the  regiment  was 
consolidated  with  the  Second,  served  in  the  bloody 
Gettysburg  campaign  and,  at  the  expiration  of  its  term 
of  service,  was  publicly  thanked  on  the  field  for  its  dis- 
cipline, bravery  and  devotion. 

Since  the  war  Col.  Kent  has  been  a  man  of  great 
activity  and,  in  many  ways,  prominent  before  the 
people.  His  versatile  talents  have  been  evinced  in  his 
editorial,  manufacturing  and  agricultural  labors  ;  as  an 
attorney,  director  of  insurance  companies,  and  in  bank- 
ing. He  has  been  a  Presidential  Elector,  frequently  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  both  branches. 
Three  times  he  has  been  a  candidate  for  Congress. 
He  has  been  Past  Commander  of  his  Post  of  the  G.  A. 
R.,  Judge  Advocate  of  the  State  Department,  and 
Trustee  of  the  original  Veterans'  Association  at  the 
Weirs,  of  which  he  is  now  one  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee. 

Col.  Kent  served  as  Naval  Officer  of  the  port  of 
Boston  under  President  Cleveland's  administration, 
being  appointed  January  i,  1886. 

Col.  Kent  is  a  popular  and  attractive  orator,  and  has 
been  much  engaged  in  public  speaking  on  national  and 
political  topics.  In  1884,  at  Chicago,  he  seconded  the 
nomination  of  Mr.  Cleveland  in  an  able  speech. 
While  Naval  Officer  he  was  often  called  upon  to  repre- 
sent the  Federal  government  in  speeches  —  notably  at 
Fanuel  Hall  on  Bunker  Hill  Day  in '1887  ;  at  the  ban- 
quet by  the  John  A.  Andrew  Post  G.  A.  R.  of  Boston  to 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  35 1 

the  Robert  E.  Lee  Gamp  of  Confederate  veterans  of 
Richmond,  and  in  the  same  place,  April  19,  1889,  at 
the  meeting  of  the  minute  men  of  1861,  on  the  anniver- 
sary of  Lexington  and  Baltimore,  he  responded  to  the 
toast,  "  The  President  of  the  United  States." 

Col.  Kent  is  a  prominent  Mason  —  Past  Master  of 
North  Star  Lodge,  and  Past  Grand  Commander  of 
Knights  Templar  of  the  State. 


Thanks  are  due  to  Hon.  George  W.  Nesmith  and  his 
daughter  for  the  memoranda  from  which  the  following 
sketch  is  made. 

ARTHUR    SIDNEY    NESMITH. 

Arthur  S.  Nesmith,  the  second  and  only  surviving 
son  of  Hon.  and  Mrs.  George  W.  Nesmith,  was  born 
in  Franklin,  N.  H.,  March  30,  1833.  He  early  devel- 
oped a  good  native  talent  which  was  cultivated  in  the 
public  schools,  especially  under  the  tuition  of  Mr.  B. 
M.  Tyler  who  was  reputed  as  a  superior  instructor. 
He  also  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the  Pembroke  Acad- 
emy and  other  institutions  of  learning.  When  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  by  the  solicitation  of  his 
friend  Col.  M.  W.  Tappan,  he  resigned  his  position  as 
Station  Agent  at  Penacook  and  enlisted  in  the  First 
Regiment  N.  H.  Volunteers,  and  served  through  the 
three  months'  campaign. 

Says  his  aged  and  honored  father — "He  was  my 
only  son  and  I  gave  my  consent  to  his  new  army  life 
with  some  reluctance,  and  not  until  his  mother  and  sis- 


3  5  2  FIRS T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

ter  had  given  theirs,"  facts  that  illustrate  at  once  the 
father's  sacrifice  of  the  support  of  his  declining  years, 
the  patriotism  of  our  New  Hampshire  women,  and  the 
filial  submission  of  a  son  in  his  majority. 

After  a  short  interval  Arthur  accepted  the  position  of 
Quartermaster  of  the  Third  Regiment,  and  was  ordered 
to  the  South  Carolina  coast  where  he  contracted  malaria 
and  was  obliged,  on  Sept.  3,  1862,  to  return  home. 
His  complaints  assumed  a  chronic  form,  from  the 
effects  of  which  he  never  fully  recovered.  He  resigned 
his  position  and  was  honorably  discharged.  In  the 
Summer  of  1863  he  so  far  regained  his  health  that  he 
applied  for  and  received  the  appointment  of  Assistant 
Brigade  Quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  Captain,  and 
was  stationed  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  where  he  per- 
formed duty  during  the  war. 

In  the  Summer  of  1866  Capt.  Nesmith  was  appointed 
a  special  agent  of  the  Treasury  Department,  through 
the  influence  of  Hon.  William  E.  Chandler,  then  As- 
sistant Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  was  sent  to 
superintend  the  contractors  who  had  undertaken  to 
raise  the  gunboats  sunk  by  the  enemy  in  the  Yazoo 
river  and  other  waters  around  Vicksburg,  while  that 
city  was  besieged  by  Gen.  Grant.  In  1875-6  he  served 
the  U.  S.  Government  as  special  agent  investigating 
the  claims  of  Union  men  in  West  Virginia,  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee. 

In  civil  life  Capt.  Nesmith  served  his  town  as  one  of 
the  Selectmen,  and  was  her  Representative  in  General 
Court  in  the  years  1868  and  1869,  in  the  latter  of  which 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  353 

he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  State  Prison. 
Capt.  Nesmith  married  Miss  May  E.  Moulder  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  by  whom  he  had  four  children, 
two  of  whom — daughters — survive  him.  Capt.  Nesmith 
died  at  his  father's  house  in  Franklin,  Aug.  18,  1877, 
aged  44  years. 

The  following  tribute  to  the  memory  of  Capt. 
Nesmith  is  from  the  pen  of  Hon.  Wm.  E.  Chandler  : 

"Arthur  Sidney  Nesmith  was  with  me  at 'school  at 
Pembroke  thirty  years  ago,  and  our  acquaintance  and 
friendship  have  never  ceased.  He  has  been  more  in- 
clined to  active  life  than  to  study,  and  has  discharged 
with  unostentatious  fidelity  every  duty  of  his  vocation, 
whether  in  military  or  private  labors.  He  was  always 
modest,  quiet,  amiable,  and  yet  positive  in  character. 
He  possessed  many  of  those  genial  qualities  which 
characterize  his  father,  and  also  inherited  from  him  that 
remarkable  'common  sense'  that  gave  him  reasonable 
success  in  whatever  he  undertook.  His  amiability  and 
fidelity  to  his  friends  endeared  him  to  everyone,  and  he 
had  no  enemy  in  the  world  that  I  am  aware  of.  It  is 
many  years  since  he  enjoyed  good  health,  but  during 
all  his  years  of  suffering,  anxiety,  alternate  hope  and 
despondency,  he  has  been  patient  and  uncomplaining, 
and  with  great  mental  energy,  triumphing  over  pain  and 
weakness,  he  has  insisted  upon  exerting  himself  to  at- 
tend to  business  and  to  make  himself  useful  to  his  fam- 
ily and  friends.  Great  as  must  be  the  grief  of  his 
sorrowing  relatives  it  may  be  a  consolation  to  them  to 
know  that  he  was  not  only  appreciated  and  cherished 


354  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

by  them,  but  was  also  respected  and  beloved  by  all   his 
acquaintances.     No  more  gentle   or   lovable   soul  ever 
lived.     None  ever   passed   away  with   more   reason   to 
hope  for  future  fruition." 
August,  1877. 


COL.    WILLIAM    H.    D.    COCHRANE. 

William  H.  D.  Cochrane  is  a  direct  descendant  of  the 
Scotch-Irish  Cochranes,  who  settled  in  Londonderry  in 
1721.  He  was  born  in  North  Chelmsford,  Mass.,  Dec. 
29,  1838.  His  parents  removed  to  New  Hampshire  in 
1856  and  resided  in  Lyndeborough,  Goffstown  and 
Amoskeag.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  public 
schools,  at  Leicester,  Mass.,  Academy,  and  New  Hamp- 
shire Conference  Seminary  at  Tilton. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  w-as  a  student  in 
the  office  of  the  late  Hon.  William  C.  Clark,  Manches- 
ter, and  was  an  active  member  and  clerk  of  the  Abbott 
Guards.  Under  the  first  call  for  troops  he  enlisted  with 
his  company,  which  was  the  first  to  report  at  Concord. 
When  regimental  headquarters  were  established  he  was 
detailed  as  clerk  and  orderly.  The  Abbott  Guards 
were  transferred  to  the  Second  Regiment  at  Ports- 
mouth, and  Cochrane  was  mustered  in  Co.  H  and 
continued  on  duty  at  headquarters. 

Upon  the  discharge  of  the  regiment  August  pth,  he 
re-enlisted  in  the  Fourth,  but  before  being  mustered, 
Capt.  R.  N.  Batchelder,  who  had  been  appointed  As- 
sistant Quartermaster  U.  S.  Volunteers,  tendered  him 
the  position  of  Quartermaster's  clerk,  and  on  the  i8th 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE .  355 

of  August,  he  returned  with  him  to  the  front.  He 
served  with  Capt.  Batchelder,  at  the  headquarters  of 
Gen.  Charles  P.  Stone,  afterwards,  Gen.  John  Sedg- 
wick's  division  of  the  Second  Army  Corps,  until  the 
close  of  McClellan's  Peninsular  campaign,  August 
1863,  when  he  was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant,  Co. 
E,  Tenth  N.  H.  Volunteers,  and  on  the  following  Jan- 
uary ist,  was  "promoted  to  Adjutant  of  the  same  regi- 
ment, with  which  he  was  engaged  at  Fredericksburg, 
Suffolk,  (where  he  was  wounded)  Hills  Point,  and 
Nansemond  river. 

On  the  5th  of  May,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  Cap- 
tain, and  Assistant  Quartermaster  U.  S.  Volunteers, 
again  on  July  4th,  1864,  to  full  rank  of  Major,  and 
Mar.  13,  1865,  to  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Col.  Cochrane's  service  was  wholly  with  troops  in 
the  field,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  few  months  in 
1863,  when  in  Gen.  John  G.  Foster's  command, — the 
Department  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina — he  was 
with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  Ball's  Bluff  to 
Appomattox,  serving  in  the  Ninth  and  Second  Army 
Corps,  upon  the  personal  staffs  of  Gens.  Getty,  Tidball, 
Hancock,  Parks,  White,  Humphrey,  Miles,  Terry  and 
Weitzel. 

After  the  capitulation,  he  was  stationed  at  Richmond, 
Va.,  as  Depot  Quartermaster  in  charge  of  transporting 
troops  and  unused  munitions  of  war,  to  the  North, 
and  conducting  sales  of  government  property,  horses, 
mules,  wagons,  harness,  etc.,  etc.,  until  December, 
1865,  when  he  was  transferred  to  similiar  duty  at  the 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MP  SHIRE. 


depot  at  Brazos,  Santiago,  Texas,  where  he  was  hon- 
orably discharged  June  15,  1866,  after  a  period  of  five 
years  and  two  months  continuous  service. 

Shortly  after  his  muster  out  of  the  Volunteer  service, 
he  was  appointed  an  Agent  of  the  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment, in  the  regular  army,  and  stationed  respec- 
tively at  Louisville,  Ky.,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Little 
Rock,  Ark.,  Jackson,  Miss.,  and  was  three  years  Su- 
perintendent of  the  U.  S.  Military  depot  of  supplies  at 
JefFersonville,  Ind. 

In  April  1871,  ten  years  after  his  first  enlistment, 
Col.  Cochrane  retired  from  the  military  service,  and 
engaged  in  railroad  business  at  Louisville,  Ky.  In 
April  1874,  ne  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
Nashua,  Acton  &  Boston  railroad,  and  returned  to 
New  Hampshire,  settling  in  Nashua,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  having  been  continuously  engaged  in 
railroading  ;  he  was  for  several  years  the  New  England 
Agent  of  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  and  Nickel  Plate  Fast 
Freight  Lines. 

October  i2th,  1886,  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Cleveland,  United  States  Pension  Agent  for  the  district 
of  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont,  with  office  in  the 
Federal  Building  at  Concord. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

THE     MATERIAL     PROSPERITY    OF     THE     NORTH     DURING 
THE    WAR    P.ERIOD. 

The  design  of  this  paper  is  to  give  a  brief  general 
view  of  the  early  and  later  effects  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  upon  the  industries  of  the  country,  commend- 
ing the  reader  to  the  elaborate  and  critical  works  of 
various  authors  for  a  more  complete  history. 

Nothing,  probably,  will  be  a  greater  surprise  to  the 
future  readers  of  American  history  than  the  unprece- 
dented material  prosperity  of  the  Northern  States  dur- 
ing four  years  of  internecine  war.  The  period  between 
1861-5  presents,  in  this  respect,  the  sharpest  contrast 
with  the  effects  of  all  previous  protracted  conflicts  of 
arms.  After  the  first  flush  of  excitement  had  passed, 
there  was  little  in  the  general  aspect  of  affairs  to  indi- 
cate to  a  stranger  that  the  North  was  a  party  in  this 
conflict.' 

His  attention  would  be  chiefly  occupied  with  the  signs 
of  thrift  and  the  intense  business  life  revealed  on  every 
hand.  The  first  shock,  indeed,  was  like  a  paralysis  to 
every  department  of  business  and  industry  and  begat 
woeful  forebodings  of  the  future.  It  was  analogous  to 
the  sudden  convulsion  which  stops  the  great  wheel  and 
throws  all  the  machinery  into  confusion.  Visions  of 


FIR  S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 


the  stagnation  of  business,  the  depreciated  currency 
and  the  general  destitution  and  suffering  attendant  upon 
the  Wars  of  the  Revolution  and  of  1812,  rose  to  the 
mind  as  about  to  be  repeated.  Virtual  non-intercourse 
with  the  South  and  the  danger  from  privateers  upon  the 
ocean  would  interfere  with  exchange  of  commodities 
by  commerce,  and  confine  most  of  our  resources  and 
markets  within  the  limits  of  the  loyal  States.  The 
country  would  be  drained  of  most  of  our  laboring  force 
for  the  army,  scarcely  a  nucleus  of  which  existed. 

The  enormous  expense  of  raising,  equipping  and 
sustaining  an  army  and  creating  a  navy  staggered  the 
most  sanguine  and  presaged  a  pecuniary  draft  upon  the 
people  beyond  their  ability.  A  bankrupt  U.  S.  Treas- 
ury and  the  general  lack  of  sympathy  from  other 
Nations  rendered  the  question  of  finances  a  serious 
problem.  The  only  relief  to  this  dark  picture  seemed 
to  be  the  quite  general  belief  that  the  struggle  would  be 
short. 

The  people  did  not  at  first  realize  the  changed  condi- 
tion of  the  country  from  that  in  former  wars  —  the  mar- 
vellous increase  of  population,  of  wealth,  of  labor-sav- 
ing machinery  and  facilities  for  transportation  and  in- 
tercommunication —  in  short  that  in  all  former  wars  the 
country  was  painfully  deficient  in  all  the  elements  of 
strength,  while  now  it  was  exceedingly  strong. 

But  this  depression  was  of  short  duration.  As  sud- 
denly as  it  had  fallen  upon  the  people  was  it  lifted  again 
and  succeeded  by  the  advent  of  an  era  of  phenomenal 
prosperity.  Among  the  first  indications  of  this  change 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  359 

of  feeling  was  the  sudden  and  large  demand  of  the 
government  for  fabrics,  mainly  of  woollen,  for  the 
clothing  of  the  troops  now  enlisting  by  the  thousands. 
Manufacturers  awoke  from  their  despondent  dreams  to 
see  before  them  a  bonanza. 

Mills,  some  of  which  had  in  the  panic  been  closed, 
were  run  to  their  utmost  capacity.  Day  and  night  the 
whir  of  machinery  was  everywhere  heard.  This  cre- 
ated a  demand  for  the  raw  material  far  beyond  the  pro- 
duction and  the  shre^vd  farmer  saw  his  opportunity. 
The  sheep  industry  had,  by  the  low  price  of  wool, 
fallen  into  decay.  Now,  with  the  most  surprising  rap- 
idity, the  meadows  and  hills  were  clothed  with  flocks. 
Still  the  supply  was  insufficient,  and  the  era  of  "Shod- 
dy" dawned  upon  the  land.  Cast-off  clothing  and  old 
rags  were  ground  up  and  combined  with  wool  fiber  or 
made  a  "backing "for  a  thin  surface  of  pure  wool. 
This,  though  less  durable  than  wool,  made  warm  gar- 
ments and  was,  for  the  time  being,  a  fortunate  device, 
and  one  which  was  adopted  in  all  classes  of  textile 
goods  that  would  admit  of  it,  or  when  there  was  a 
scarcity  of  raw  material. 

In  fact  a  similar  expedient  was  resorted  to  with  re- 
gard to  most  goods  put  upon  the  market.  Groceries  of 
almost  every  kind  were  adulterated  though  with  harm- 
less substances.  Imported  goods  and  Southern  prod- 
ucts, for  reasons  already  mentioned,  were  most  difficult 
to  obtain,  but  fortunately  a  large  share  of  imported 
goods  were  luxuries  the  enjoyment  of  which  the  people 
could  forego  or  for  which  they  could  procure  substi- 


360  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

tutes.  As  a  single  example  of  this  but  little  pure  cof- 
fee was  used  during  the  war — generally  only  enough  to 
give  flavor  to  compounds  of  chiccory  and  the  small 
grains,  sometimes  of  peas  and  beans. 

As  we  were  mainly  shut  up  to  home  productions,  so 
a  home  market  was  readily  found  for  all  the  products 
of  mill  and  shop,  of  farm  and  forest;  and  every  class 
of  artisans  and  laborers' found  constant  and  remunera- 
tive employment. 

The  absence  of  so  many  in  the  army  enhanced  the 
value  of  all  labor-saving  machines  and  greatly  stimu- 
lated genius  for  their  increase. 

Under  the  circumstances  the  prices  of  all  products  of 
mill  and  soil,  as  well  as  imports,  took  an  upward  ten- 
dency which  continued  to  th'e  close  of  the  war.  Owing 
to  the  limited  supply  of  cotton  and  wool  they,  with  the 
manufactured  goods  became,  in  this  respect,  most  con- 
spicuous. Cotton,  which  in  1860  was  worth  but  11^5 
cents  per  pound,  rose  steadily  every  year  to  38-69^-93 
cents,  until  in  1864  it  cost  $1.90.  Wool  did  not  show 
so  great  a  change  because  of  the  increased  production ; 
still,  while  from  1824  to  1861  the  average  prices  of 
washed  Ohio  fleece  wool  was  for  fine  53.3  cents,  for 
medium  42.4  cents  and  for  coarse  34.5  cents,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  the  fine  and  medium  grades  brought  $1.15 
per  pound. 

As  a  necessary  result  the  price  of  labor  advanced 
with  the  cost  of  subsistence,  so  that  where  the  laboring 
man  had  to  pay  thirty  or  forty  cents  per  pound  for  beef 
steak,  or  thirty,  forty  or  fifty  cents  a  yard  for  ordinary 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  361 

cotton  cloth,  the  increase  of  his  wages  met  the  emer- 
gency. Trade  shared  largely  in  this  general  prosperity. 
The'  rapid  rise  on  goods  of  every  description  gave 
equally  quick  returns  of  gratifying  profits.  Old  stocks 
of  goods  which  would  gladly  have  been  sold  at  cost,  or 
below,  brought  remunerative  prices.  Merchants  were 
quite  as  anxious  to  buy  as  to  sell,  knowing  that  in  a 
few  days,  perhaps  hours,  their  profits  would  be  aug- 
mented by  "a  rise."  The  only  caution  necessary 
seemed  to  be  that  they  should  not  be  caught  with  a 
large  stock  of  newly  purchased  goods  on  hand  when 
the  war  should  close  and  prices  begin  to  decline. 

Great  as  were  these  facilities  for  business  they  would 
have  been  wholly  inadequate  to  meet  the  demand  with- 
out a  system  of  finances  that  would  furnish  the  sinews 
of  war  and  afford  a  circulating  medium  that  would 
command  the  confidence  of  the  people.  When  the  war 
broke  out  in  1861  the  public  debt  was  about  $90,000,000, 
and  the  Treasury  was  empty.  An  army,  aggregating 
in  the  end  more  than  two  and  a  half  millions,  must  be 
provided  for,  a  navy  created  and,  maintained,  the  cur- 
ent  expenses  of  government  defrayed  and  a  circulating 
medium  provided  that  would  meet  the  necessities  of  the 
people.  Can  all  this  be  done?  was  a  question  that 
staggered  the  most  capacious  minds  of  the  Nation  and 
produced  a  painful  suspense  throughout  the  country. 

Fortunately  for  the  crisis  providence  had  raised  up  a 
man  who  was  equal  to  the  emergency,  whom  President 
Lincoln  had  the  sagacity  to  appoint  over  the  Treasury 
and  who  was  to  personate  the  grandest  financial  enter- 


32  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

}  prise  and  success  recorded  in  history — Salmon  P.  Chase. 
It  was  his  magic  finger  that  touched  the  mainspring 
and  set  the  disordered  machinery  into  normal  afction 
again. 

For  an  exhaustive  history  of  the  financial  struggle  of 
the  government  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  "  Financial 
History  of  the  United  States"  by  Albert  S.  Bolles,  to 
which  mainly  the  writer  is  indebted  for  the  following 
facts.  The  work  is  not  only  replete  with  information 
but  it  reads  like  a  romance. 

When  Mr.  Chase  assumed  the  portfolio  of  the  Treas- 
ury it  was,  even  for  a  time  of  peace,  in  a  deplorable 
condition.  Heavily  in  debt  already,  it  was  without 
"money  to  pay  the  public  creditors  who  were  pressing 
for  payment.  There  was  not  money  enough  even  to 
pay  members  of  Congress."  It  was  fortunate  that  the 
impression  prevailed  that  the  war  would  be  short ;  that 
the  liabilities  before  the  Treasury  were  not  known ; 
that  the  debt  of  the  Government  would  in  1865  amount 
to  $2,366,955,077;  that  the  cost  of  the  war  would 
amount  to  the  enormous  sum  of  $6,189,929,908.58. 

It  was  all  the  financial  ability  of  the  nation  could  do 
to  provide  for  exigencies  as  they  occurred.  The  diffi- 
culties were  increased  by  the  great  variety  of  opinions 
and  theories  among  financiers  as  to  means  and  meas- 
ures arising  from  the  anxiety  of  all  to  adopt  the  best 
methods,  while  no  one  knew  nor  could  know  without 
a  trial  what  the  best  measures  were. 

From  the  time  of  assuming  his  office  to  the  outbreak 
of  hostilities,  Mr.  Chase  adopted  the  best  expedients  he 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  3^3 

could  devise  to  provide  for  present  necessities,  princi- 
pally by  securing  loans  on  the  issuing  of  treasury 
notes. 

Money  came  in  slowly,  especially  after  hostilities 
commenced,  for  there  was  a  very  extensive  uncertainty 
felt  with  regard  to  the  solvency  of  the  government. 
This  feeling,  however,  very  soon  gave  way  to  the  more 
patriotic  sentiment  that  "if  the  government  is  not  safe, 
nothing  is  safe."  In  July,  1861,  Congress  authorized 
the  Secretary  to  issue  coupon  or  registered  bonds  on  a 
term  of  years,  bearing  not  more  than  seven  per  cent, 
interest,  payable  semi-annually.  It  was  also  left  op- 
tional with  him  to  issue  treasury  notes  of  small  amounts. 

The  reviving  confidence  of  the  people  in  the  credit 
of  the  government  gave  these  bonds  ready  sale,  and 
thereafter  they  were  universally  popular,  and  became 
one  of  the  chief  feeders  of  the  Treasury  by  the  invest- 
ments of  the  people.  Mr.  Chase  was  also  authorized 
to  borrow  large  amounts  at  home  or  abroad  if  the  exi- 
gency required  it.  By  the  co-operation  of  banks  in 
New  York,  Philadelphia  and  Boston  very  large  loans 
were  secured. 

At  this  time  it  became  evident  that  the  war  was  to  be 
a  protracted  one  and  men's  hearts  began  to  fail  them, 
and  the  credit  of  the  government  was  greatly  impaired. 
The  banks  then  came  up  nobly  to  the  rescue  and  deter- 
mined to  sustain  the  credit  of  the  government  or  fall 
with  it.  They  banded  together  for  this  purpose,  ignor- 
ing for  the  time  being  their  usual  and  legitimate  busi- 
ness. "This  act  restored  the  public  confidence  and 


3  64  FIR S  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIPE. 

was  the  highest  endorsement  of  the  public  credit  that 
could  be  given."  It  was  not  long  before  the  U.  S. 
bonds  were  considered  by  the  people,  with  unimportant 
exceptions,  the  safest  investment  they  could  make,  and 
money  flowed  into  the  treasury  in  small  and  large  sums 
with  great  rapidity. 

During  the  year  1861  "Mr.  Chase  pondered  over  the 
expediency  of  replacing  the  State  bank  circulation 
with  one  furnished  by  national  banks  as  a  means,  pri- 
marily, for  sustaining  the  government."  This  plan 
matured  into  the  present  national  banking  system. 
While  this  measure  was  under  discussion  the  pressing 
want  of  money  led  to  the  issuing  of  legal-tender  notes, 
which  was  subsequently  largely  increased.  Both  these 
measures  were  stoutly  opposed  and  caused  much  dis- 
cussion, but  both  prevailed  and  became  popular. 
These,  with  temporary  loans  and  ordinary  revenues, 
enabled  Mr.  Chase  for  a  considerable  time  to  satisfy  the 
demand  upon  the  Treasury  Department. 

Still,  as  the  war  progressed,  expenses  greatly  in- 
creased and  exigencies  frequently  occurred.  Conse- 
quently there  was  repeated  resort  to  loans,  bonds  and 
greenbacks.  There  seemed  to  be  no  other  expedient 
to  meet  immediate  demands  whatever  might  be  the  final 
outcome. 

Another  source  of  income  was  taxation.  Towards 
the  last  of  1861,  the  Secretary  brought  this  subject  to 
the  attention  of  Congress  and  the  result  was  a  law  in- 
creasing the  tax  on  all  imports,  especially  luxuries,  and 
on  most  home  productions,  on  stocks  and  securities, 


GENERAL  R.  N.  BATCHELDER, 

QUARTER-MASTER     GENERAL      U.     S.     ARMY. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  365 

bank  circulation  and  dividends  of  insurance  companies, 
and  also  on  incomes  exceeding  $800,  which  act  passed 
into  effect  Jan.  i,  1862. 

"  Another  revenue  Act  was  passed  this  session,  which 
provided  for  obtaining  the  property  of  those  who  should 
aid,  abet  or  promote  the  insurrection  or  resistance  to  the 
laws,  or  of  any  person  or  persons  engaged  therein." 

Such  were  the  principal  expedients  adopted  to  supply 
funds  for  prosecuting  the  war.  Sometimes  the  meas- 
ures suggested  by  Mr.  Chase  met  the  approval  of 
others  ;  quite  as  often  they  were  antagonized,  necessitat- 
ing long  delays  and  many  compromises  and  modifica- 
tions before  practical  results  were  reached. 

It  became  apparent  very  early  in  the  war  that  neither 
the  government  nor  business  could  be  adequately  served 
with  specie,  and  it  was  withdrawn  from  circulation.  On 
Dec.  28,  1861,  the  banks  voted  to  suspend  specie  pay- 
ment, and  very  shortly  little  or  none  was  seen  in  circu- 
lation. This  caused  great  embarrassment  to  all 
branches  of  business.  Business  men  began  to  issue 
their  personal  notes  for  sums  less  than  one  dollar. 
These  were  called  "shin  plasters." 

The  dangers  of  this  practice  were  apparent,  and  the 
use  of  postage  stamps  for  change  was  authorized  by 
government.  A  law  was  also  passed  authorizing  the 
Secretary  to  issue  fractional  currency  to  an  amount  not 
exceeding  $50,000,000.  This  by  constant  use  would 
become  mutilated  or  "  filthy  lucre,"  and  would  be  re- 
called and  new  issues  made,  so  that  the  amount  finally 
issued  was  much  greater  than  that  first  authorized. 


3  66  FIRS  T  NE  W  HA  MPSHIRE. 

Greenbacks  were  made  legal  tender.  Fractional 
currency  was  made  "redeemable  in  United  States  notes 
in  sums  not  less  than  three  dollars  and  receivable  for 
postage  and  revenue  stamps,  and  also  in  payment  of 
dues  to  the  United  States  less  than  five  dollars,  except 
duties  on  imports.  It  was  not  legal  tender  for  private 
debts,  but  it  was  convenient  and  freed  the  country  from 
other  kinds  of  small  money." 

There  was  thenceforward  no  lack  of  money  as  a  cir- 
culating medium.  Of  necessity  the  price  of  gold  be- 
gan at  once  to  advance  and  so  continued  steadily  until 
it  reached  $2.85,  its  highest  point.  But,  for  ordinary 
business,  none  was  wanted.  Currency  became  popular 
and  even  more  desirable  than  specie. 

Lest  the  reader  may  think  the  writer  of  this  paper 
has  given  Mr.  Chase  indiscriminate  praise  in  connec- 
tion with  the  finances  of  the  country,  it  is  well  to  state 
the  fact,  which  is  more  fully  presented  in  the  article  by 
Mr.  Whitcher,  that  during  the  most  important  period  of 
time  immediately  before  the  war  and  during  its  contin- 
uance, Gen.  John  A.  Dix  and  William  Pitt  Fessenden 
shared  with  Mr.  Chase  the  honors  of  ably  presiding 
over  the  Treasury,  and  that  Mr.  Fessenden  was,  during 
the  greater  part  of  the  war,  Chairman  of  the  Finance 
Committee  of  the  Senate. — A  trio  of  New  Hampshire 
born  men  of  whom  the  State  is  justly  proud. 

In  this  great  financial  struggle  for  the  support  of  the 
government,  New  Hampshire  sustained  her  full  propor- 
tion of  the  burden.  The  amount  expended  by  the 
States  and  municipalities  was  $467,954,364. 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  367 

Of  the  twenty-two  loyal  States  which  were  reim- 
bursed by  the  general  government,  New  Hampshire  ex- 
pended $13,125,000,  and  only  eight  of  these  States  ex- 
pended a  larger  amount.  These  figures  do  not,  how- 
ever, include  the  high  bounties  paid  soldiers,  especially 
near  the  close  of  the  war,  nor  many  other  local  expen- 
ses which  would  greatly  increase  the  amount  that  was 
paid  by  the  individual  States.  Adding  the  local  boun- 
ties paid  by  New  Hampshire  to  the  amount  reimbursed 
by  the  government  we  have  $22,761,313,  which  on  the 
basis  of  the  population  of  the  State  in  1860,  amounted  to 
$69.77  per  capita,  a  record  of  which  New  Hampshire 
need  not  be  ashamed  when'compared  with  that  of  other 
States.  On  the  same  basis  of  reckoning  Massachusetts 
paid  $57.49  per  capita,  New  York  $50.92,  Vermont 
$42.32. 

It  is  not,  however,  to  be  supposed  that  the  liabilities 
assumed  by  the  State  were  to  be  easily  or  speedily  re- 
moved when  the  war  should  close.  The  history  of  the 
measures  taken  in  New  Hampshire  to  meet  her  share  of 
the  financial  burdens  of  the  war  is  found  in  the  official 
records  of  the  period.  To  enter  into  the  details  which 
made  up  this  chapter  of  State  history  would  involve  us 
in  a  mass  of  statistics  which  would  be  out  of  place  in 
these  pages.  Therefore  we  will  not  proceed  further  in 
this  direction  than  to  note  some  of  the  authorities  which 
the  inquisitive  reader  may  consult. 

Such  references  are,  Potter's  Military  History  of  New 
Hampshire ;  Adjutant-General's  Report  1868,  page 
379  ;  Waite's  New  Hampshire  in  the  Rebellion  ;  Legis- 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

lative  Acts  of  1861,  and. subsequent  years;  Messages 
of  the  Governors  ;  Protest  of  the  Minority  in  1861  ; 
Report  of  the  Special  Committee  to  investigate  War 
Expenditures  of  which  Col.  Kent  was  Chairman  ;  Re- 
ports of  the  State  Auditor,  and  Reports  of  the  State 
Treasurer. 

Town,  State  and  National  war  debts,  and  pension 
rolls  of  unprecedented  magnitude,  still  remind  us  that 
the  finances  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  are  to  remain 
a  part  of  our  practical  affairs  for  years  to  come. 

Among  the  aftermath  of  the  conflict  seen  in  our  fiscal 
affairs  have  been  the  attempts  to  arrange  or  litigate  the 
claims  of  individuals  against  the  town  or  city  for  com- 
mutation of  sums  paid  for  substitutes  or  an  equivalent ; 
claims  by  the  cities  and  towns  against  the  State  for  re- 
imbursement of  municipal  war  expenditures,  and  the 
adjustment  of  unsettled  claims  and  balances  between 
the  State  and  National  Government. 

Such  propositions  as  the  pending  direct  Tax  Bill 
prove  that  the  end  is  not  yet.  Such  heavy  and  pro- 
tracted burdens  as  these  were  not  unanticipated,  but 
they  were  the  only  alternative  with  defeat,  and  the 
cheerfulness  with  which  they  have  been  borne  evinces 
the  high  appreciation,  by  the  people,  of  the  victory 
achieved. 

The  war  period  was  one,  in  every  direction,  of  "  in- 
flation"— a  condition  that  cannot  be  indulged  to  any 
considerable  extent  without  the  violation  of  an  invinci- 
ble law  the  penalty  of  which  is  corresponding  depres- 
sion. Of  this  none  were  more  painfully  conscious  than 


FIRST  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  369 

were  Mr.  Chase  and  the  statesmen  at  Washington.' 
There  was,  however,  but  one  alternative.  It  was 
inflation  or  defeat,  and  it  was  considered  that  the  out- 
come of  the  former  could  be  more  easily  remedied  than 
that  of  the  latter. 

The  result  justified  this  decision,  although  the  period 
of  "  reconstruction"  and  "resumption"  laid  a  severe 
tax  on  the  wisdom,  patience  and  fortitude  of  the  author- 
ities and  the  people.  Still  the  Nation  came  out  of  the 
struggle,  assuming  a  normal  condition,  with  far  less 
difficulty  than  was  anticipated. 

All  calamities  have  their  compensations.  While  the 
war  brought  upon  the  people  sacrifice,  sorrow  and 
death,  it  brought  also  unprecedented  opportunities  for 
pecuniary  advantage. 

The  abundance  of  money,  most  of  which  was  legal 
tender,  greatly  relieved  the  burdens  of  the  poor  and  fa- 
cilitated accumulation  for  future  wants  ;  it  enabled  mul- 
titudes to  lift  mortgages  from  their  humble  homes  and 
secure  a  competency  ;  it  delivered  others  from  the  thral- 
dom of  bankruptcy  and  inspired  their  courage  for  a 
new  start  in  life.  Men  who  had  large  stocks  of  mer- 
chantable goods  on  hand  had  but  to  sit  still  and  grow 
rich.  Many,  indeed,  missed  the  opportunity  for  large 
accumulations  because  they  feared  to  invest  largely,  lest 
the  war  should  be  of  brief  duration.  But  multitudes 
who  took  these  chances  and  invested  liberally,  passed 
almost  at  a  single  stride  from  nothing  to  princely  for- 
tunes. As  an  illustration  of  this :  A  young  man, 
a  clerk  in  a  seaport  city,  had  a  few  hundred  dollars 


37O  FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

which  he  invested  in  rosin  (exclusively  a  Southern  pro- 
duction) and  while  he  was  plodding  on  behind  the 
counter  his  merchandise  was  making  for  him  a  fortune, 
so  that  when  he  sold,  he  was  able,  if  he  had  chosen,  to 
retire  on  a  competency.  This  case  was  only  one  of 
many  thousands  of  greater  or  less  note. 

Many  men  who  had  been  content  with  moderate  gains 
were  millionaires  at  the  close  of  the  war ;  few  were 
poorer  than  before. 

Money  thus  easily  and  rapidly  acquired  is  not  held 
with  so  tight  a  grasp  as  that  acquired  by  a  slower  pro- 
cess, and  a  broader  liberality  became  one  of  the  fruits 
of  the  war. 

Educational  institutions,  churches,  public  improve- 
ments, philanthropic  enterprises  and  ordinary  objects  of 
charity  shared  liberally  in  the  benefactions  of  the  pros- 
perous. 

While  war  is  always  to  be  most  heartily  deprecated, 
still  as  a  fact,  it  cannot  be  reasonably  doubted  that  the 
country  today  is,  in  all  the  elements  and  institutions  of 
a  Christian  civilization,  many  years  in  advance  of  what 
it  would  have  been  but  for  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

With  a  regenerated  country  whose  soil,  sacred  to  lib- 
erty, is  nowhere  pressed  by  the  foot  of  a  slave ;  with  a 
government  strengthened  by  the  assault  of  domestic 
foes  who  found  aid  and  comfort  in  the  mightiest  nations 
of  Europe ;  with  a  citizen  soldiery  and  a  love  of  coun- 
try which  hold  in  awe  the  military  systems  of  the 
world ;  with  a  Union  unbroken  from  the  lakes  to  the 
gulf,  from  ocean  to  ocean ;  with  all  our  free  institutions 


NE  W  HAMPSHIRE.  3  7  1 


preserved  intact  ;  with  ample  facilities  for  developing 
the  exhaustless  resources  of  the  country  ;  with  a  secur- 
ity to  all  our  interests,  personal  and  associated,  unparal- 
leled among  the  nation  ;  with  a  future  before  us  whose 
sublime  mission  challenges  human  conception  —  is  it  not 
pardonable  egotism  to  say  that  America  today  sits  as 
queen  among  the  nations  of  the  earth? 


WRITTEN  FOR  A  MEMORIAL  OCCASION. 


BY    MRS.    SARAH    C.    ABBOTT. 


When  the  Flag  of  our  Union  with  Fort  Sumter  fell 

Though  held  by  its  hero  so  long  and  so  well, 

One  'lectrical  spark  from  centre  to  pole 

Flashed  over  the  nerves  of  the  national  soul ; 

One  throb  of  the  heart — of  agonized  pain — 

Shot  fire  to  the  eye  and  blood  to  the  brain  :  — 

The  scabbard  now  yielded  the  glittering  sword 

And  "  to  arms  for  our  Flag  !"  was  the  magical  word. 

Nor  wide  over  hill-top  and  valley  and  plain 

Re-echoed  the  wail  of  our  country  in  vain, 

For  an  army  of  loyal,  true  patriots  flew 

To  rescue  from  insult  the  "red,  white  and  blue." 

Nor  prison,  nor  famine,  nor  death,  nor  the  grave 

Could  force  it  to  bow  to  rebellion  a  slave, 


372  FIR S T  NE  W  HAMPSHIRE. 

But  proudly  and  freely  throughout  the  long  night, 

Defiantly  waved  the  broad  Banner  of  Light. 

How  often  amid  the  long,  sorrowful  years 

Were  their  shouts  and  their  groans  alike  answered  by 

tears, 

As  the  records  of  battle  were  eagerly  read 
And  of  names  written ' '  missing"  or  "wounded"  or ' '  dead  !" 
And  often  the  field  or  the  hospital  prayer 
For  a  dear  sister's  voice  or  a  mother's  fond  care 
Was  glistening  in  many  a  tear-bedewed  eye 
Or  whispered  so  faintly  or  breathed  with  a  sigh. 
But  peace  to  their  ashes — no  sound  from  their  foes 
Shall  evermore  break  their  deep,  silent  repose  ; 
A  "Grand  Army"  stationed  their  country  to  keep 
Who  poured  out  their  lives  till  the  red  tide  was  deep. 
They  "  have  fought  a  good  fight"  and  to  wait  for  their 

crown , 

In  unbroken  ranks  have  laid  themselves  down 
In  glory's  cold  grave  and  the  urn  of  their  dust 
To  the  care  of  their  comrades  and  kindred  entrust, 
Who  fondly  will  cherish  the  treasure  so  dear, 
Whose  story  from  parents  our  children  shall  hear 
And  repeat  to  their  offspring — forever  the  same 
While  our  Flag  bears  a  star  or  our  Country  a'name. 
And  faithfully,  tenderly,  freely  to-day 
Our  offerings  of  love  on  their  altars  we  lay — 
Our  garlands  entwined  from  the  sweetest  of  flowers, 
Nor  incense  less  fragrant  from  these  hearts  of  ours. 
To  the  memory  sacred  of  husbands  and  sires, 
Of  lovers  and  sons  we  light  holy  fires, 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


373 


Whose  flame  on  love's  altar  oft-kindled  shall  glow 
Till  heart-flowers  wither  and  tears  cease  to  flow. 
"Fraternity,  Loyalty,  Charity"  now 
May  twine  their  bright  laurels  for  Victory's  brow, 
But  greener  the  palms  of  the  victors  shall  "  wave 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave." 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

STATISTICAL    TABLES. 

The  imperfection  of  the  records  incident  to  the  excit- 
ing scenes  of  the  early  period  of  the  war ;  the  length  of 
time  that  has  elapsed ;  the  neglect  of  many  to  report 
themselves  to  the  author,  and  the  liability  to  mistakes  by 
those  who  have  reported  the  names  and  record  of  their 
comrades,  which  it  has  been  impossible  in  many  cases 
to  verify ;  together  with  the  difficulty  of  tracing  the  rec- 
ord of  both  living  and  dead  veterans,  have  rendered 
much  imcompleteness  and  probably,  many  inaccuracies 
in  the  following  tables  unavoidable.  Especially  is  this 
true  in  Tables  2,  3  and  4. 


FIRST  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


375 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Form  L9-50m-9,'60(B3610s4)444 


001  157  158     5 


